• Korean Business Review
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• v.13
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• pp.67-87
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• 2000

There has been remarkable growth in the study of the role played by affect in advertising in the past 16 year. The research of the role in advertising has studied in different perspectives, provide guidelines for practicers. But the evidence of these research have limits to service advertising creative strategy, because of no integrated framework. The goal is to provide broad assessment and insight of the role played by affect in advertising from academic literature. This article are discussed the concept relating affect, the type of advertising appeal, affect and context effects, affect and individual different in reponses, affect and attitude toward the ad in advertising. Finally, from a critical analysis of state knowledge, this article suggested 5 directions for future research in the recommended areas.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.397-399
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• 2015

Recently, cosmic voids have been recognized as a powerful cosmological probe. A number of studies have focused on the effects of the gravitational lensing by voids on the temperature (and in some cases polarization) anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) background at relatively large to medium scales, l ~ 1000. Many of these studies attempt to explain the unusually large cold spot in CMB temperature maps and dynamical evidence of dark energy via detections of late-time integrated Sachs Wolfe (ISW) effect. Here, the effects of lensing by voids on the CMB temperature anisotropy at small scales, up to l = 3000, will be investigated. This work is carried out in the light of the benefits of adding large catalogues of cosmic voids, to be identified by future large galaxy surveys such as EUCLID and LSST, to the analysis of CMB data such as those from Planck mission. Our numerical simulation utilizes two methods, namely, the small-de ectionangle approximation and full ray-tracing analysis. Using the fitted void density profiles and radius (RV ) distribution available in the literature from N-body simulations, we simulated the secondary temperature anisotropy (lensing) of CMB photons induced by voids along a line of sight from redshift 0 to 2. Each line of sight contains approximately 1000 voids of effective radius $RV_{,eff}=35h^{-1}Mpc$ with randomly distributed radial and projected positions. Both methods are used to generate temperature maps. The two methods will be compared for their accuracy and effciency in the implementation of theoretical modeling.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2003

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an appropriate trade-off information for the conflicting interests caused by the various factors between building owner and contractor during selecting the contractor and performing the construction work, in which the construction was contracted by open bidding from the government or private organizations. In order to propose the legitimate evidence, the differences between the domestic contract sheet of drawing change and the process of drawing change and those of the foreign countries were compared and analysed. The number of construction ordered in Youngdong area in 2001 whose construction expenses are more than 100,000,000 won is 218 items and 147,005,000,000 won in total cost. Among them, the number of 218 items whose total cost amounts to 16,705,000,000 (11.36%) is in case of increase of construction expenses due to the drawing changes, and the number of 48 items whose total cost amounts to 2,009,000,000 won (1.37%) is the case of decrease. In conclusions, the contractor could have more benefits than the building owner in case they submit the detailed estimate sheet without eliminating the increasing expenses of construction. It is shown that the building owner's loss is increasing whenever the labor cost is higher than material cost. Therefore, this thesis proposes a proper standards for the harmonious compromise between the contractor and the building owner for the problems caused by the drawing changes when the contract agreement is occurred.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

Bangryeong generally means rectangular collars at present. However, it is estimated that there would be Bangryeong in different shapes besides rectangular shape in ancient times, but there is no accurate evidence. The dispute on the shape of Bangryeong started with the records in Yegi(禮記) and Simui written during Zhou period, China, the oldest records on Bangryeong. However, there are no remains or paintings(pictorial data) accurately proving the different shapes of Bangryeong. While the new shape of Gokgeop(collar of Simui) was mentioned by Zhu Xi during Song period, it was not accurately verified. There are almost no literature, excavated objects or pictorial data on the shapes of Bangryeong which are not definitely identified. The shape of Bangryeong is identified to a certain extent by objects excavated or pictorial data during Yuan and Ming period. There will be definite reasons why Zhou Xibao and Hua Mei, the scholars in China, the y-shaped collar rolled on the chest among the objects excavated during Warring States Period as Bangryeong or Guryeong. Thus, this paper investigated the notes and description in Yegijeongui(禮記正義) and the records and notes during the Han period which are mentioned most frequently except Yegi among the records on Bangryeong. Accordingly, this paper identified that there are different shapes of Bangryeong except rectangular shape during the Han period. It is estimated that Bangyeong at that time had symmetric collars, the collars of Jikryeong which are not overlapped. The collar section after the neck section was straight. It was also said that Bangyeong was women's clothing. In other words, Bangyeong in the Han period suggests that the collar of Jikryeong was Bangryeong. As discussed above, Bangryeong has the long history and different meanings by period. However, it is very difficult to accurately define Bangryeong because there are almost no records on it. Nevertheless, Bangryeong will be discussed more in further study.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.247-260
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• 2014

The impact of folate on health and disease, particularly pregnancy complications and congenital malformations, has been extensively studied. Mandatory folic acid fortification therefore has been implemented in multiple countries, resulting in a reduction in the occurrence of neural tube defects. However, emerging evidence suggests increased folate intake may also be associated with unexpected adverse effects. This literature review focuses on contemporary issues of concern, and possible underlying mechanisms as well as giving consideration the future direction of mandatory folic acid fortification. Folate fortification has been associated with the presence of unmetabolized folic acid (PteGlu) in blood, masking of vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency, increased dosage for anti-cancer medication, photo-catalysis of PteGlu leading to potential genotoxicity, and a role in the pathoaetiology of colorectal cancer. Increased folate intake has also been associated with twin birth and insulin resistance in offspring, and altered epigenetic mechanisms of inheritance. Although limited data exists to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying these issues, elevated blood folate level due to the excess use of PteGlu without consideration of an individual's specific phenotypic traits (e.g. genetic background and undiagnosed disease) may be relevant. Additionally, the accumulation of unmetabolized PteGlu may lead to inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and other enzymes. Concerns notwithstanding, folic acid fortification has achieved enormous advances in public health. It therefore seems prudent to target and carefully monitor high risk groups, and to conduct well focused further research to better understand and to minimize any risk of mandatory folic acid fortification.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of the cognitive and affective country image of Korea on product evaluation and purchase intention for Korean products. The research model was developed from relevant literature based on the halo effect model and data was collected using a self-administered online survey of 772 Southeast Asian consumers from Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The major findings are as follows. First, analysis of variance revealed that Vietnam consumers have a significantly positive perception compared to Indonesia and Malaysia, regarding the affective country image and purchase intention towards Korean products. Second, results from structural equation model showed that the affective country image has significantly positive effects on product evaluation and purchase intention, which means the affective country image is directly and indirectly connected to purchase intention towards Korean products. However, cognitive country image only has an indirect effect on purchase intention. Third, the results of comparing path coefficient among three countries showed that the direct effect is more effective for consumers in Indonesia and Malaysia, whereas indirect effect has a stronger effect on consumers in Vietnam. Academically, this study contributes to an expansion of understanding the effects of country image by empirically proving the different roles of cognitive and affective dimensions for country image. This study provides practical implications for developing marketing communication strategies for businesses that hope to penetrate Southeast Asian countries.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.436-437
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• 2000

A 63-year-old male who had subtotal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer three months ago underwent Tc-99m bone scintigraphy for the evaluation of skeletal metastases. He had no symptoms such as fever, tenderness, or wound discharge. On physical examination, the surgical scat along the midline of the upper abdomen had keloid formation and there was no radiographic evidence of calcification. Bone scintigraphy (Fig. 1A & 1B) demonstrated all unusual linear increased uptake along the midline of the upper abdomen that corresponded to the,skin incision for subtotal gastrectomy. Usually, an incisional scar will not be visualized in Tc-99m methylene diphosphate (MDP) scintigraphy beyond two weeks after surgery.$^{1)}$ Upon reviewing the literature, there were only a few reports where localization of Tc-99m MDP in surgical scars were found two months after surgery.$^{2)}$ It was also reported that a few cases with Tc-99m MDP uptake in the keloid scar developed after surgery. Although there are several potential mechanisms that may explain the uptake of Tc-99m MDP in scar tissue, the primary mechanism in older scars is suggested to be a result of pathological calcification.$^{2)}$ Siddiqui et al$^{3)}$ suggested it could be due to microscopic calcification in small resolving hematomas. However, the primary mechanism in keloid scar is not well-known. We should obtain oblique or lateral views to differentiate the uptake in healing surgical scars from the artifactual uptake.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.173-189
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• 2001

This paper presents a framework for observable behavior that can be used as a basis for user modeling, and it reports the results of a pair of user studies that examine the joint utility of two specific behaviors. User models can be constructed by hand, or they can be teamed automatically based on feedback provided by the user about the relevance of documents that they have examined. By observing user behavior, it is possible to obtain implicit feedback without requiring explicit relevance judgments. Four broad categories of potentially observable behavior are identified : examine, retain, reference, and annotate, and examples of specific behaviors within a category are further subdivided based on the natural scope of information objects being manipulated . segment object, or class. Previous studies using Internet discussion groups (USENET news) have shown reading time to be a useful source of implicit feedback for predicting a user's preferences. The experiments reported in this paper extend that work to academic and professional journal articles and abstracts, and explore the relationship between printing behavior and reading time. Two user studies were conducted in which undergraduate students examined articles or abstracts from the telecommunications or pharmaceutical literature. The results showed that reading time can be used to predict the user's assessment of relevance, that the mean reading time for journal articles and technical abstracts is longer than has been reported for USENET news documents, and that printing events provide additional useful evidence about relevance beyond that which can be inferred from reading time. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of the reported results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.619-636
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• 2017

This research presents the relationship building between the supervisor and supervisee through the supervision process in a narrative inquiry. The supervisory relationships of the supervisor A and supervisee B, and the effects they have on the relationship between the two are described in as factual terms as possible. The results imply that genuineness and openness are the core components of relationship. Especially, in the case of a highly hierarchical relationship, where it is often easy for the supervisor to employ hidden tactics, efforts on the part of the supervisor's endeavor to develop unconditional acceptance can be helpful in establishing a more open-minded attitude. As a result, the common view in the literature that attributes relationship hierarchy to cultural factors may need to be reexamined. This research provides evidence that in the case of supervision and training in counseling, establishing an environment of acceptance, trust and rapport can help advance the supervisory relationship to a less hierarchical form.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.862-880
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• 2012

It is well known that entrepreneurial orientation of innovative enterprises influences in a positive way on the performance. As the culture of the organization is innovative and proactive, it can be more adaptive to the environment and more aggressive. According to the prior literature, however, there have been few researches on the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the technology commercialization, which can be regarded as a precedent factor of the performance of the enterprise. This research aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the technology commercialization. In addition, we examined if competitive intensity moderate the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on technology commercialization. The findings suggest that entrepreneurial orientation influence technology commercialization. However, the empirical evidence indicates that competitive intensity does not moderate the influence of the entrepreneurial orientation on technology commercialization. The results would be useful for academic and practitioners in understanding the entrepreneurship in the innovative enterprises. Several limitations of the research results were described and further research directions were suggested.