• Title/Summary/Keyword: liquid metal

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Manufacture Technology of Monoammonium phosphate from LCD Waste Acid (LCD 제조공정의 혼합폐산으로부터 일인산암모늄 제조 기술)

  • Lee, Ha-Young;Lee, Sang-Gil;Park, Sung-Kook;Kim, Ju-Han;Kim, Ju-Yup;Kim, Jun-Young
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.253-257
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    • 2009
  • The waste solution discharged form the LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) manufacturing process contains phosphoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and metal ions such Al and other impurities. In this study, vacuum evaporation and diffusion dialysis was developed to commercialize an efficient system for recovering the high-purity phosphoric acid and manufacturing monoammonium phosphate. By vacuum evaporation, almost 99% of nitric and acetic acid was removed. Also, by diffusion dialysis, about 97.5% of Al was removed. Monoammonium phosphate was manufactured from purified phosphoric acid and ammonium hydroxide. In order to get the optimum manufacturing condition, the molar ratio of ammonium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, pH and temperature was controlled. Using this optimum condition, we obtained the recovery rate of monoammonium phosphate of about 90%.

Hydrogen Sulfide Sensing Characteristics Depending on Electrolytes of Pt/CNT Liquid Electrochemical Sensors (Pt/CNT 전극 기반 전기화학식 센서의 전해질에 따른 황화수소 감지 특성)

  • Yuntae Ha;JinBeom Kwon;Suji Choi;Soobeen baek;Daewoong Jung
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.194-198
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    • 2023
  • With the recent development of industrial technology, the problem of odor due to leakage of toxic gas discharged from industrial complexes is gradually increasing. Among them, hydrogen sulfide is a colorless representative odorous substance that can cause pain through irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, and is a gas that can cause central nervous system paralysis and suffocation when exposed to high concentrations. Therefore, in order to improve the odor problem, research on a gas sensor capable of quickly and reliably detecting a leak of hydrogen sulfide is being actively conducted. A lot of research has been done on the existing metal oxide-based hydrogen sulfide gas sensor, but it has the disadvantage of requiring low selectivity and high temperature operating conditions. Therefore, in this study, a Pt/CNT-based electrochemical hydrogen sulfide gas sensor capable of detecting at low temperatures with high selectivity for hydrogen sulfide was developed. A working electrode capable of selectively detecting only hydrogen sulfide was fabricated by synthesizing Pt nanoparticles as a catalyst on functionalized CNT and applied to an electrochemical hydrogen sulfide gas sensor. It was confirmed that the manufactured Pt/CNT-based electrochemical hydrogen sulfide gas sensor has a current change of up to 100uA for hydrogen sulfide, and the both response time and recovery time were within 15 seconds.

A study on structure of feed sprue considering turbulence and mold temperature in the investment casting process (Investment casting 공정에서 수축률을 고려한 소형탕도의 이상적인 구조와 주형 온도에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Rae
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2022
  • Investment casting is a production method commonly used to manufacture precision equipment, medical fields, and accessories, and has continued to develop through the modernization of equipment and high quality of materials, and its scope of use has been expanded. The purpose of this study is to minimize the defect rate by deriving structural improvement and standardization of mold temperature, which are key elements of the investment casting process, to minimize the defect rate. The scope of the study is limited to jewelry manufacturing casting processes suitable for understanding the structure and principles of small gate, and an experimental research is to be conducted by using soft Wax, gypsum powder, and 14 K gold as research materials. According to the results, the most appropriate casting standard temperature for the casting pattern of Alloy 14 k was the lowest turbulence at 980℃ flask temperature of 550℃, so good products could be produced. As a future task of this study, detailed studies are needed to data the structure and system temperature of small gate, reduce production defects in the field, and provide data for excellent investment casting competitiveness.

Advancing Towards a Sustainable Future: Recent Trends in Catalytic Upcycling of Waste Plastics (지속가능한 미래를 위한 폐플라스틱의 촉매 업사이클링 연구 동향)

  • Taeeun Kwon;Insoo Ro
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.61 no.4
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    • pp.505-516
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    • 2023
  • Plastic's ease of processing drives its growing production, resulting in a surge of plastic waste. Addressing this issue, catalytic upcycling emerges as a promising remedy. Various metals (Ru, Pt, etc.) and supports (TiO2, CeO2, etc.) have been employed for the chemical recycling of polyolefin plastics. Strategies to enhance liquid fuel selectivity and minimize methane include manipulating particle size, introducing heterogeneous metals, and tuning support characteristics. Simultaneously, endeavors to optimize catalysts by reducing precious metal usage were pursued. This study explores enhancing economic viability in hydrogenolysis and hydrocracking reactions, underscoring the potential of catalystdriven upcycling to tackle plastic waste.

Heat Dissipation Trends in Semiconductors and Electronic Packaging (반도체 및 전자패키지의 방열기술 동향)

  • S.H. Moon;K.S. Choi;Y.S. Eom;H.G. Yun;J.H. Joo;G.M. Choi;J.H. Shin
    • Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.41-51
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    • 2023
  • Heat dissipation technology for semiconductors and electronic packaging has a substantial impact on performance and lifespan, but efficient heat dissipation is currently facing limited improvement. Owing to the high integration density in electronic packaging, heat dissipation components must become thinner and increase their performance. Therefore, heat dissipation materials are being devised considering conductive heat transfer, carbon-based directional thermal conductivity improvements, functional heat dissipation composite materials with added fillers, and liquid-metal thermal interface materials. Additionally, in heat dissipation structure design, 3D printing-based complex heat dissipation fins, packages that expand the heat dissipation area, chip embedded structures that minimize contact thermal resistance, differential scanning calorimetry structures, and through-silicon-via technologies and their replacement technologies are being actively developed. Regarding dry cooling using single-phase and phase-change heat transfer, technologies for improving the vapor chamber performance and structural diversification are being investigated along with the miniaturization of heat pipes and high-performance capillary wicks. Meanwhile, in wet cooling with high heat flux, technologies for designing and manufacturing miniaturized flow paths, heat dissipating materials within flow paths, increasing heat dissipation area, and reducing pressure drops are being developed. We also analyze the development of direct cooling and immersion cooling technologies, which are gradually expanding to achieve near-junction cooling.

Measurement set-up for CMOS-based integrated circuits and systems at cryogenic temperature (CMOS 기반의 집적 회로 및 시스템을 위한 극저온 측정 환경 구축)

  • Hyeon-Sik Ahn;Yoonseuk Choi;Junghwan Han;Jae-Won Nam;Kunhee Cho;Jusung Kim
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.174-179
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    • 2024
  • In this work, we introduce a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)-based integrated circuit(IC) measurement set-up for quantum computer control and read-out using a cryogenic refrigerator. CMOS circuits have to operate at extremely low temperatures of 3 to 5 K for qubit stability and noise reduction. The existing cryogenic measurement system is liquid helium quenching, which is expensive due to the long-term use of expendable resources. Therefore, we describe a cryogenic measurement system based on a closed cycle refrigerator (CCR) that is cost-free even when using helium gas for long periods of time. The refrigerator capable of reaching 4.7 K was built using a Gifford-Mcmahon(G-M) type cryocooler. This is expected to be a cryogenic refrigerator set-up with excellent price competitiveness.

A Study on Biomass Utilization Strategies of Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan (일본 북해도지역 바이오매스 이용에 관한 사례 연구)

  • Yook, Hye-Young;Lee, Myung-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.37-50
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to investigate the integrated biomass strategies for utilization and application characteristics in Hokkaido prefecture, japan. From the results, to achieve a successful operation of biomass recycling facilities, it previously needs the effective byproduct supplying construction system for field demander as well as the advanced environmental technology introduction. Especially, the value-promotion recycling technology were requested as follows; (1) production of functional solid composting for protection soil acidification, (2) the addition of soil microorganism to the production of liquid fermentation fertilizer, (3) construction of diverse energy supply system, (4) mixed organic material fermentation process concerning on heavy metal concentration, (5) introduction of incentive garbage collection system for contaminants prevention.

Research of Diffusion Bonding of Tungsten/Copper and Their Properties under High Heat Flux

  • Li, Jun;Yang, Jianfeng
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.14-14
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    • 2011
  • W (tungsten)-alloys will be the most promising plasma facing armor materials in highly loaded plasma interactive components of the next step fusion reactors due to its high melting point, high sputtering resistance and low deuterium/tritium retention. The bonding technology of tungsten to Cu alloy was one of the key issues. In this paper, W/CuCrZr diffusion bonding has been performed successfully by inserting pure metal interlay. The joint microstructure, interfacial elements migration and phase composition were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD, and the joint shear strength and micro-hardness were investigated. The mock-ups were fabricated successfully with diffusion bonding and the cladding technology respectively, and the high heat flux test and thermal fatigue test were carried out under actively cooling condition. When Ni foil was used for the bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, two reaction layers, Ni4W and Ni(W) layer, appeared between the tungsten and Ni interlayer with the optimized condition. Even though Ni4W is hard and brittle, and the strength of the joint was oppositely increased (217 MPa) due primarily to extremely small thicknesses (2~3 ${\mu}m$). When Ti foil was selected as the interlayer, the Ti foil diffused quickly with Cu and was transformed into liquid phase at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Almost all of the liquid was extruded out of the interface zone under bonding pressure, and an extremely thin residual layer (1~2 ${\mu}m$) of the liquid phase was retained between the tungsten and CuCrZr, which shear strength exceeded 160 MPa. When Ni/Ti/Ni multiple interlayers were used for bonding of tungsten to CuCrZr, a large number of intermetallic compound ($Ni_4W/NiTi_2/NiTi/Ni_3T$) were formed for the interdiffusion among W, Ni and Ti. Therefore, the shear strength of the joint was low and just about 85 MPa. The residual stresses in the clad samples with flat, arc, rectangle and trapezoid interface were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The simulation results show that the flat clad sample was subjected maximum residual stress at the edge of the interface, which could be cracked at the edge and propagated along the interface. As for the rectangle and trapezoid interface, the residual stresses of the interface were lower than that of the flat interface, and the interface of the arc clad sample have lowest residual stress and all of the residual stress with arc interface were divided into different grooved zones, so the probabilities of cracking and propagation were lower than other interfaces. The residual stresses of the mock-ups under high heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ were estimated by Finite Element Analysis. The tungsten of the flat interfaces was subjected to tensile stresses (positive $S_x$), and the CuCrZr was subjected to compressive stresses (negative $S_x$). If the interface have a little microcrack, the tungsten of joint was more liable to propagate than the CuCrZr due to the brittle of the tungsten. However, when the flat interface was substituted by arc interfaces, the periodical residual stresses in the joining region were either released or formed a stress field prohibiting the growth or nucleation of the interfacial cracks. Thermal fatigue tests were performed on the mock-ups of flat and arc interface under the heat flux of 10 $MW/m^2$ with the cooling water velocity of 10 m/s. After thermal cycle experiments, a large number of microcracks appeared at the tungsten substrate due to large radial tensile stress on the flat mock-up. The defects would largely affect the heat transfer capability and the structure reliability of the mock-up. As for the arc mock-up, even though some microcracks were found at the interface of the regions, all microcracks with arc interface were divided into different arc-grooved zones, so the propagation of microcracks is difficult.

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Effects of Liquid Pig Manure Application on Rice Growth and Environment of Paddy Soil (돈분뇨 액비 시용이 벼의 생육 및 논 토양 환경에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon, Weon-Tai;Park, Hyang-Mi;Park, Chang-Yeong;Park, Ki-Do;Cho, Young-Son;Yun, Eul-Soo;Kang, Ui-Gum
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.333-343
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    • 2003
  • This experiment was carried out to improve the utilization of liquid pig manure (LPM) for rice at the two textures of valley soil in 2000 and 2001. The soil textures were coarse loamy and fine loamy in Sachon and Jisan series, respectively. Treatments consisted of no fertilized plot, chemical fertilized plot, LPM 150%, LPM 100%, LPM 100%+NK (top dressing) 30%, LPM 70%+NK 30%, LPM 50%+NK 50% plot. LPM was applied as basal fertilizer compare to nitrogen of chemical fertilized plot. Total N contents in the LPM were 6.0 and $4.5g\;kg^{-1}$ in 2000 and 2001, respectively. After the experiment, P and K contents of soils were not difference between chemical and LPM application plots. But heavy metal contents in soils were slightly higher in LPM application plots than in chemical fertilized plot. Immediately after LPM application, ammonia gas content was $18mg\;kg^{-1}$ in LPM 150% plot, but it was $3mg\;kg^{-1}$ in LPM 50% plot. Two days after LPM application, ammonia gas content was 3 times higher in coarse loamy than in fine loamy soil. After rotary tillage, ammonia gas was not detected at all LPM treatments. This result suggests that rotary tillage can reduce the nasty smell of LPM quickly. Inorganic nitrogen, $NO_3$ and $NH_4$, contents in water of paddy was higher at coarse loamy soil from rice transplanting to tillering stage. After that season, inorganic nitrogen contents of water were not different according to soil texture and treatments. Content of $NH_4-N$ in soil solution was higher at LPM plots than chemical fertilizer plot. Total nitrogen contents in rice plant after harvesting were higher at chemical fertilization plot than LPM application plot, but K contents showed an opposite tendency. Rice yield was decreased only in LPM plots at two soil textures. But yield was not significantly difference between chemical fertilizer and LPM+top dressing plots at coarse loamy soil and increased 5% at LPM 50%+NK 50% plot at fine loamy soil in 2001.

The Effect of Application Levels of Slurry Composting and Bio-filtration Liquid Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties and Growth of Radish and Corn (총각무와 옥수수 재배시 SCB액비 시용수준이 토양화학성과 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Seong-Soo;Kim, Min-Kyeong;Kwon, Soon-Ik;Kim, Myong-Suk;Yoon, Sung-Won;Ha, Sang-Gun;Kim, Yoo-Hak
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.1306-1313
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    • 2011
  • A liquid fertilizer treated with slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) process has been applied increasingly on agricultural field but the effects on the soil properties and crop production has not been throughly evaluated. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the SCB application on soil chemical properties and the growth of radish and corn. SCB liquid fertilizer as a basal fertilization was treated with five levels based on $6kg\;10a^{-1}$ for radish and $10kg\;10a^{-1}$ for corn. The experimental design was the completely randomized block design with five levels and three replicates. Electrical conductivity (EC), $NO_3$-N, Exch. K and Exch. Na increased depending on the treatment levels of SCB. There were no changes in soil organic matter, Avail. $P_2O_5$, Exch. Ca and Exch. Mg. EC, $NO_3$-N and Exch. Na content decreased as precipitation increased. Especially, they decreased up to the initial condition before the treatment after the heavy rainy season in 2008. Although Exch. K decreased at the rainy season, they remained relatively higher content after the experiment on August, 2008. Fresh weight and the amount of N uptake of radish increased due to the levels of SCB, but corn did not present any significant increase. It is recommended that we need to decide the proper amount of SCB as well as the application method on the field to increase the productivity and decrease environmental stress. Additional experiments also need to clarify the effect of the trace element and heavy metal accumulations due to long term application of SCB.