• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2019

Hepatic fibrosis is a common chronic liver diseases, characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is proliferative and fibrogenic and accumulating ECM. Transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}1$ is a critical mediator of HSC activation and ECM accumulation leading to fibrosis. Tenebrio molitor (TM), known as yellow mealworms, is reported in many countries as the nutritional value of foods. Our study has aims of finding liver function improvement effect of S. cerevisiae fermented Tenebrio molitor (SCTM) in vitro model. SCTM regulates $TGF-{\beta}1$ induced hepatic fibrosis via regulation of the $TGF-{\beta}1/Smad$ signaling. Also, we compared the components increased by yeast fermentation. It is possible to make a useful insect-derived alternative food in the improvement of hepatic liver disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3627-3630
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• 2012

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a pan-epithelial differentiation antigen that is expressed on almost all carcinomas. However, a role in rat liver carcinogenesis has never been reported previously. Thus, its expression was investigated herein in rat liver tumors induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Twenty male 5-week-old F344 rats were used in this experiment. Mini-osmotic pumps containing doses of 47.5 mg of DEN were inserted into the abdominal cavity of each animal to initiate liver carcinogenesis. All animals were sacrificed at 26 weeks after DEN treatment. At necropsy, hepatic masses were processed for histopathological examination, which revealed forty-four hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and twenty hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for EpCAM, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and co-localization of the two. EpCAM expression was mainly detected in hepatic tumor cells, showing a cytoplasmic staining pattern. However, expression was also slightly observed in normally-appearing surrounding hepatic cells. PCNA expression was highly detected in tumor cells, showing nuclear staining. Double staining of EpCAM and PCNA in tumors showed many cells with co-localization. Taken together, EpCAM and PCNA expression were increased in DEN-induced tumors and many tumor cells showed co-expression. It is suggested that EpCAM may increase during DEN-induced tumors, possibly associated with cell proliferation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

The imbalance of oxidative stress due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the pathogenesis of liver disease. To prevent this, the role of antioxidant mechanisms is important. Antioxidant studies have been reported on the Filipendula glaberrima Nakai. However, studies applied to HepG2 cells, which are human liver cells, have not yet been conducted. In this study, 70% ethanol extract of Filipendula glaberrima Nakai (FGE) was prepared and antioxidant activity was investigated. It was confirmed whether FGE pretreatment could reduce hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The increase in gene expression of antioxidant biomarkers and the scavenging ability of ROS were measured, and Hoechst 33342 staining was used to know the inhibitory effect of the apoptosis. As a result, FGE significantly increased SOD (2.6-fold), CAT (4.4-fold), MT-1A (3.1-fold), GPx (4-fold), and G6PD (2.4)-fold compared to the H₂O₂-treated group. FGE directly inhibited ROS production from 13.4 to 3.6 (the fluorescence mean of DCF-DA) and also reduced apoptotic cells from 45% to 10% (Hoechst 33342 staining) at 2.5 ㎍/mL. These results demonstrate the excellent antioxidant activity of FGE and show that it can be used as a functional food to prevent liver disease.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1986

The activity of the liver cells of greenling, Agrammus agrammus were histologically investigated under photo-and electron microscopy, and studied by comparing seasonal changes of hepatosomatic index (HSI). The materials were monthly collected at the costal area of Tongbaeksom, Pusan, Korea, from September 1983 to August 1984. The annual variations of HSI of male were not distinct, but those of HSI in female began to increase in autumn, and reached the maximum in winter when the ovary was getting mature. During the period of yolk accumulation in the oocytes, the female liver and its hepatic cells were seen to large and nuclei and nucleoli were hypertrophic also. At this time the amounts of glycogen and lipid in the cells gradually decreased, while basophilic substance (RNA) increased. And well-developed granular endoplasmic reticula binding ribosomes were supposed to play the leading role in protein synthesis and deposition for vitellogenin in the cystoplasm. Just prior to spawning, glycogen and lipid droplets were decreased, but basophilic substances(RNA) were found in a high concentration especially at the peripheral region of the liver cells of females. In the liver cells of males, were hardly altered by gonadal maturation, basophilic substances gradually increased, glycogen particles and lipid droplets were still observed in large quantities. After spawning, basophilic subtances decreased in the liver cells of female and male.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 1985

This paper dealt with the distribution of normal mast cells in the spleen, liver and lung on cattle, horses, pigs and dogs, and also degranulation of mast cells in the dogs infected with Rompun (2% Xylazine HCl). The results observed are summarized as follows. Normal mast cells were distributed in spleen, liver and lung on cattle, horse, pig and dog. Mast cells were observed in both red pulp and surroundings of white pulp of the spleen in horse, in the white pulp of the spleen in cattle, in the trabeculae of the spleen in pigs, and in white pulp and red pulp of the spleen in dogs, respectively. Mast cells were observed in the portal triad of the liver in cattle and horses, in both portal triad and interlobular connective tissues of the liver in pigs, and not only the portal triad but also walls of the sinusoids and the central veins in dogs. A large number of mast cells were observed in the interlobular septa and peribronchioles of lung on all the species in this experiment. The mast cells are more numerous in the lungs than other organs. Author considers that numbers of normal mast cells distributed in the tissue is related to the dosage of Rompun in animal. The degranulation of mast cells were observed in the subcutaneous tissues of dog intramuscularly injected with Rompun(0.5ml/times) for 4 or 5 times and subcutaneously injected with Rompun(0.3ml/times) for 4 times. In dog intradermally injected with 0.1ml of Rompun, mast cells were decreased in number at 30 minutes and markedly decreased in number at 2 hours, but more or less increased in number at 3 hours after injection. In addition, the granules of the mast cells were decreased in number at 30 minutes and marked degranulation of the mast cells were recognized at 2 hours after injections, but normal mast cells begun to appear in subcutaneous tissue with the lapse of time from 3 hours after injection. There was also observed local infiltration of neutrophils in subcutaneous tissues of dogs intradermally injected with 0.1ml of Rompun at 30 minutes. At 2 hours after injection, numerous neutrophils and a small number of eosinophils were observed in the site of injection. Conclusionally, Rompun was regarded as a factor which causes the degranulateon of mast cell and the authors considered that histamine released from the mast cells by Rompun might cause relaxation of skeletal muscle.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2439-2445
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• 2014

Cryptotanshinone (CPT), is a quinoid diterpene isolated from the root of the Asian medicinal plant, Salvia miotiorrhiza bunge. Numerous researchers have found that it could work as a potent antitumor agent to inhibit tumor growth in vitro, buith there has been much less emphasis on its in vivo role against breast tumors. Using a mouse tumor model of MCF7 cells, we showed that CPT strongly inhibited MCF7 cell growth in vivo with polarization of immune reactions toward Th1-type responses, stimulation of naive CD4+ T cell proliferation, and also increased IFN-${\gamma}$ and perforin production of CD4+ T cells in response to tumor-activated splenocytes. Furthermore, data revealed that the cytotoxic activity of CD4+ T cells induced by CPT was markedly abrogated by concanamycin A(CMA), a perforin inhibitor, but not IFN-${\gamma}$ Ab. On the other hand, after depletion of CD4+ T cells or blocked perforin with CMA in a tumor-bearing model, CPT could not effectively suppress tumor growth, but this phenomenon could be reversed by injecting naive CD4+ T cells. Thus, our results suggested that CPT mainly inhibited breast tumor growth through inducing cytotoxic CD4+ T cells to secrete perforin. We further found that CPT enhanced perforin production of CD4+ T cells by up-regulating JAK2 and STAT4 phosphorylation. These findings suggest a novel potential therapeutic role for CPT in tumor therapy, and demonstrate that CPT performs its antitumor functions through cytotoxic CD4+ T cells.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 1996

A 23-kDa molecular mass of antioxidant protein was purified from human liver. This protein exhibited the preventive effect against the inactivation of glutamine synthetase by a metal-catalyzed oxidation system. This antioxidant activity was supported by a thiol-reducing equivalent such as dithiothreitol in a similar manner to that of the 25-kDa thiol-specific antioxidant protein (TSA) from human red blood cells (HR). However, a thioredoxin-linked peroxidase activity of thiol-specific antioxidant protein of human liver (HLTSA) (0.91 ${\mu}mol/min/nmol$ of HLTSA) was much lower than that of thiol-specific antioxidant protein of human red blood cells (HRTSA) (16.4 ${\mu}mol/min/nmol$ of HRTSA). This HLTSA is also immnologically distinct from HRTSA Amino acid sequences of the three tryptic peptides (P1, P2, P3) of HLTSA were found to be completely homologous to segments of the known Mer5-like protein, which belongs to the known TSA family.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.28-38
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• 2002

Objectives : This study was to examine the efficacy of GCT on the hepatoprotective effect in the liver function and immune octivity. Methods : The experiment to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of GCT on the liver damage was conducted with D-galactosamine. The experiments to verify the effects of GCT on the immune activity were conducted by carbon clearance assay, plaque-forming cell SRBC assay of IgM, lymphoproliferation assay of T and B cells, and adherence and phagocytosis of mocrophages. Results: In the damage of liver induced by D-galactosamine, GCT carried hepatoprotective effect on AST. In carbon clearance assay GCT showed significant effect on phagocytosis of Kuffer cells. In the plaque-forming cell assay, GCT improved the formation of IgM. In the lymphoproliferation assay, GCT activated the formation of T and B lymphocytes. In macrophages, GCT activated adherence and phagocytosis. Conclusion : Though further study is needed, our findings suggest that GCT could be recommended as hepatoprotector and immune modulator for liver disease.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2003

Experiments were carried out to investigate the accumulation and the histopathological changes in liver of juvenile rockfish, S. schlegeli, after sub-chronic dietary Cu (0, 50, 125, 250 and 500mg/kg) exposure for 60 days. Cu accumulation in liver was significantly increased with dietary exposure period and concentration for 60 days, and has a linear relation with dietary exposure days. After 60 days of Cu dietary exposure, the Cu concentration in the liver was $75.9\pm12.05,\;126.29\pm22.11\;and\;360.44\pm45.26\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight and was approximately 11-fold, 18-fold and 51-fold higher than in the control diet group at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg Cu diet group. The accumulation factors were increased with the dietary exposure period in liver of rockfish. In the primary exposed stage, the effect of hepatic tissue in the rockfish exposed to dietary Cu observed enlargement of hepatocytes nuclei, activity of hepatic cells and the swelling of hepatic cells. While exposed time and concentration were increased, the distinct granulation, irregular shape and necrosis of hepatic cells were observed. It was observed that granule degeneration and necrosis showed a part of cells in hepatic tissue after 60 days at 500 mg/kg.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.606-613
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• 1998

Cadmium is one of the well-known environmental toxicants and induces cancer in rodents and human, but its carcinogenic mechanism has not been well demonstrated until now. Genotoxic effects of cadmium in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA1535/pSK1002 or in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells were investigated to elucidate the tumor initiating effects of cadmium. TA98, TA100 and TA1535/pSK1002 tester strains were used to detect frameshift mutation, base-pair mutation and SOS repair response, respectively, in Salmonella mutation test. Reverse mutations from histidine to $histidin^+$ of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 by $CdCl_2$ were not significantly different from control up to the maximum doses ($100{\mu}M$ and $200{\mu}M$ in TA98 and TA100, respectively) at which non-cytotoxicity was observed. DNA SOS repair responses(${\beta}$-galactosidase activity) generally did not show significant increases compared to control in both of the conditions with or without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 by $CdCl_2$. But the activities of ${\beta}$-galactosidase by $400{\mu}M$ of $CdCl_2$ in metabolic activation condition and by 130 and $400{\mu}M$ of $CdCl_2$ in non-metabolic activation condition were more decreased than those of control. DNA single strand breaks for 4hrs were observed only in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells treated with $200{\mu}M$ of $CdCl_2$. As a conclusion, $CdCl_2$ did not induce gene mutation in microbials but induce DNA single strand breaks in rat liver epithelial cells.