• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.696-703
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• 2015

We investigated the characteristics of embryonic and abnormal organ development in haploid olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, by comparing egg development and histological sections in haploid and diploid individuals. After the mid-blastula transition, abnormal development was observed in haploid fish, including delayed epiboly and malformation of the germ ring and embryonic body. In haploid flounder, Kupffer’s vesicles are irregularly shaped and of variable size compared to diploids. The embryonic body of haploids was shorter and broader than that of diploids and the tail length and size were variable. Most haploid embryos failed to hatch and the few larvae that did, did not survive for more than 6 h. The histological analysis of haploid larvae revealed deformed development in diverse organs, including the eye, otic vesicles, notochord, and neural tube. These results may be related to an abnormality in the axial system of haploid larvae. This study confirmed that the abnormalities of haploid olive flounder were similar to the reported characteristics of haploid syndrome. The abnormalities are caused by delayed epiboly and involution and deformity of Kupffer’s vesicle during egg development.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2008

We analyzed the current research trends of living modified organisms (LMO) by questionnaires in the interest of making biosaftey laws and policies in Korea. We executed a pre-survey at the Crop Functional Genomics 2004 conference and obtained LMO research information from 423 LMO research organizations, including 32 national research institutes, 314 universities, and 77 industries. We found that the total 59 kinds of hosts including 26 kinds of plants, 15 kinds of animals, and 18 kinds of microbes were used for LMO research and E. coli was the most common host. The risk of the most experimental hosts was below a biosafety level of 1 (73.8%) and 2 (25.9%). LMO development use purpose was implemented in various developmental uses: 51.3% in test and research use, 19% in health and medical use, and 12.9% in agriculture use. The experiment product, waste product, and products of host for LMO development were 327.2, 223.6, and 13.5 in number of plants; 280.6, 52.4, and 8.7 in number of animals; and $8.3\;{\times}\;10^{11}CFU$, $7.7\;{\times}\;10^{11}CFU$, and $6.5\;{\times}\;10^{11}CFU$ in microbes in 2004. The survey results about how to possess the LMO were very unreliable, because only 10.6% of the researchers returned the questionnaires. Consequently, we strongly suggest the scientific organizations as well as scientists should have more interests in biosafety of LMO research and an LMO biosafety management system should be developed for Korea's future biotechnology.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2017

Optimum concentrations of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl were determined for a species of adult marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, over a range of salinity conditions, and investigated in a transport simulation experiment by analyzing various water and physiological parameters. Research indicated that the higher the concentration of anesthetic at each salinity, the shorter the anesthesia time at each salinity. At each concentration, fish were anesthetized slower at water salinities over 10 ppt (P<0.05). Anesthesia time at 10 ppt was faster than any other salinity. In 10 ppt salinity, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and respiratory frequencies of the clove-oil-administered groups decreased until 48 hours (P<0.05), whereas the $NH_4{^+}$ and $CO_2$ concentrations increased until 48 hours (P<0.05). In same period, the DO, $NH_4{^+}$, and $CO_2$ concentrations and respiratory frequencies all decreased as the clove oil concentration increased (P<0.05). The trends in the DO, $NH_4{^+}$, and $CO_2$ concentrations and respiratory frequencies in the lidocaine-HCl-administered groups were similar to those in the clove-oil-administered groups. In conclusion, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl are effective anesthetics, improving the transportation of the marine medaka. The results from this study will contribute to safe laboratory handling of the marine medaka, which are commonly required by many research studies and experiments.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

Biotechnology is certainly one of the major landmarks in the 20th century history of science. It may produce enormous utility to human beings, but at the same time, it carries huge potential risks to the environment and public health. Thus, with a view to securing safety for the environment and public health in relation to the development and use of living modified organisms (LMOs), the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted, in which a regulation Procedure as to the transboundary movements, transportation, handling, and use of LMOs were drawn up. In order to prepare for the entry into force of the Protocol, the Republic of Korea legislated the "Act on the Transboundary Movements of living modified organisms(hereinafter referred as the 'Act')" in Mar 2001, and has pre-announced the enactments of the enforcement ordinance and the enforcement regulation to the Act. Pursuant to the Act, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, as a Competent National Authority, is making efforts to implement domestic biosafety schemes in cooperation with other bio-related government ministries. In order for these efforts to reap fruits, industry, academia, and research institutions should cooperate with one another, and civic groups and NGOs should narrow the differences in opinions and timely respond to the fast-changing situations. Focusing on the precautionary principle, the Protocol puts a great emphasis on the importance of information sharing amongst countries, and the Act also follows this principle. In order to gurantee biosafety, countries around the world, including the ROK, agreed to establish National Biosafety Clearing, designed to provide the information on the export/import of LMOs, R'||'&'||'Ds, risk assessment, safety control, etc. and register it on the CBD Central Biosafety Clearing House.e.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.420-425
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• 2018

We characterized egg development and investigated the effects of temperature on embryonic development time, in the convict cichlid Amatitlania nigrofasciata. Fertilized eggs of this species have an ovoid shape (horizontal axis, $1.56{\pm}0.02mm$; vertical axis, $1.26{\pm}0.04mm$) and smooth translucent chorion surrounded by a layer of mucous secretion. At $27{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, the first cleavage, blastula, gastrula and 16-somite stages of A. nigrofasciata eggs began at 1.5, 4.83, 14 and 40 hours after fertilization, respectively. We measured the development rate of embryos at $12-33^{\circ}C$ and found that the time period from fertilization to hatching was 94 hours at $24^{\circ}C$, 64 hours at $27^{\circ}C$ and 50 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. At temperatures of $12-21^{\circ}C$, all fertilized eggs died before hatching and those incubated at $33^{\circ}C$ died immediately after hatching.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the mitotic intervals (${\tau}_0$) of two consecutive cell divisions and synchronous embryonic cleavage in grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles at different water temperatures (18, 20, 22, and $24^{\circ}C$). The color of the fertilized egg was light yellowish. The egg type was demersal and unadhesive. Egg weight was $0.09{\pm}0.002mg$. The sizes of unfertilized eggs were smaller than fertilized eggs in major axis and minor axis at $20^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). The size of the fertilized egg of $18^{\circ}C$ water temperature group at the blastodisc stage was the smallest (p<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in the other water temperatures group except $18^{\circ}C$ water temperature group (p>0.05). The first cleavage stages at 18, 20, 22, and $24^{\circ}C$ were at 75, 90, 105, and 120 mins, respectively. As water temperature was increased, embryonic development and formation time of the first cleavage furrow were accelerated. There were negative correlation between ${\tau}_0$ and water temperature for grass puffer (Y=-1.225X+70.05, $R^2=0.988$, n=10, where Y was ${\tau}_0$ and X was temperature). This study confirmed that successful hatching of grass puffer was related to water temperature. Chromosome manipulation will be helpful for this species using cleavage frequency and ${\tau}_0$.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.226-249
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• 2016

The symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm is an effective metaheuristic developed in 2014, which mimics the symbiotic relationship among the living beings, such as mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, to survive in the ecosystem. In this study, three modified versions of the SOS algorithm are proposed by introducing adaptive benefit factors in the basic SOS algorithm to improve its efficiency. The basic SOS algorithm only considers benefit factors, whereas the proposed variants of the SOS algorithm, consider effective combinations of adaptive benefit factors and benefit factors to study their competence to lay down a good balance between exploration and exploitation of the search space. The proposed algorithms are tested to suit its applications to the engineering structures subjected to dynamic excitation, which may lead to undesirable vibrations. Structure optimization problems become more challenging if the shape and size variables are taken into account along with the frequency. To check the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, six different planar and space trusses are subjected to experimental analysis. The results obtained using the proposed methods are compared with those obtained using other optimization methods well established in the literature. The results reveal that the adaptive SOS algorithm is more reliable and efficient than the basic SOS algorithm and other state-of-the-art algorithms.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.275-289
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• 2023

지난 2008년 유전자변형생물체 관련 법이 공식 발효된 이후 연간 평균 일천만톤 정도의 유전자변형 옥수수, 콩, 면실, 카놀라 등이 수입되고 7개 작목에서 약 191건에 대한 수입 승인 절차가 진행되었다. 이중 후대교배종을 제외한 약 90건은 인체, 작물재배환경, 자연생태환경, 해양수산환경의 4개 분야의 협의심사를 통한 위해성심사가 수행되었다. 해외에서 생산된 유전자변형작물을 한국으로 수출하는 주요 이해 당사자인 개발사들은 협의심사의 절차적 비효율성, 위해성 평가의 본질에서 벗어난 협의기관의 관점이 반영된 심사, 식품사료가공용 용도에 맞지않는 과도한 심사, 친숙성과 실질적동등성을 반영하지 아니한 한국 특이적인 보완자료 요구 등의 문제를 제기하였다. 이에 대하여 협의심사를 담당하는 부처/기관은 국내로 알곡 형태로 수입되는 유전자변형작물의 빈번한 비의도적 환경방출 사례를 근거로 한국의 기후와 자연환경을 반영한 심사가 필요함을 주장하였다. 또한 협의심사를 담당하는 부처는 국제적 지침에 따라서 위해성 평가의 원칙과 방법에 근거하여 소관 부처의 전문성을 반영하는 심사를 수행함을 주장하였다. 본 논문은 이들 유전자 변형작물이 식품, 사료(농업), 또는 가공(산업) 용도로 수입되는 친숙한 농업 작물으로 안전하게 이용된 사실에 근거하여, 논란이 되어온 농업용 용도에 해당되는 위해성평가 세부 몇개 항목에 대해 합리적인 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 대안들이 현재의 LMO법 규정의 범위 내에서 주요이해당사자의 이해충돌을 완화할 수 있는 현실적인 대안이 되기를 기대한다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.688-694
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• 2007

To evaluate the human risk of long-term intake of genetically modified (GM) rice, we carried out RT-PCR of housekeeping genes. Housekeeping genes, which show highly uniform expression in living organisms during various stages of development and under different environmental conditions, were normalized by RT-PCR. We assessed the expression of 10 common housekeeping genes (18s rRNA, 25S rRNA, UBC, UBQ5, UBQ10, ACT11, GAPDH, eEF-$1{\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-TUB, GAPDH, ${\beta}$-actin, B2m, G6pd2, Gyk, Gus, Hprt, Cyclophlin A, Tfrc, ${\alpha}$-tubulin and RPL13A) in the liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidney and spleen of mice fed GM or non-GM rice. We found no significant differences in the expression of housekeeping genes between the two groups of mice.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2023

Revolutionary advancements, such as the reduction in DNA sequencing costs and genome editing, have transformed biotechnology, fostering progress in manipulating biomolecules, engineering cells, and computational biology. Agriculture and food production have significantly benefited from tools like high-throughput microarrays, accelerating the selection of desired traits. Genetic engineering, especially utilizing genome editing, facilitates precise alterations in plants and animals, harnessing microbiomes and fostering lab-grown meat production to alleviate environmental pressures. The emergence of new biotechnologies, notably genome editing, underscores the necessity for regulatory frameworks governing LM (living modified) organisms. Global regulations overseeing genetically engineered or genome-edited (GE) organisms, encompassing animals, exhibit considerable diversity. Nonetheless, prevailing international regulatory trends typically exclude genomeedited plants and animals, employing novel biotechnological techniques, from GMO/ LMO classification if they lack foreign genes and originate through natural mutations or traditional breeding programs. This comprehensive review scrutinizes ongoing risk and safety assessment cases, such as genome-edited beef cattle and fish in the USA and Japan. Furthermore, it investigates the limitations of existing regulations related to genome editing in Korea and evaluates newly proposed legislation, offering insights into the future trajectory of regulatory frameworks.