• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공작기계학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.419-423
• /
• 2005

In microfactory, loading/unloading mechanism supply the row material to processing machines for manufacturing process such as pressing, cutting, plastic deformation. This mechanism for rnicrofactory is designed as modularity robot. Microfactory system have to be flexible structure for variety product item. For system flexibility, applied mechanisms are developed as moduality. Robot moduality needs the specific characteristics which are different from one of macro, typical robot system. In this paper, we discussed about the modularity robot. and proposed the loading/unloading mechanism for working in microfactory system.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 1998년도 추계학술대회논문집:21세기에 대비한 지능형 통합항만관리
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 1998

Recently several researches of high speed container ship and loading system are mainly accomplished in U.S.A. and Japan. Its shipping service is not realized but it is realized in near future. To effective use of the feature and efficiency of them, quay, loading/unloading. yard operation system, port management system and connection transport system must be well integrated and operated. Specially, loading /unloading speed of container crane is important for making effective use of them. To speed up loading/unloading system, RO-RO and LO-LO methods that are mostly exclusive system are studied on the container crane with special structure and mechanism to handle individual container or bundle of containers. In this paper these methods are shown. When new high speed loading system of container is desighed, the realistic constrains must be considered.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.519-529
• /
• 2021

In coal mining activities, the abutment stress of the coal has to undergo cyclic loading and unloading, affecting the strength and seepage characteristics of coal; additionally, it can cause dynamic disasters, posing a major challenge for the safety of coal mine production. To improve the understanding of the dynamic disaster mechanism of gas outburst and rock burst coupling, triaxial devices are applied to axial pressure cyclic loading-unloading tests under different axial stress peaks and different pore pressures. The existing empirical formula is use to perform a non-linear regression fitting on the relationship between stress and permeability, and the damage rate of permeability is introduced to analyze the change in permeability. The results show that the permeability curve obtained had "memory", and the peak stress was lower than the conventional loading path. The permeability curve and the volume strain curve show a clear symmetrical relationship, being the former in the form of a negative power function. Owing to the influence of irreversible deformation, the permeability difference and the damage of permeability mainly occur in the initial stage of loading-unloading, and both decrease as the number of cycles of loading-unloading increase. At the end of the first cycle and the second cycle, the permeability decreased in the range of 5.777 - 8.421 % and 4.311-8.713 %, respectively. The permeability decreases with an increase in the axial stress peak, and the damage rate shows the opposite trend. Under the same conditions, the permeability of methane is always lower than that of helium, and it shows a V-shape change trend with increasing methane pressures, and the permeability of the specimen was 3 MPa > 1 MPa > 2 MPa.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2013

This paper explores stress release induced by unloading in dry sand. A series of model tests were carried out to measure stresses developed in testing sand during loading and those released during unloading for different boundary conditions. It was found that stress in the sand increased linearly with applied load. At the onset of unloading, almost no stress release was observed. Significant stress release took place when the shear stress in the sand induced by unloading exceeded the frictional resistance and caused movement of sand particles. The initiation and the magnitude of stress release depend on the stress condition prior to unloading, the decrease of external load, and also the frictional resistance in sand. A new conceptual stress-release model was next developed based on the model test results by considering the fundamental frictional behavior of granular materials.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
• /
• pp.489-497
• /
• 2000

Since Chinese cabbages weigh 3 to 5kgf and are big in size at the time of harvest, handling operations such as harvesting, loading and unloading including transportation require the highest labor demand among all other cultivation processes. Recently, though several cabbage harvesters were developed in Japan and Europe, those harvesters were not suitable for Chinese cabbages cultivated in Korea because of the size and shape. The cabbage harvester is almost meaningless without any proper cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism. Most harvesters developed so far adopted a sort of slide and free falling way in collecting cabbages into the pallet. Three or four labors are usually required for cleaning incoming cabbages and loading those in the pallet. Because of the required time for piling cabbages without severe damage and the required space capacity to carry empty and loaded pallets, harvesting speed should be adjusted in accordance with time required for consecutive operations. Up to now, any automatic or semi-automatic collecting device has not been developed in the world to pile cabbages on the layer one by one into the pallet in the ordered way with little damage and to unload pallet from the harvester continuously during the harvest process. To compromise system expenses and function, Semi-automatic cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism was devised and it required one labor. The foldable mesh pallet with a size of 1050mm x 1050mm x 1000mm and holding capacity of around 70 cabbages was utilized. The prototype for piling and unloading mechanism was composed of three parts such as feeding device, automatic piling device with retractable bellows, and pallet unloading device. Prior to developing the prototype, the geometric properties and the amount of the damage of the cabbage caused during the piling operation were investigated. Considering the height of the pallet, a series of cabbage carrying plates were mounted to the bracket chain to lift and to carry cabbages to the loading device. Indoor laboratory experiments showed that the cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked successfully. Considering the conveying speed 0.46m/sec of the pull up belt from the cabbages on the ground, the speed of cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked property in the range of 0.26m/sec to 0.36m/sec. The system allowed the operator to modify the position of cabbage slightly. Overall system worked successfully resulting into almost same capacity without severe damage to the cabbage as human did.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 1991

Acoustic Emission was monitored during tensile test and loading-holding-unloa-ding cycle test for two types (notched and unnotched) of CFRP specimens. AE activities showed that the fiber breakage during tensile tests depended upon the specimen geometry. We obtained new AE parameter such as the ration (damage ratio= AE events during unloading test / AE events during loading test) and the felicity ratio from which we investigated dynamic fracture process of CFRP specimens. The damage ratio of AE events was shown to be a good indicator to distinguish the generated fracture mechanism, such as fiber breakage and delamination. Also, ultrasonic testing results after loading-holding-unloading cycle test were good agreement with AE test results to detect defects or fiber breakage.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2002

Loading/Unloading(L/UL) mechanism has been considered to be an alternative to contact start-stop(CSS) mechanism which eliminates stiction and wear associated with frequent start and stop process. It has other advantages including increased areal density due to lower flying height, reduced power consumption, and improved shock resistance. In order for L/UL to be Implemented in Near-field recording system properly, dynamics of optical flying head must be understood and optimized. In this paper the dynamic characteristics during loading process is analyzed numerically to investigate the effect of design parameters such as loading speed. slider shape, and initia conditions on the dynamic reponses of flying head..

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 1982

원구멍과 타원구멍을 갖는 두 개의 강판(鋼板)에 완전교번하중(完全交番荷重)(completely reversed load, completely alternating load ;같은 크기의 인장(引張) 압축(壓縮)의 반복)을 가할 때 유한요소법(有限要素法)을 써서 강복요소(降伏要素)가 발생하는 단계마다 각 절점(節點)의 변위(變位), 각 요소(要素)의 응력(應力) 및 변형률(變形率), 하중(荷重)의 크기 등을 계산하여 파괴력학적(破壞力學的)인 검토를 행하였다. 이로부터, 강판(鋼板)의 파괴기구(破壞機構)를 밝히는 데에 핵심이 된다고 생각되는 응력확대계수(應力擴大係數)를 계산할 수 있는 토대가 마련되었으며, 흠선단(先端)의 응력집중(應力集中)현상과 소성역(塑性域)의 변화과정이 밝혀졌다. 또, 재하(載荷) 중에 강복(降伏)을 경험한 부분에서는 강하(降荷)때에 영구변형(永久變形)(잔류변형(殘留變形))이 남게 되고 이것이 나머지의 제하(除荷)를 구속(拘束)하여 반대방향의 재하(載荷)의 효과를 일으킴으로서 흠선단(先端)에 가까운 부분에는 인장(引張) 후의 제하(除荷) 때에 심지어 압축재강복(壓縮再降伏)까지, 압축(壓縮) 후의 제하(除荷) 때에는 심지어 인장재강복(引張再降伏)까지 일으키며 이들이 인장(引張) 및 압축(壓縮)의 재하(載荷) 중의 강복(降伏)과 교번(交番)으로 반복됨으로써 흠선단(先端)에 파로(波勞)현상을 초래하게 된다는 사실을 예견할 수 있었다. 아울러 흠이 원구멍일 때와 타원구멍일 때의 계산결과를 비교하여 홈이 예리한 균열에 가까워질수록 빨리 파괴에 달하게 된다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제22권B호
• /
• pp.241-249
• /
• 2002

Optical fiber is indispensable for optical communication systems that transmit large volumes of data at high speed, but super precision technology in sub-micron units is required for optical axis adjustment. We developed the automatic optical fiber by image processing and automatic loading system. we have developed 6-axis micro stage system for I/O optical fiber arrays, the initial automatic aligning system software for a input optical array by the image processing technique, fast I/O-synchronous aligning strategy, the automatic loading/unloading system and the automatic UV bonding mechanism. In order to adjust the alignment it used on PC based motion controller, a $10{\mu}m$ repeat-detailed drawing of automatic loading system is developed by a primary line up for high detailed drawing. Also, at this researches used the image processing system and algorithm instead of the existing a primary hand-line up and fiber input array and waveguide chip formed in line by automatic.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.251-260
• /
• 2001

단조인장시험하에서 CFRP적층재의 손상과정을 음향방출과 초음파시험에 의해 평가하였다. 시험편으로부터의 음항방출신호의 진폭 분포는 기지재 균열(matrix crack), 박리(debonding), 섬유 pull-out 및 섬유 과단(fiber fracture)과 같은 CFRP에서의 파괴기구를 분석하는데 도움을 주며, 초음파 진폭감쇠의 특성 또한 각각의 파괴기구를 분석하는데 유용하다. 여러종류의 CFRP시험편을 사용하여 음향방출신호와 초음파신호의 진폭감쇠를 조사하였다. 끝으로 하중 제하중(loading-unloading) 시험이 초음파내의 진폭비에 대한 Felicity effect와 감쇠를 조사하기 위해서 수행되었다. 전 실험에 걸쳐 초음파신호의 진폭감쇠와 음향방출 파라미터(parameter)들은 동시에 검출되었다. 이로써 음향방출과 초음파시험의 두 파라미터들이 CERP에서의 파괴기구를 분석하기 위해 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음이 확인되었다.