• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1996

Environmental impact assessment survey reflecting farmers` opinion on the residence and production space in rural settlement area by ORD showed that more than 86% of respondents thought their reservoirs and waterways (small rivers) were getting seriously contaminated primarily by garbage and livestock manure. A typical rural settlement unit was taken to assess the impact of improper management of livestock manure in the farms on the water quality of small river flowing down along the villages where swine and dairy farms were situated in Daejook 2, 3-ri, Seolseong-myun, Icheon-gun. Nitrogen compounds such as NO$_3$-N, NO$_2$-N, NH$_3$-N, and phosphorus compound H$_x$PO$_4$, DO, BOD$_5$, COD, and microbial density were analyzed to evaluate water quality at five test sites designated along the water stream. Tests showed. for example, BOD$_5$ at site 4 was average 9.2mg/l which was about 3~8 times higher than that of observation site 2 and 3, at which most livestock houses were situated. This is a clear evidence that the nutrients of livestock manure illegally discharged to small river can lead to an eutrophication of the river at downstream. A soil absorption system with aeration could be one of alternatives to treat the contaminated wastewater by livestock manure. The place at downstream, inbetween observation site 1 and 2, could be the best construction site for the treatment facility from the standpoint of the overall treatment efficiency, An enclosed composting system can also be regarded as a good alternative for treatment of the sludge which is the by-product of the soil absorption system operation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.307-326
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• 2009

The present study suggests a concept of resources circulation type agriculture and a concept of a livestock zone related to it and evaluated economical efficiency about a possibility of the resources circulation type livestock zone based on the concept. As a result, when the resources circulation type livestock zone is operated in an area of 1,300ha, it was evaluated that the profit of 11,244 hundred thousand won per year is generated, compared to the conventional agriculture. When light and heat expenses and roughage of Hanwoo production, production of TMR forage as well as income of the energy and composting business of livestock manure at the recycling center were considered in addition to that, it was judged that the present zone development bushiness has enough business feasibility. However, it is necessary that the support regulations, etc. is constructed so that all produced compost byproducts are used at farmhouses and the system related to facility investment assurance and assistance of operating expenses is maintained. It is thought that the complement of a system is also necessary so that energy or power generation expenses can be operated in the same conditions as other new & renewable energy, and the nation's purchase of carbon credits(CDM) is investigated and systemized in the early period, and construction of a revitalization plan of the business through budget securing of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry related to the trade of CDM and carbon emission rights is also a business that should be urgently developed. In the future, the change of an outside environment will further promote use of the energy. Also, as people, who don't know agriculture. farm village, increase day by day because of population concentration in a city, an opportunity that can new added value through experience tourism or educational programs utilizing them is increasing. Accordingly, if programs utilizing social characteristics, such as utilization as a space of tourism. leisure. experience, system construction of bio-energy and system construction that Micro Grid or Smart Grid as a dispersed storage and generation system is stabilized, are constructed, it can be said that revitalization or success conditions of the zone is further achieved.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.654-661
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• 2017

Recently, a low-impact development (LID) technic such as a wetland has been proposed as a Nature-friendly process for reducing pollutants caused by livestock wastewater. Therefore, the Daphnia magna toxicity was analyzed for livestock wastewater samples, to determine if a wetland system would also be effective in reducing this ecotoxicity. In the present study, acute D. magna toxicity was not significantly dependent on the presence and type of reed, nor type of media. However, when treated with construction wetlands, ecotoxicities decreased as well as TN, TP and COD concentrations. Therefore, it is considered that a construction wetland system with bio reeds and bio-media as well as general reeds would be effective to reduce the ecotoxicity of livestock wastewater. To apply a wetland system as the subsequent treatment process to a livestock waste water treatment facility, it is necessary to perform an integrated evaluation such as treatment efficiency and the ecotoxicity test for various characteristics of livestock wastewater.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 1998

Controlling malodor originating from livestock feces has become a major issue, due to its influence on the health of man and livestock, together with its influences on atmospheric pollution. In this study, Five types of biofilters filled with saw-dust, night soil, fermented compost, leaf mold and a mixture(a compound of night soil, fermented compost and leaf mold at the same rates, respectively) were manufactured and tested. To study the effect of the biofilter on reducing malodor in a composting facility and swine building, a pilot scale composting facility enclosed with polyethylene film was constructed. Swine feces was composted in the facility and malodorous gas generated from the decomposition of organic matter in the feces was gathered by vacuum pump. Each biofilter achieved 87∼96% NH3 removal efficiency. This performance was maintained throughout 10 days of operation. The highest NH3 removal efficiency was achieved by leaf mold on the first day of operation period. It reduced the concentration of NH3 by about 96%. Night soil and fermented compost showed nearly equal performance of 93 to 94% for 10 days from the beginning of operation. The mixture achieved the lowest NH3 removal efficiency. It reduced NH3 concentration by about 89∼94% for 10 days from the beginning of operation. However NH3 removal efficiency of each biofilter declined with the passage of operational time. After 30 days from the beginning of operation, NH3 removal efficiency of each biofilter of each biofilter was below 60%, respectively. The concentration of H2S and CH3-SH originating from compost were equal to or less than 5mg/l and 3mg/l, respectively. After passing throughout the biofilter, the concentration of H2S and CH3-SH were not detected.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.662-669
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• 2017

This study evaluated the ecotoxicological properties of livestock waste water treated by a LID (Low Impact Development) system, using a mixture of bio-reeds and bio-ceramics as suitable bed media for a subsequent treatment process of a livestock wastewater treatment plant. The relationship between the pollutant reduction rate and the ecotoxicity was analyzed with the effluents from the inlet pilot plant, with vegetated swale and wetlands and the batch type of an infiltration trench. Each pilot plant consisted of a bio process using bio-reeds and bio-ceramics as bed media, as well as a general process using general reeds and a bed as a control group. The results indicated that, after applying the HRT 24 hour LID method, the ecotoxicity was considerably lowered and the batch type pilot plant was shown to be effective for toxicity reduction. The LID method is expected to be effective for water quality management, considering ecotoxicity by not only as a nonpoint source pollution abatement facility but also, as a subsequent treatment process linked with a livestock manure purification facility. It is necessary to take the LID technic optimization study further to apply it as a subsequent process for livestock wastewater treatment.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.398-408
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• 2021

Since COVID-19, the world's food shortage population has more than doubled from 130 million to 270 million. In addition, as various issues related to the food industry such as climate change arise, the importance of agriculture and livestock is increasing. In particular, it is still difficult to utilize data generated in these field. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explain the limitations of using data based on fragmentary analysis and the necessity of Digital Twin. The additional objective was to propose an architecture and necessary technologies of a Digital Twin platform suitable for agricultural and livestock. It also proposed a Digital Twin-based service that could be used in the near future, such as labor reduction, productivity improvement, personalized consumption, transportation, and distribution by incorporating intelligent information convergence technology into facility horticulture and livestock farming.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of new foot-bath facility and detergent solution (sodium molylbdenate, citrate, potassium nitrate, tataric acid, sodium hypo-cholorite, and zinc sulfate) on claw health in lactating dairy cows. Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of copper sulphate were 0.31% for E. coli and Bacillus isolated from cows claw. The MIC and MBC of new detergent for E. coli were 1.25% and 5%, respectively, however their respectively values for Bacillus were noticed 0.63% and 2.5%. Both 5E. coli and Bacillus populations in petri-dishes were significantly reduced (more than 95%) with the application of new detergent solution (5% or 16%). Locomotion score (LS 1-5; very good to severely bad) of lactating cows were significantly improved with in 30 days with the use of new detergent solution in foot bath. The LS2 (n=16), LS3 (n=16), and LS4 (n=7) were shown 100%, 43.8%, and 14.3% recovery rate within 30 days with the use of new detergent solution. However, LS5 (n=2) were not recovered to normal claw health and locomotion score within 30 days of new detergent application. Usage of new detergent solution for 60 days in a foot bath have shown 81.3%, 71.4% and 50.0% recovery rate in cows with LS3, LS4 and LS5, respectively. Abnormal claw incidence was reduced from 18.8% to 1.5% in overall herd (n=80) with the use of new detergent solution (16%) in a foot bath for 90 days. In conclusion, usage of 16% of our detergent solution for 60 days in a foot bath can significantly improve the cow claw health and thus mitigate the negative effects of abnormal claw on productivity of cows and dairy farm income.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2014

This paper is to develop the process suitable for the advanced treatment of liquid fertilizer from the livestock night soil treatment facility (biogas plant). Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process was used, respectively, for the advanced treatment of liquid fertilizer. And membrane bioreactor (MBR) with and without biomedia were tested, respectively, for the pretreatment. It was found that almost T-N of the liquid fertilizer was composed of ammoniacal nitrogen. Transmembrane pressure of MBR with biomedia increased slowly during the operation time, while that of MBR without biomedia increased rapidly at the initial time. But there was no difference observed in the removal efficiencies of COD, T-N, and T-P irrespective of the dosage of biomedia. When the liquid fertilizer was pretreated by MBR with biomedia, the removal efficiencies of COD, T-N, and T-P were 99.8, 86.5%, and 99.8% by NF, and 99.9, 86.8%, and 99.8% by RO, respectively. Compared with the effluent quality standards of the livestock night soil treatment facility, the water quality treated by MBR and NF/RO process met the standard for COD and T-P, but exceeded the permitted standard for T-N. In order to meet the effluent quality standard for T-N, it is necessary to change the MBR operation cycle or to add the secondary treatment by NF/RO.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2019

We investigated influence of connected influent on the treatability of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), recently accepting effluent from a sludge carbonization facility. Based upon the pollutant loading rates (kg/d) of each connected influent, food waste leachate and livestock wastewater contributed to high BOD and COD loadings, while sludge carbonization facility effluent certainly contributed to T-N and $NH_3-N$ loadings. The nitrification rate in aerobic tank decreased to 55% with the carbonization facility effluent entering to the WWTP, while it was 89% with no carbonization facility effluent entering. The sludge carbonization facility effluent may need to be pretreated to reduce T-N and $NH_3-N$ loadings before entering to the WWTP for further treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.989-998
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the content and compensation factors of 337 cases of national environmental disputes from five recent years (2000~2014). Causes of damage were noise-vibration in 234 cases (69%), sunlight in 48 cases (14%), air pollution in 19 cases (6%), water pollution in 15 cases (4%), odor in 13 cases (4%), and others factors in 8 cases (3%). Sources of damage were construction in 224 cases (66%), structures in 36 cases (11%), vehicle on road in 31 cases (9%), industry in 18 cases (5%), environmental facility in 11 cases (3%), livestock facility in 6 cases (2%), and other sources in 11 cases (3%). From the results of logistic regression analysis, important factors associated with compensation were found to be damage amount, damage distance, zoning districts, source, and administrative disposition.