• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

본 연구는 산불의 근원이 된다고 하는 담배불에 의한 연소형태의 특징을 구명하고 그 현상을 해명하여 산불 방지대책의 연구자료로 기여하자는데 있다. 국산 담배 종류별 흡연자를 조사한 결과 흡연량은 개당 30mm였고, 흡연하고 버려지는 담배의 길이는 30mm정도여서 꽁초의 자연연소시간은 약 10분이 소요된다. 삼림내 퇴적층은 평균 58.2mm였고, 퇴적물량은 인간간섭이 적은 선치산이 고우언화된 계룡산에 비하여 29.6%가 더 많다. 임내 지상 가연물량은 Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissmia, Larix leptolepis등은 수세가 왕성한 15년생과 20년생 조림지에서 가연물량이 평균 2.43kg과 2.55kg으로 다소 많았다. 가연물의 착화 및 발염상태는 함수량 2~6%의 시료(C)의 Zoysia japonica와 Populus X tomentiglandulosa는 5분 이내에 발염되고, 침엽수종인 Pinus rigida와 Larix leptolepis는 착화되어 불씨는 만들어지나 자체발염은 되지 않았으며, Zoysia Japonica와 Populus X tomentiglandulosark 함유되는 혼합고엽의 시료에서는 모두 발염되어 담배둘에 의한 산불은 Zoysia japonica와 같은 건초가 가장 위험한 화원이 되겠다.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.156-159
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• 2021

Arcuphantes catillus n. sp., a new species of the genus Arcuphantes Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943 is described from Korea. The present species is distinguishable from its known similar congeners by a conspicuous proximal process and a blunt lateral process of the paracymbium, feathery tipped lamellar extension of the pseudolamella, and bowl-like posterior part of radix. The present new species was collected from the leaf litter layer of mixed forest on a hillock around rice fields with a pitfall trap.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.243-253
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• 1995

Seral changes in environmental factors and recovery of soil fertility during abandoned field succession after shifting cultivation were investigated in eastern Kangwon-Do, Korea. Relative light intensity of herb and shrub layer decreased gradually until 50 years and increased slightly thereafter. Amount of litter and nutrients derived from it were depicted as a parabola form showing the gradual increment during the first 50 years and slight decrease thereafter. Organic matter, pH value, total-N and Mg of soil were plotted as an early depletion-mid pinnacle form showing the extrems depletion during the first 10 years, abrupt increase in about 20 or 50 years and gradual decrease thereafter. Ca, Al, Mn and Na of soil were depicted as a pinnacle form showing the peak in about 20 or 50 years. Thickness and field capacity of soil increased gradually, but K and total-P did not show any tendency as succession proceeded. The soil fertility, overall capacity of soil nutrients and water for plant growth, was plotted as the early depletion-mid pinnacle form.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2011

Effects of forest thinning on community level properties have not been understood yet in Korea. We investigated regeneration patterns and trajectories after a disturbance by applying a chronosequence approach. Light availability, litter and woody debris cover, and species composition were determined for twenty 50 m line-transect samples representing a disturbance duration gradient (within 11 years). Environmental factors such as light availability and coverage of woody debris and litter changed abruptly after thinning and then returned to the pre-disturbance state. Although species richness was gained at shrub and ground layer in a limited way in both forests, cover of various functional types revealed diversity in their responses. Notably, Alnus firma stands exhibited a larger increment of cover in woody plants. Ordination analysis revealed different regeneration trajectories between natural and planted stands. Based on ordination analysis, rehabilitated stands showed movement to alternative states compared with natural ones, reflecting lower resilience to perturbation (i.e., lower stability). Our results suggest that community resilience to artificial thinning depends on properties of the dominant species. But to get more explanatory ecological information, longer-term static observations are required.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2006

The total monoterpenoid content of the pine litter layer and the availability of these compounds as inhibitors/stimulators on Polysphondylium violaceum of cellular slime molds were investigated. In order to determine the several monoterpenoids in the natural environment, we examined their concentrations in fresh, senescent, and decaying needles from 3 pine species (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. rigida) by litter bag method. Total monoterpenoid content was highest in the fresh needles, but also remained relatively high in senescent needles. The effect of monoterpenoids identified from Pinus plants on the growth of P. violaceum was studied. We tested four concentrations (1, 0.1, 0.01, and $0.001\;{\mu}g/{\mu}L$) of each compound by using a disk volatilization technique. Each compound was treated after germination of spores of P. violaceum. All of the compounds at $1\;{\mu}g/{\mu}L$ concentration had a very strong inhibitory effect on cell growth of P. violaceum. Fenchone at all concentrations, myrcene, verbenone, bornyl acetate, and limonene at low concentrations stimulated the growth of P. violaceum. These results suggest that inhibitory or enhancing effects of selected monoterpenoids depend upon the concentration of the individual compound.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.93-107
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• 2013

Construction of an artificial wetland for the growth of Sphagnum palustre with emergent macrophytes (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Zizania latifolia) was firstly tried and the growth of those plant components according to various environmental combinations has been monitored for three years. Above-ground dry weight of Z. latifolia ($1,500g/m^2$) was higher than T. angustifolia ($900g/m^2$) and P. australis ($500g/m^2$) under most environmental conditions. In overall, planted emergent macrophytes seemed to prefer polishing sand without moss peat as a substrate and relatively deep water-depth condition (20cm) rather than shallow water-depth (5cm). Despite of high calcium content in inflow water (> 15ppm) into the constructed wetland, S. palustre populations have survived in most experimental plots during the monitoring period. Substrate layer including moss peat with high surface-area might play a role as an ion-filter. After three years, relatively thicker litter-layer in Z. latifolia plots due to vigorous growth appeared to heavily depress S. palustre by physical compressing and complete shading processes. Most of all, for the continuous growth of S. palustre, physio-chemical characteristics of water and substrate must be carefully managed. In addition, companion emergent species should be also cautiously selected not to depress S. palustre by much litter production. We suggest P. australis and T. angustifolia as companion species rather than Z. latifolia.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 1993

삼림토양(森林土壤)의 비옥도(肥沃度)를 질소성분(窒素成分)의 면에서 해명하기 위한 하나의 수단으로서 서로 다른 8개(個) 토양형(土壤型)에 대하여 질소(窒素)의 형태(形態)를 검토하였다. 유기물층(有機物層) 및 광질토양층(鑛質土壤層)의 무기능질소(無機態窒素)($NH_4-N+NO_3-N$)는 전질소(全窒素)에 대한 비율이 O층(層), 표층토(表層土) 및 하층토(下層土)에서 각각 약 2%, 3.7% 및 4.1% 이었다. O층(層)에 있어서의 유기능(有機能) 질소(窒素)의 형태(形態)는 분해(分解)가 진행됨에 따라 전반적으로 aminoacid-N의 감소와 amide-N 및 hexosamine-N의 증가(增加)경향이 있었다. 공시(供試)한 O층(層)의 각층위에 있어서 가수분해성질소(可水分解性窒素)는 약 80-90%로 수종간(樹種間) 또는 층위별간(層位別間)의 큰 차이는 없었다. L층(層)에 있어서는 aminoacid-N가 가장 많아 약 40-50%에 달했으며, 가수분해성질소(可水分解性窒素)의 반(半)이상을 점하였다. Amide-N은 적었으며 약 10-23% 이었다. 이들 유기능질소(有機態窒素)의 각(各) 획분조성(劃分助成)에 있어서 수종(樹種)에 따른 영향은 크게 나타나지 않았다. 환경인자(環境因子)의 영향(影響)을 가장 크게 반영하는 O층(層) 및 표층토(表層土)에 있어서 건성형(乾性型) 토양(土壤)과 습성형(濕性型) 토양(土壤)간의 명료한 차이는 없었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

공주 근교의 15년 된 잣나무 조림지에서 물질생산을 통한 탄소고정량과 토양호흡을 통한 탄소 방출량을 조사하였다. 연 순생산량은 상대생장법에 의해 보고된 물질생산 식을 이용하여 측정하고 이것을 이산화탄소의 고정량(순 흡수량)으로 환산하였다. 토양호흡은 대조구, 뿌리제거구, 낙엽제거구로 구분하여 2001년 4월부터 2002년 4월까지 2주 간격으로 측정하였으며, 이때 토양온도, 토양수분함량도 함께 측정하였다. 이들 자료를 기준으로 잣나무 조림지의 탄소수지를 파악하였다. 조사지역 잣나무 조림지의 연 순생산량은 25.7t·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/이었으며, 이를 CO₂량으로 환산한 결과 연간 CO₂ 고정량은 42.5 t CO₂·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/이었다. 잣나무 조림지 대조구의 연간 총 호흡량은 5.0 t CO₂·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/이었다. 연간 이 산화탄소 발생량 중 낙엽층의 기여도는 전체의 32.0%, 뿌리의 기여도는 46.0%이었다. 임목밀도에 따라 연 순생산량에 차이가 있지만 본 조사지역의 경우 CO₂순 흡수량과 토양호흡에 의한 방출량의 차이는 37.5 t CO₂·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/로 삼림이 대기 중의 이산화탄소를 감소시킴을 알 수 있다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제35권3호통권99호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2002

큰 강의 하류에서 우점하는 정수식물의 분해 기작을 알기 위하여 1998년 11월부터 1999년 9월까지 낙동강하류의 수변에 분포하는 정수식물 중 우점종인 갈대와준우점종인 줄 및 애기부들의 낙엽분해속도(개방망과 폐쇄망, 부유층과 침수층)를 비교하고，　수서 무척추동물의 낙엽분해 기여도를 조사하였다. 낙엽주머니에서 채집된 수서 무척추동물은 11과 11종이었으며 평균 밀도는 $222\;ind./m^2$ (n= 792)였다. 우점종은 평균 밀도의 약 68% 이상을 차지하는 파리목 깔따구과의 Chironomus sp.(깔따구속)로 수집-모으는 기능군(collector-gather)이　우점하였다. 수서 무척추동물의 서식 밀도는 개방망보다　폐쇄망에서 높게 나타났으며 부유층과 침수층에서는 큰차이가 없었다．　낙엽주머니 내 깔따구과의 평균 밀도는 줄($180\;ind./m^2$, n= 264), 애기부들($187\;ind./m^2$, n= 264), 갈대 ($95\;ind./m^2$, n= 264) 순이었고 부유층보다 침수층에서, 개방망보다 폐쇄망에서 다소 많이 출현하였다. 50%분해에 소요되는 기간은 줄이 가장 짧고 다음은 애기부들 그리고 갈대 순으로 나타났다. 실험결과 분해율은 줄이 가장 높았으며, 애기부들이 갈대보다 조금 더 빨리　분해되었다. 그리고 3종의 낙엽 모두 분해율이 침수층에서보다 부유층에서 더 빠르게 분해되었다. 개방망과 폐쇄망에서는 분해율의 차이가 나타나지 않았다.