• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.15-42
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• 2024

A flexible-base coupled-two-beam (CTB) discrete model with equivalent tuned mass dampers is used to assess the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and different types of lateral resisting systems on the design of passive dynamic absorbers (PDAs) under the action of along-wind and across-wind loads due to vortex shedding. A total of five different PDAs are considered in this study: (1) tuned mass damper (TMD), (2) circular tuned sloshing damper (C-TSD), (3) rectangular tuned sloshing damper (R-TSD), (4) two-way liquid damper (TWLD) and (5) pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD). By modifying the non-dimensional lateral stiffness ratio, the CTB model can consider lateral deformations varying from those of a flexural cantilever beam to those of a shear cantilever beam. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used to generate along-wind and across-wind loads correlated along the height of a real shear wall-frame building, which has similar fundamental periods of vibration and different modes of lateral deformation in the xz and yz planes, respectively. Ambient vibration tests were conducted on the building to identify its real lateral behavior and thus choose the most suitable parameters for the CTB model. Both alongwind and across-wind responses of the 144-meter-tall building were computed considering four soil types (hard rock, dense soil, stiff soil and soft soil) and a single PDA on its top, that is, 96 time-history analyses were carried out to assess the effect of SSI and lateral resisting system on the PDAs design. Based on the parametric analyses, the response significantly increases as the soil flexibility increases for both type of lateral wind loads, particularly for flexural-type deformations. The results show a great effectiveness of PDAs in controlling across-wind peak displacements and both along-wind and across-wind RMS accelerations, on the contrary, PDAs were ineffective in controlling along-wind peak displacements on all soil types and different kind of lateral deformation. Generally speaking, the maximum possible value of the PDA mass efficiency index increases as the soil flexibility increases, on the contrary, it decreases as the non-dimensional lateral stiffness ratio of the building increases; therefore, there is a significant increase of the vibration control effectiveness of PDAs for lateral flexural-type deformations on soft soils.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

슬로싱과 같은 액체의 동적 거동을 측정하고 제어하는 연구가 다양한 공학분야에서 활발히 진행중이다. 건축공학분야에서도 건축물의 풍진동을 저감시키는 동조액체감쇠기의 연구에 액제 진동이 측정되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 파고 측정 센서의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 레이저 장비 중 LDV와 스캐닝 장비 중 갈바노미터스캐너를 이용하여 동조액체감쇠기 내의 액체 진동을 측정하는 방법을 제안하고 검증하였다. LDV가 속도와 변위를 측정하는 원리를 기술하였고 갈바노미터스캐너의 구동 원리에 따라 LDV의 단일 포인트로 다점측정이 가능한 시스템을 구성하였다. 동조 액체감쇠기의 4점 액체 진동을 측정하여 각 점의 시간 영역 데이터를 기존에 사용하던 비디오 센싱 데이터와 비교하였고 파형 분석을 통해 진행파와 정상파를 구별할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 측정 딜레이가 있는 데이터를 상호 상관을 취하여 특이값 분해를 하고 이론 및 비디오 센싱 결과와 일치하는 고유진동수와 모드형상을 도출하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2019

Different types of gas reservoir such as Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) are among the strategic infrastructures, and have great importance for any government or their private owners. To keep the tank and its contents safe during earthquakes especially if the contents are of hazardous or flammable materials; using seismic protection systems such as base isolator can be considered as an effective solution. However, the major deficiency of this system can be the large deformation in the isolation level which may lead to the failure of bearing system. In this paper, as a solution, the efficacy of an optimally designed combined vibration control system, the combined laminated rubber isolator and rotational friction damper, is investigated to evaluate the enhancement of an existing metal tank response under both far- and near-field earthquakes. Responses like impulsive and convective accelerations, base shear, and sloshing height are studied herein. The probabilistic framework is used to consider the uncertainties in the structural modeling, as well as record-to-record variability. Due to the high calculation cost of probabilistic methods, a simplified structural model is used. By using the Mont-Carlo simulation approach, it is revealed that this combined isolation system is a highly reliable system which provides considerable enhancement in the performance of reservoir, not only leads to the reduction of probability of catastrophic failure of the tank but also decrease the reservoir damage during the earthquake. Moreover, the relative displacement of the isolation level is controlled very well by this combined system.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.833-847
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• 2021

The horizontal porous baffle and its effect as an anti-slosh device have been investigated intensively in a swaying and rolling rectangular tank. To accurately assess the level at which porous baffles reduce liquid sloshing, the Matched Eigenfunction Expansion Method (MEEM) has been utilized as an analytical tool. The velocity potentials in the horizontal baffle-covered fluid region are expressed by the sum of the homogeneous and particular solutions to avoid solving the complex dispersion equation. By applying an equivalent linearized quadratic loss model, the nonlinear algebraic equation is derived and solved by implementing the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme. To prove the validity of the present theoretical model, a series of experiments have been conducted with different centered horizontal porous baffles with varying porosities and submerged depths in a swaying and rolling rectangular tank. Reasonably good agreements are obtained regarding the analytical solutions and the experiment's findings. The influence of porosity, submerged depth, and length of a centered horizontal porous baffle on anti-slosh performance have been analyzed, especially at resonance modes. The developed predictive tool can potentially provide guidelines for optimal design of the horizontal porous baffle.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.765-772
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• 2002

초고층 건물의 가속도 레벨을 줄이기 위해서 TMD, TLD, VED와 같은 다양한 진동제어장치들이 많은 국내외 연구자들에 의해 연구되고 있다. TLD는 다른 제진장치에 비해 설치의 간편함 및 유지비용이 저렴한 장점이 있다. 그러나 물의 요동을 평가함에 있어서 어려움이 있으므로 동조액체댐퍼의 동적특성에 대한 실험 및 해석적 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 TLD를 100층 규모의 초고층건물에 설치할 경우를 상정하여 자유진동실험과 백색잡음을 이용한 강제진동실험을 통하여 TLD의 제진성능을 확인하고자 하였다. TLD의 질량비, 감쇠네트수, TLD 형상비 등을 주요실험변수로 설정하였으며, 물탱크를 설치한 건물의 반응값들이 건물 단독인 경우보다 적게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 또한 질량비, 감쇠네트, 형상비가 커질수록 감쇠성능이 개선됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2018

This study examines earthquake-induced sloshing effects on liquid storage tanks using computation fluid dynamics. To achieve this goal, this study selects an existing square steel tank tested by Seismic Simulation Test Center at Pusan National University as a case study. The model validation was firstly performed through the comparison of shaking table test data and simulated results for the water tank subjected to a harmonic excitation. For a realistic estimation of the wall pressure response of the water tank, three recorded earthquakes with similar peak ground acceleration are applied:1940 El Centro earthquake, 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, and 2017 Pohang earthquake. Wall pressures monitored during the dynamic analyses are examined and compared for different earthquake motions and monitoring points, using power spectrum density. Finally, the maximum dynamic pressure for three earthquakes is compared with the design pressure calculated from a seismic design code. Results indicated that the maximum pressure from the El Centro earthquake exceeds the design pressure although its peak ground acceleration is less than 0.4 g, which is the design acceleration. On the other hand, the maximum pressure due to two Korean earthquakes does not reach the design pressure. Thus, engineers should not consider only the peak ground acceleration when determining the design pressure of water tanks.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical properties of plywood used as a thermal insulating material for LNG CCS (Liquefied Natural Gas, Cargo Containment System). It is created by bonding an odd number of parallel and perpendicular direction for preventing contraction and expansion of wood. Also plywood is widely used as LNG CCS insulating material because of its durability, light weight and high stiffness. Since LNG CCS is loaded with liquid cargo, the impact load by sloshing during operation and the wide temperature range (room temperature, low temperature, cryogenic temperature) exposed during loading, unloading should be considered. The thickness of the plywood which is used for the membrane type MARKIII was selected as the thickness of the test specimen. In this present study, plywood is analyzed by the fracture behavior and mechanical properties of plywood by temperature and grain direction. In addition, it is necessary to analyze the fracture shape and predict the fracture strain by using regression model because the critical load may cause cracks inside the tank, which may affect the leakage of cryogenic liquid.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2023

In this study, a numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the phase change behavior of a liquid hydrogen storage container. The effects of gravity direction and hydrogen filling rate on boil-off gas (BOG) in the storage container were investigated. The study employed the volume of fluid, which is the phase change analysis model provided by ANSYS Fluent (ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA, USA), to investigate the sloshing phenomenon inside the liquefied hydrogen fuel tank. Considering the transient analysis time, two-dimensional simulation were carried out to examine the characteristics of the flow and thermal fields. The results indicated that the thermal flow characteristics and BOG phenomena inside the two-dimensional liquefied hydrogen storage container were significantly influenced by changes in gravity direction and hydrogen filling rate.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 1991

3차원(次元) 탱크내에서의 유체(流體)의 슬로싱 현상(現象)에 관하여 경계적분법(境界積分法)의 패널 방법(方法)을 이용한 경계치(境界値) 문제해법(問題解法)으로 수치계산(數値計算)하였다. Shinkai는 경계요소(境界要素)의 소오스의 세기가 절점(節点) 사이에서 선형변화(線型變化)하도록 계산하였음에 반하여 본 연구에서는 삼각형(三角形)패널마다 일정(一定)한 세기의 소오스를 분포(分布)시켰다. 각(各) 시간(時間)단계에서의 소오스의 세기는 Green 정리(定理)에 의한 제2종(第2種) Fredbolm적분(積分) 방정식(方程式)을 풀어서 구하며, 시간(時間)이 경과함에 따른 수치 계산과 이에 따른 오차(誤差)의 누적을 피하기 위하여 Adam-Bashforth-Moulton 방법(方法)을 이용하였다. 강제조화(强制調和)동요하는 선박의 구형(球形)탱크가 부분적재(部分積載)된 경우에 대하여 수치(數値)계산한 결과, 자유표면(自由表面)의 높이 계산치(計算値)는 Shinkai의 결과와 비교한 바 비교적 적은 시간동안에는 잘 일치하고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 수치 계산방법(方法)의 정도(精度)를 검토하기 위하여 입력(入力) 및 출력(出力) 에너지가 보존(保存)되는지를 확인하여 보았는데, 시간이 경과되면서 약간의 오차가 있지만 문제의 비선형성(非線型性), 모델의 패널수가 작음을 감안할때는 인정할 만한 정확도(正確度)로 판단된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2014

Liquefied natural gas(LNG) cargo containment system(CCS) has the primary function of ensuring both adequate structural safety with respect to sloshing load which is defined as a violent behaviour of the liquid contents in CCS due to external forced motions and thermal insulation keeping natural gas below its boiling point. Among different LNG CCS types such as independent B-type and membrane ones, Mark III CCS is considered in this paper to perform its strength assessment. Mark III CCS plate is designed and constructed by stacking various non-metallic engineering materials such as plywood, triplex, reinforced PU foam that are supported by series of mastic upon inner steel hull structure. From the viewpoint of structural analysis, this plated structure is treated as a laminated composite structure showing complex structural behaviour under external load. Advanced finite element models of Mark III CCS plate is generated and used in conjunction with ultimate strength based failure criteria from laminated composite mechanics for the strength assessment. The strength assessment is performed within the initial failure state of Mark III CCS plate. Results provide failure details such as failure locations and loads. Finally obtained results are reviewed using the loads from acceptance criteria suggested by classification.