• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1995

To study the immunotoxicity of mouse injected with fungal mycotoxin, T-2 toxin (Fusarium mycotoxin) was treated to 6 week-old female C3H/He mouse and the body, organ weight and morphological change were investigated. The weights of body, liver and kidney of mouse injected the 2 mg/kg of toxin was decreased to 17, 20 and 3%, respectively, compared to control animal and the comsumption of feed was also decreased with lapsing the time. The fat dropleting phenomenon and destruction of Golgi apparatus in liver and histopathological changes of tissue and mitochondria in small intestine were found by scanning electron microscopic observation.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study is to determine whether Schisandra chinensis (SC) has a protective effect on high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver including hepatic lipid accumulation in rats. The HFD-induced obese rats were weighed after SC extracts were administered through the gastrointestinal tract at a concentration of 250 mg/kg b.w/day for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, all of the rats on a high fat-diet were 36.5% heavier compared with normal controls. In contrast, rats on a high-fat diet supplemented with SC were 23.5% lighter than rats fed only a high-fat diet. Although there was no significant difference in food intake among the groups during the experimental diet period, the body weight gain of the SC group was significantly lower than the weights of the HFD groups. SC treatment slightly decreased the liver weight. Reduction of hepatic TBARS contents by SC was observed in rats fed a diet containing SC, and antioxidant activity was markedly increased in HFD＋SC group compared to those of HFD group in liver. Moreover, total-lipid and triglyceride contents in the liver of groups fed a diet containing SC were significantly lower compared to those of the HFD group. High fat feeding elevated liver cholesterol concentration, but the addition of SC to the HFD rats resulted in the significant decrease in liver cholesterol. In histological observation of liver tissues, the hepatocytes of HFD rats showed a typical fatty liver morphology showing numerous lipid droplets in cytoplasm, whereas administration of SC reduced the size and numbers of lipid droplets. These results clearly demonstrated the attenuation of SC on nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by obese rats fed HFD.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2001

Aggregates of specific cells are often regarded as better from in artificial organs and mammalian cell bioreactors in terms of cell-specific functionality. In this study, the morphology and liver specific functions of freshly harvested primary rat hepatocytes, which were cultivated as spheroids and entrapped in a synthetic thermo-reversible extracellular matrix, were examined and compared to a control (hepatocytes in single cell form). A copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide(98 mole % in feed) and acrylic acid (poly (NiPAAm-co-AAC)), a thermo- reversible copolymer gel ma- trix, was used to entrap hepatocytes either in spheroids or single cells. During a 7-day culture pe-riod, the spheroids maintained higher viability and produced albumin and urea at a relatively con-stant rate, while, the single cell culture showed a slight increase in cell numbers and a reduction in albumin secretion Hepatocytes cultrured as spheroids present a potentially useful three-dimensional cell culture system for application in bioartificial liver device.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2021

Over 30 million prescriptions of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are issued every year. Considering that these drugs are available without a prescription as over the counter (OTC) drugs, their use will be astronomical. With the increasing use of NSAIDs, their adverse effects are drawing attention. Especially, stomach bleeding, kidney toxicity, liver toxicity, and neurological toxicity are reported as common. Ibuprofen, one of the extensively used NSAIDs along with aspirin, can also induce liver toxicity, but few studies are addressing this point. Here we examined the liver toxicity of ibuprofen and investigated whether co-exposure to ethanol can manifest synergistic effects. We employed 2D and 3D cultured human hepatoma cells, HepG2 to examine the synergistic hepatotoxicity of ibuprofen and alcohol concerning cell viability, morphology, and histology of 3D spheroids. As a result, ibuprofen and alcohol provoked synergistic hepatotoxicity against hepatocytes, and their toxicity increased prominently in 3D culture upon extended exposure. Oxidative stress appeared to be the mechanisms underlying the synergistic toxicity of ibuprofen and alcohol as evidenced by increased production of ROS and expression of the endogenous antioxidant system. Collectively, this study has demonstrated that ibuprofen and EtOH can induce synergistic hepatotoxicity, providing a line of evidence for caution against the use of ibuprofen in combination with alcohol.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2695-2698
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• 2012

Introduction: Design and implementation of screening programs in each country must be based on epidemiological data. Despite the relatively high incidence of CRC, there is no nationwide comprehensive program for screening in Iran. This study was designed to investigate national CRC data and help to determine guidelines for screening. Methods: Incidence data used in this study were obtained from Iranian annual of National Cancer Registration report. Age standardized rates (ASR)were calculated using world standard population and were categorized by age, sex, anatomic subsite and morphology of tumor. Data were analyzed using SPSS.V.13 and Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health software (OpenEpi v.2.3.1). Results: A quarter of cases were less than 50 years of age. The majority of tumors were detected in the colon. The overall ASR in the four years period was 38.0 per 100000 and was higher for men compared women (P<0.05). Incidence rate of colorectal cancer increased with age. Conclusion: Results of present study indicated that incidence of colorectal cancer is relatively high in Iran. Incidence of CRC in people under 50 years and in rectum were reported higher than other countries that related etiologic factors should be investigate in further studies. According to the increasing of ASR after age 50 years, it seems that onset of screening at age 50 would be appropriate.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2010

The present study investigated the effect of silymarin, a flavonoid, on streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic dyslipidaemia in rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Silymarin (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) was orally administered to diabetic rats for a period of 15 days. Blood glucose levels, serum lipid profile and liver glycogen levels were estimated following the established procedures. Biochemical observations were supplemented with histological examination of liver sections. Oral administration of silymarin to diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the blood glucose levels ($259.99{\pm}23.64$ vs. $99.90{\pm}2.62$ [25 mg] & $89.17{\pm}3.32$ [50 mg]). The most interesting finding was the significant (p < 0.001) increase in HDL-cholesterol levels ($26.99{\pm}0.61$ vs. $40.55{\pm}0.52$ [25 mg] & $41.12{\pm}0.37$ [50 mg]) whereas, there was a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TCh), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels observed in silymarin treated diabetic rats. STZ treatment caused significant degeneration of liver parenchyma, which was normalized to near normal morphology by administration of silymarin. The findings indicate that silymarin effectively improved the overall lipid profile and restored the glycogen stores in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats, in a dose dependent manner. The results indicate existence of abnormalities in lipid metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats and suggest a protective effect of silymarin in this animal model.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

Demand for in vitro pharmacological evaluation and toxicity test using human hepatocytes has been increasing. In USA and Europe, human hepatocytes obtained from donated whole liver unsuitable for transplantation were distributed to researchers and deposited in cell bank facility as cryopreserved vial. In Korea, however, incidence of transplantation- inappropriate whole liver has been quite low and the whole livers almost have so severe liver disease such as fatty or fibrotic liver that cannot meet the demand. In this study we aimed to isolate human hepatocytes from liver resection surgery-originated partial liver, and assure the isolated human hepatocytes and its cryopreserved hepatocytes to be qualified for the in vitro pharmacological evaluation and drug toxicity tests. We compared those with commercially available human hepatocyte, BD $GenTest^{TM}$ by cell morphology, hepatic gene expression, urea synthesis, albumin secretion, ammonia removal, and cytochrome P450 induction activities. Changes in hepatotoxic gene expression after cryopreservation are evaluated with a typical hepatotoxic drug, acetaminophen. Consequently, the fresh hepatocytes from the partial liver and its cryopreserved hepatocytes expressed their intrinsic hepatic functions well and showed equal hepatotoxicity gene expression trend regardless to cryopreservation. Therefore, liver resection surgery-originated partial liver can be used as a useful source of human hepatocytes for various pharmacological and hepatotoxicity test.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

MCT 유발 간독성 흰쥐에 해독정기탕의 투여가 시간경과에 따른 간세포의 항산화효소 활성변화, 세포사멸 억제와 간의 조직병리학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대조군은 생리식염수를 투여하였으며, 실험군은 해독정기탕 0.9 mL을 6시간, 24시간 간격으로 경구투여 하였다. 간기능의 지표가 되는 GPT 효소 활성은 해독정기탕 투여한 6시간 군에서 대조군에 비해 감소하였다. 항산화 효소인 SOD, catalase 활성도의 변화에 있어서도 6시간 실험군에서 변화를 보여주었고 24시간 경과 후에는 대조군과 실험군의 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 간의 조직병리학적 관찰 결과 대조군은 심한 출혈, 간세포의 팽창과 중심정맥 내피세포의 파괴 현상이 뚜렷이 나타났으며, 24시간 경과 후에는 핵질의 응축과 사립체의 팽대현상이 현저하였다. 반면 해독정기탕 투여후 6시간 실험군은 일부 세포괴사와 세포사멸 보호 및 회복효과를 관찰하였다. 이상의 연구 결과로 보아 해독정기탕은 투여시간에 따라 간 기능회복 및 해독, 간세포의 항산화 활성변화, 세포사멸의 보호효과 약물로서 작용함이 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1981

In order to know the morphology and the function of the fat-storing cells (FSC) of the squirrels which were captured at the Pal-Gong mountain near Taegu in December, 1980 (Group A) and May, 1981 (Group B), respectively, the light and electron microscopic observations were conducted on the liver of the squirrels. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Light microscopically, the size of the lipid droplets in the FSC of group A was uniformly larger than those in the cells of group B, and number of the droplets in the FSC of group A was less than those in the cells of group B, The distribution of the FSC of group A was mainly perilobular area while those of group B was centrolobular and midzonal areas. In this point of view, the FSC of the squirrels was similar to those cells of the hamsters. 2. Electron microscopically, general morphology of the sqirrel's FSC was accorded with those of the other mammals. However, the rouph surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the FSC of group B was more dilated than those in the cells of group A, and more lipid droplets and pinocytopic vesicles were observed in the FSC of group B than those in the cells of group A. 3. From the above evidences, it could be suggested that the metabolic rates in the FSC of the squirrels collected in the spring were higher than those in the cells of the animals collected in the winter.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

Acanthopanax divaricatus (Siebold & Zucc.) Seem. var. albeofructus (ADA), a traditional medical herb, has been used to treat arthritis and muscular injury, to strengthen muscle and bone, and to get vital energy. However, information regarding its toxicity is limited. ADA was administered by oral gavage to groups of rats at doses of 0 (control), 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, and 3,000 mg/kg five times per week for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, necropsy, histopathological finding, vaginal cytology, and sperm morphology were compared between control and ADA-treated groups. Salivation was intermittently observed in both sexes receiving 2,500 and 3,000 mg/kg directly after dosing. Absolute liver weights increased in females receiving 2,000, 2,500, and 3,000 mg/kg ADA (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively) and so did the relative liver weights (P < 0.001). Salivation and increased liver weight were ADA-related changes but not considered to be adverse effects. Salivation was intermittent and transient, and the liver weight increase was minor and not accompanied by other changes such as hepatic morphological or functional alterations. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level was determined to be at least 3,000 mg/kg in both sexes of rats.