• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.463-468
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• 2000

An experimental study has been performed to investigate the forming characteristics of pre-coated metals(PCMs) widely used in domestic appliances through Erichsen tests and deep drawing tests. Erichsen tests are performed to find out the forming limits of seven pre-coated metals in normal conditions. Rectangular deep-drawing tests are carried out to know the effects of die materials and blank metals on forming loads and surface defects of final PCM products. In the deep-drawing test, four die materials ［STD11(TiCN), STD11, STD11(TD), AMPCO] are used. In the Erichsen test, the forming limits of PCMs are obtained from flaking or crack of pre-coated films and lower than those of base metals. In respect of surface roughness and forming load, STD11(TD) and AMPCO materials are superior to my other die-materials used in the deep-drawing test.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.573-580
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• 2004

A new real-time constrained dispatch scheduling (CDS) is needed for TWBP. The CDS needs to be performed at every dispatch period to decide generation power of scheduling generators and amounts of scheduling load. Therefore, the CDS is not based on real generation costs but on bidding data of market participants with some constraints such as power balance, generation limits, ancillary service, and transmission line limits. This paper selects linear programming(LP) as an optimization tool for the CDS and presents effective formulae for the LP application. This paper also presents the way of minimizing the number of variables and constraints of the LP to improve real-time applicability.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.11a
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• pp.122-124
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• 1987

This paper presents a new algorithm in formulating a performance index for contingency selection method considering voltage security. Security limits defined-in terms of real power line flows and voltage magnitudes are considered in normalized subspaces where in critical contingencies are identified by a filtering algorithm using the infinite norm. Two types of limits, warning limit and emergency limit, are introduced for voltage and line flow. Usually performance indices have been constructed for real power line flows and voltages with each different criterion. This paper, however, presents a method that constructs them with the same criterion in use of the norm properties, so that we can assess security considering both of them. Rapid contingency simulation is performed using one iteration of fast decoupled load flows with LMML(Inverse Matrix Modification Lemma).

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 2004

There are many uncertain parameters associated with vibration components. Their physical parameters, the machining quality of vibration components, and the applied load acting on them are all uncertain. As a result, the natural frequency and the fatigue limits are also uncertain variables. In this paper, we express these parameters of vibration components and the frequency zone of resonance through interval models; this way, the robust reliability of the vibration components is defined. The robust reliability model measures and assesses the reliability of vibration components. The robust reliability of a cantilever beam is evaluated as an example. The results show that this method is reasonable for robust reliability analysis of vibration components because it does not require a large amount of failure data, it avoids the evaluation of the probability density function, and the computation is simple.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.95-106
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• 2000

The load frequency control of power system is one of important subjects in view of system operation and control. That is even though the rapid load disturbances were applied to the given power system, the stable and reliable power should be supplied to the users, converging unconditionally and rapidly the frequency deviations and the tie-line power flow one on each area into allowable boundary limits. Nonetheless of such needs, if the internal parameter perturbation and the sudden load variation were given, the unstable phenomenal of power system can be often brought out because of the large frequency deviation and the unsuppressible power line one. Therefore, it is desirable to design the robust neuro-fuzzy controller which can stabilize effectively the given power system as soon as possible. In this paper the robust neuro-fuzzy controller was proposed and applied to control of load frequency over multi-area power system. The architecture and algorithm of a designed NFC(Neuro-Fuzzy Controller) were consist of fuzzy controller and neural network for auto tuning of fuzzy controller. The adaptively learned antecedent and consequent parameters of membership functions in fuzzy controller were acquired from the steepest gradient method for error-back propagation algorithm. The performances of the resultant NFC, that is, the steady-state deviations of frequency and tie-line power flow and the related dynamics, were investigated and analyzed in detail by being applied to the load frequency control of multi-area power system, when the perturbations of predetermined internal parameters. Through the simulation results tried variously in this paper for disturbances of internal parameters and external stepwise load stepwise load changes, the superiorities of the proposed NFC in robustness and adaptive rapidity to the conventional controllers were proved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.139-149
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• 2000

This study aims to review and assess the existing postural classification schemes used for evaluating postural loads in industry. The schemes can be classified into three categories: self-report, observational and instrument-based techniques depending upon how to record working postures. Of the three techniques, this study was mainly focused on the observational methods. The observational technique is most widely used in the industrial sites because it does not interfere with work, and is easy and simple to use and cost-effective without requiring the use of expensive equipment for estimating the angular deviation of a body segment from the neutral position. In spite of the usefulness and applicability, the techniques have some problems: 1) The existing observational techniques lack the consistency in the class limits of the motion categories in each body segment; 2) Most of them do not provide the post-analysis criteria needed to judge whether or not any posture is acceptable in view point of the postural load; and 3) They can not precisely evaluate the postural load for a given posture because the external loads and dynamic factors including acceleration, moment and force were not taken into consideration.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 2014

This study presents a steel container crane movement analysis and assessment based on structural health monitoring (SHM). The accelerometers are used to monitor the dynamic crane behavior and a 3-D finite element model (FEM) was designed to express the static displacement of the crane under the different load cases. The multi-input single-output nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input (NNARX) model is used to identify the crane dynamic displacements. The FEM analysis and the identification model are used to investigate the safety and the vibration state of the crane in both time and frequency domains. Moreover, the SHM system is used based on the FEM analysis to assess the crane behavior. The analysis results indicate that: (1) the mean relative dynamic displacement can reveal the relative static movement of structures under environmental load; (2) the environmental load conditions clearly affect the crane deformations in different load cases; (3) the crane deformations are shown within the safe limits under different loads.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is a finite element analysis of supporting bone according to custom abutment angle. Methods: Implant fixture was selected with a diameter of 4 mm and the length of 13 mm. The fixture and abutment was designed by a combination of the abutment screw clamping force to produce a custom abutment model of $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$ and $35^{\circ}$. The loading condition of 176 N was applied to the lingual surface of the crown, near to the incisor edge, and horizontal load. An oblique load of $90^{\circ}$ was applied long axis of the implant fixture analyze the stress of supporting bone. Results: The result of mechanical analysis was observed that the supporting bone stress analysis of the horizontal load, the von Mises stress values (MPa) are given in the order of TH00 (432.6) > TH25 (418.0) > TH15 (417.4) > TH35 (415.8), the oblique load, the von Mises stress values are given in the order of TO00 (459.3) > TO15 (399.6) > TO25 (374.8) > TO35 (343.4) Conclusion: The $35^{\circ}$ abutment over the current clinical tolerance limits will be available for clinical application.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2000

This paper presents a new methodology that can evaluate transfer capability of composite power systems from the adequacy point of view in power system planning stages. First of all, to evaluate practical load supplying capability, nonlinear optimization problems of maximum load supplying capability(MLSC) and economic load supplying capability(ELSC) are formulated and solved by nonlinear primal-dual interior point method. Here, physical constraints considered in the optimization problems are the limits of bus voltage, line overloading, and real & reactive power generation. Also, an evaluation method of transfer capability is presented based on margins calculated by the MLSC and ELSC. Especially, to evaluate transfer capability flexibly, simple indices such as expected MLSC, transfer capability margin, and power not supplied are respectively proposed by considering (N-1) line outage probability. Numerical results on IEEE RTS 24, IEEE 118, and IEEE 300 bus system show that the proposed algorithm is effective and useful for power system planning stages.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2021

Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) is currently used for retrofitting of older buildings and the design of new buildings. Whereas, application of performance-based design for wind load is still under development. The tendency has been in the codes to increase wind hazard based on recent recorded events. Since tall buildings are highly susceptible to wind load, necessity for developing a framework for performance-based wind design (PBWD) has intensified. Only a few guidelines such as ASCE (2019) provide information on using PBWD as an alternative for code prescriptive wind design. Though wind hazards, performance objectives, analysis techniques, and acceptance criteria are explained, no recommendations are provided for several aspects like how to select a proper level of wind hazard for each target performance criterion. This paper is an attempt to explain current design philosophy for wind and seismic loads and inherent connection between the components of PBSD for development of a framework for PBWD of tall buildings. Recognizing this connection, a framework for PBWD based on limits set for serviceability and strength is also proposed. Also, the potential for carrying out PBWD in line with ASCE 7-16 is investigated and proposed in this paper.