• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2001

기존의 미세주입 및 정자 electroporation에 의한 보다 효율적인 유전자 도입방법을 개선하여 간단하고 고효율성의 유전자 변환기술을 위한 유전자 도입장치의 시제품 개발로 다수의 난자를 전기적으로 단순화할 수 있는 상업화의 가능성을 보여주었다. 도입된 유전자는 모든 초기배에서 발현됨을 보여 주었다. 특히 난황내의 합포체세포(syncytium)에서의 transient성의 강한 발현은 전기자극에 의해 많은 수의 난자에 유전자를 도입하고 100% 발현되는 체계를 이용하여 transient 시기에서 인간 유용단백질 생산의 가능성을 타진할 수 있는 결과를 보여 주었다. 어류유전자 발현의 작동되는가를 검색하기 위해 신경세로조직특이 tubulin promoter 를 이용한 결과 gfp의 발현이 뇌주변과 척추를 중심으로 체내 전반의 신경세포내에 발현이 강하게 나타남을 보여 주었다. 한편 reporter 유전자 이외에 간세포로부터 전체 RNA를 분리시켜 vitellogenin의 분해산물인 phosvitin cDNA의 길이와 promoter지역인 1.6 kb에 대한 primer쌍들을 선정한 상태에서 PCR에 의해 각각 cDNA와 gDNA로부터 cloning 중에 있으며 human factor Ⅶ과 epidermal growth factor, vitellogenin의 3종의 target 단백 질유전자를 구축 및 검정 화인 중에 있다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

본 증례는 국내의 산란계 농장에서 사육 중이던 39일령 산란계 중추계군에서 신경 증상을 동반한 폐사를 나타내며, 부검 시 폐를 포함한 뇌, 간, 신장 등의 실질장기에서 직경 1~5 mm 크기의 황백색 결절이 다수 관찰되었다. 병리조직학적으로 다발성의 육아종성 병변이 폐, 뇌, 신장, 비장 등에서 관찰되었으며, 특히 폐의 결절 형성 및 건락성 육아종성 병변이 심한 정도로 나타나 호흡기를 통해 1차 감염이 이루어진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 육아종성 결절을 SDA에 배양하여 집락의 색을 확인하고, 균사체의 Giemsa 염색 및 조직학적 병변상에서 PAS 염색 결과를 통해 Aspergillus 속 곰팡이인 것으로 확인할 수 있었고, 배양된 균사에 대한 유전학적 검사 결과 Aspergillus flavus로 동정되었다. A. flavus 균사는 폐, 뇌, 신장 및 선위에서 병변 중심부 및 변연부 모두에서 관찰되었고, 다핵 거대세포 및 섬유아세포가 염증세포들과 함께 둘러싸고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 특히 대뇌에서의 육아종성 병변 및 그로 인한 신경 증상이 임상 증상으로 발현된 것이 본 증례의 특징적인 소견이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.237-252
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to improve the current understanding of rare earths(RE) and to provide supporting data for establishing occupational health policies by reviewing the toxicological data and issues caused by the use of RE compounds in various fields. Methods: To evaluate the potential toxicity of RE from the viewpoint of occupational health, we summarized extensive reviews of relevant articles in the toxicology(animals and cells), occupational health and safety, and epidemiologic literature. Results: Although occupational RE exposure occurs extensively from ore mining and refining to end users in various industrial applications, epidemiologic study has not been performed among workers up to now. Bioaccumulation and adverse effects of RE have also been mentioned in ore mining regions and nearby residences, but safety standards for each process are insufficient. Moreover, because new commercial recycling technology will soon be applied to various industries, regulation and policies are needed for preventing abuse of recycling. In the results of animal toxicity for a few REs(mostly cerium, lanthanum, and gadolinium), toxicities of liver, lung, blood, and the nervous system were identified due to oxidative stress, but study of long-term RE exposure is required. Understanding the dual effect for RE and discovery of biomarkers pose a scientific challenge in further mechanism studies. Conclusions: In the future, additional hazard evaluation based on animal experiments is required, alongside continuous research for developing analytical methods and discovering biomarkers. Finally, RE occupational health and safety management needs to be integrated into the sustainable use of these materials.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권2호통권125호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2001

The effect of bear bile on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice. Bear bile (100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg) was administered orally daily for 4 weeks, respectively. From the second week, $10\;{\mu}g/kg$ of TCDD was administered to the bear bile-treated animals orally once a week for 3 weeks (a total of $30\;{\mu}g/kg$). There were no specific clinical findings and significant body weight changes in all groups. Although the livers in TCDD-treated mice appeared a severe hypertrophy and many necrotic foci, and changed to yellow-brown color in gross findings, these lesions were remarkably reduced by bear bile administration. The elevated serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase due to TCDD were significantly decreased by bear bile treatment (P<0.05). The lipid peroxidation induced by TCDD was significantly prevented by bear bile administration (P<0.05). In histological examinations, there were a moderate necrosis of hepatic cells around central veins, severe cytoplasmic vacuolizations, inflammatory cell infiltrations, and remarkable fatty changes in the liver of TCDD-treated animals. However, the lesions were dose-dependently inhibited by the bear bile treatments. These findings indicate that bear bile may have a protective effect against TCDD-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 1985

관절염(또는 건초담), 발육부전증을 보이는 12주령 이하의 브로일러 종계와 브로일러에서 8주의 바이러스를 분리하여 avian reovirus로 동정하였다. 부리된 reovirus는 전자현미경에서 이중막을 갖는 구형으로 virion의 직경은 81nm였으며 한천겔침강반응에서 기지의 reovirus(S-1133 주) 및 항혈청(항 S-1133주 및 R-1주)과 반응하였다. 분리된 revirus는 혈구응집능력이 없었으며 chloroform, IUdR 및 열처리(56$^{\circ}C$, 30분)에 강한 저항성을 나타내었다. Reovirus의 감염성 측정시 계 태아섬유아세포 및 가세포배양과 Vero cell 배양에서 세포분주와 동시에 바이러스를 접종하거나 단층세포가 형성된 후접종하거나 간에 별다른 차이없이 감염 4-5일후에 end point에 도달되었다. 분리된 reovirus를 계태아간세포배양에 5-10대 계대배양한 후 $10^{5.0}$ TCI $D_{50}$의 바이러스를 10일령 발육계란의 장요막상에 접종하였을 때 평균치사시간이 국내분리주는 54-59시간인데 반하여 S-1133주는 73시간으로 약간 길었다.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.159-160
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• 2001

Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is a cellular event underlying the tumor promotion process and that treatment to prevent the down-regulation or to up-regulate GJIC is important in preventing tumor promotion. We evaluated the potential preventive effect of Mushroom Phellinus Linteus (PL) against the promoting action of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells.(omitted)

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2016

Clostridium novyi (C. novyi) is a gram positive, non-capsulated, motile, obligatory anaerobe that produces endospores. Both C. novyi type A and B produce a bacteriophage encoded lethal alpha toxin which belongs to a family of large clostridial cytotoxins. These large clostridial cytotoxins of C. novyi bind to the uncharacterized receptors on host vascular endothelial cells, which leads to the loss of integrity of the vascular endothelium with subsequent edema, refractory hypotension, organ failure, and sudden death. A total of 13 sudden death cases were submitted to Chonbuk National University-Veterinary Diagnostic Center between June and October, 2015. The samples, mainly liver, were collected in sterile vials after necropsy and processed within 12~24 hours for diagnosis, isolation and identification of C. novyi. All of the 4 gram positive samples showed amplification by PCR. Out of 4 positive samples, 3 were detected to be C. novyi type B and 1 was detected as C. novyi type A. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, 1 case (150564) showed 99% similarity with C. novyi type A while other 3 cases (150388, 150557 and 150775) presented 99% similarity with C. novyi type B. Based on the results, C. novyi was found to be prevalent in Korean pig farms and causes sudden death to finishing pigs or sows during summer season. Thus, C. novyi should be considered for differential diagnosis on sudden death cases during the summer season.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1987

This experiment was performed on mice to investigate the effects of an immunopotentiator, picibanil(PC), on the immune responses such as phagocytic activity of reticuloen-dothelial(RE) system, E rosette formation rate of splenic lmphocytes and morphological changes of lymph node tissue. Groups of mice were treated with a single(1KE/kg BW) or sequential(0.1, 0.25 and 0.5KE/kg BW for successive 3 days) intravenous injections of PC. PC treated and untreated control mice were sensitized with 50% sheep erythrocyte suspension(0.2ml/mouse) at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after PC treatment. Functional and morphological examinations were carried out 5 days after sensitization. The following results were obtained: The phagocytic activity of RE system and the weight of liver and spleen were increased significantly at 3rd, 5th and 7th day. The peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte and percent of lymphocyte and monocyte were slightly increased. The rates of E rosette formation of splenic lymphotytes, sequential PC treated groups were more increased at 3rd and 5th day in sequential PC treated groups than in single treated groups. Thereafter it returned gradually to the control level by the time of 10th day. Microscopically primary lymph follicles with indistinct germinal center (GC) were partially disrupted and the parafollicular areas were consisted of the pyroninophilic cells in control group. In PC treated group, the parafollicular areas were markedly proliferated and developments of secondary lymph follicles with enlarged and prominent GC were more pronounced in the sequential injected groups compared to single injected groups. These results indicate that PC affected not only parafollicular area of the T-cell area, but also GC of the B-cell area. It suggests that PC may potentiate both cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.209-219
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• 1996

This study examined the effect of alcohol(AL) and/or paraquat(PQ) on serum TSH, thyroid hormones and enzyme activities, and the protective effect of selenium(SE) againse alcohol and/or paraquat-induced thyroid toxicity in guinea pigs. The experomental group consisted of control, 15% alcohol(AL), 4ppm sodium selentite(SE), 200ppm paraquat(PQ), AL+PQ, AL+SE, PQ+SE and AL+PQ+SE mixed in drinking water-fed guinea pigs for 4 weeks. The morphological changes of thyroid gland were studies on paraffin-embedded sections stained with H-E stain. Body weight losses, high serum concentration in TSH and cholesterol, and low values on triiodothyronine($T_3$), thyrozine($T_4$), free $T_4$ and alkaline phosophatase(ALP) were produced in the groups fed AL and/or PQ. We also noted that AL+PQ-fed group was marked increase in serum TSH. In AL or AL+PQ-fed groups when cpmpared to control group had increased the ratio of thyroid weight to body weight(ratio Twt/Bwt), whereas the ratio Twt/Bwt was decresed in SE or PQ-fed groups. However, the serum TSH, $T_3$,$T_4$ free $T_4$ and cholesterol values, and the ratio Twt/Bwt were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL and/or Pq-fed groups, also ALP values were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL or AL+PQ-fed groups. In microscope, morphological changes showed a remarkable between the AL or PQ-fed group and controls. In AL+PQ+SE-fed guinca pig, follicular colloid is high density in thyroid follicle and increased in connective tissue around the thyroid cells, and thyroidal epithelia were composed of cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The indicated that the morphological changes of thyroid were direct action in the thyroid cell. The results of this study confirmed that the toxic effect of AL or PQ on thyroid occur independently of changes in liver function, and that SE confers marked protection against AL or PQ-induced thyroid toxicity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 1983

[ $1-{\beta}-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine$ ](ara-C), which is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog is cytotonic to mammalian cells in culture and is active in vitro and in vivo against a variety of DNA viruses. The precise mechanism of action of ara-C has not been determined, although ara-C is thought to act as an antimetabolite, interfering with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). Cytosine arabinoside originally seemed to act principally by inhibiting the conversion of cytidine to deoxytidine, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis. But recent data suggest that effects upon DNA polymerase and effects via incorporation into DNA and RNA may well be of equal importance. The author have demonstrated the effect of cytosine arabinoside on the hepatocytes of albino mice treated with ara-C, observing changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes. A total of 120 healthy male albino mice were divided into the control and ara-C treated groups. The animals of the ara-C group were given 10mg. per kg of body weight of mouse ara-C in physiological saline solution and the animals of control group were given physiological saline solution, intraperitoneally. After an administration of ara-C or physiological saline solution, the animal were killed at. interval of 6, 12, and 24 hours. The specimens, which were obtained from the left anterier lobe of the liver, were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with JEM 100B electron microscope. The results were obtained as follow: A pronounced dilatation, sacculation and fragmentation of the cisterane of rough endoplasmic reticulum with dissociation of membrane bound-ribosomes, disaggregation of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm, proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with depletion of glycogen paracles, atrophies of Golgi complex, production of numerous lipid droplets, and formation of antophagic vacuoles, multivesicular bodies and residual bodies are recognized in the hepatocytes of ara-C treated mice. Consequently it is suggested that cytosine arabinoside would induce a changes of the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes in albino mice.