• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 2003

This research was conducted to determine the effect of mixing ratio of aquafarm waste water sludge (AWWS) in the growing medium as a source of fertilizers on growth of plug seedlings of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). Increased mixing ratio of AWWS resulted in increased fresh and dry weights, leaf area, plant height, and total chlorophyll content, although there were slight differences in growth characteristics at 20 and 40 days after sowing. Concentration of AWWS affected insignificantly the percent dry matter, number of leaves, and length of the longest root. The addition of AWWS increased pH and decreased EC in the medium as compared to that of chemical fertilizer. Compared to the control of a liquid fertilizer, 4 or 8 kg AWWS${\cdot}45L^{-1}$ medium (Sludge 4) gave a similar or slightly better growth. Above results suggested that addition of about 4 kg AWWS${\cdot}45L^{-1}$medium is sufficient for seedling growth and the AWWS can be used as a substitute for the liquid fertilizer in plug seedling production.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2011

This study focus was primarily the development of liquid starters for Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger prepared with wheat bran as a low cost culture medium. For the preparation of the liquid media wheat bran was added at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% and the Aspergillus sp. strains were then inoculated to these prepared broths. The results indicated that the more that wheat bran was contained in the medium, the more mycelia was produced for A. oryzae and A. niger. The highest enzyme activities were obtained with a 10~15% adding rate of wheat bran for both strains. Changes in the enzyme activities of the liquid starters during various incubation times (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs), indicated that the highest enzyme activities were seen between 48 and 72 hrs of culture. In addition, a comparative study was carried out on the production of enzymes using wheat as a substrate in nuruk, with liquid starter made from fermented agents according to the same concentrations used with the wheat bran. The pH, acidity, amino acidity, reducing sugar content and enzyme activity (${\alpha}$-amylase, glucoamylase, acidic protease) of wheat nuruk made with liquid starter were compared with those of wheat nuruk made with solid starter. The results suggest that the liquid starter is superior in both cases.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1969

A major disadvantage of Dental cements is their solubility. So it is very important to measure the exact amount of solubility to select clinically suitable materials. The most common laboratory test for solubility is the measurement of disintegration in distilled water, as outlined in A.D.A. Specifications 8 and 9, In addition to the possible factors influencing the solubility, the experiments were all conducted in compliance with A.D.A. Specifications. The solubility of 2 Zinc Phosphate cements and 1 Silicate cement in time of dissolution, concentration of solute in dissolving medium, and type of dissolving medium were investigated. The following results were obtained. 1. Generally the materials were more soluble in organic acids than in distilled water. 2. The dissolution cements tends be minimized by tests utilizing prolonged storage in the same media. 3. In Acetic acid solution, Zinc Phosphate cements were more soluble than Silicate cement, and in Citric acid solution both were markedly more soluble. 4. Solubility was increased by continually presenting fresh liquid, unsaturated with solute, to the cement-water interface.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.465-467
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• 2005

UIW-10 mutant obtained by UV treatment using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Thiobacillus sp. IW was studied. The colony size of UIW-10 was found 2 $^{\sim}$ 3 times bigger in diameter than the parent colony on TAM medium. UIW-10 mutant growth was two times higher than parent strain at 6 h culture in liquid medium containing sulfides such as sulfur and sodium thiosulfate. Initial pH and temperature for the optimum growth of UIW-10 were 6.0 and $35-40^{\circ}C$, respectively. It was found that addition of 0.5% yeast extract and 0.5 to 2.0% tryptone as nitrogen sources and the constant agitation at 150 to 200 rpm had a positive effect and the growth of UIW-10 was increased.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.167-175
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• 1976

Twenty one strains of Rhodopseudomonas palustris from 7 different regions in Korea have been isolated and identified on the basis of Bergey's Manual in order to study their regional variation. They can use fructose as carbon source (or hydrogen donor). Capacity to produce molecular hydrogen during photosynthesis was tested using liquid medium, modified by omission of $NH_4Cl$ and addition of L0glutamic acid. As nitrogen source nitrate can be used, and isopropanol can be used as hydrogen donor. their pH ranges are 5.9 - 9.1. Their growth are inhibited in the medium that contains 100 units of penicillin G/ml. as for the growing test in dark aerobic condition, the period needed for adptation is longer than that of Korea strain of Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the efficient in vitro mass propagation methods for juvenile sporophytes of Matteuccia struthiopteris. Chopped segments of pinnae, petiole and rhizome were cultured on 1/2MS with 0.1% activated charcoal. Among these explant sources only rhizome segments produced young sporophytes, regenerating vigorously on 1/2 MS medium. Adjusting sucrose concentration to 2% and supplement to $50mgL^{-1}$ $NaH_2PO_4$ in 1/2MS medium proved to be more efficient for plant regeneration. Various combinations of growth regulators such as kinetin, BA, NAA, and IBA were added to the growing media, and the best sporophyte regeneration was obtained by $1{\mu}M$ kinetin. The BA addition resulted in vigorous proliferation of meristematic tissues, but without differentiation to sporophytes. Three types of culture methods, solid using agar, liquid stationary, and liquid shaking culture, were employed with or without activated charcoal. The addition of 0.1% activated charcoal to modified 1/2MS media (2% sucrose, $50mgL^{-1}$ $NaH_2PO_4$, $1{\mu}M$ kinetin, pH 5.8 and 0.8% agar) yielded highest sporophyte regeneration in liquid shaking culture.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

Sparassis latifolia (formerly S. crispa) is used in food and nutraceuticals or dietary supplements, as rich in flavor compounds and ${\beta}-glucan$. Some previous studies have reported the effects of mushroom on brain function, including its neuroprotective effect. Thus, for this mushroom to be used as an effective nutraceutical for brain function, it would be desirable for it to contain other compounds such as ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) in addition to ${\beta}-glucan$. In this study, the enhancement of growth and GABA production in the mycelium of medicinal and edible mushroom S. latifolia was investigated. Amino acids were added externally as the main source of nutrition, and the effects of amino acids were investigated using liquid medium, specifically amino acid-free potato dextrose broth (PDB). The amino acids added were L-glutamic acid (named PDBG medium) and L-ornithine (named PDBO medium). The growth of mycelia was determined to be $0.9{\pm}0.00g/L$, $2.2{\pm}0.16g/L$, and $1.93{\pm}0.34g/L$ PDBG respectively. The GABA content was $21.3{\pm}0.9mg/100g$ in PDB medium, and it in PDBG 1.4% medium, at $115.4{\pm}30.2mg/100g$. However, the PDBO medium was not effective in increasing the GABA content of mycelia. Amino acids had little effect on the ${\beta}-glucan$ content of mycelia. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content was $39.7{\pm}1.4mg/100mg$, $34.4{\pm}0.2mg/100mg$, and $35.2{\pm}9.2mg/100mg$ in PDB, PDBG 1.8% and PDBO 1.4% media, respectively. Addition of glutamic acid and ornithine positively affected the growth of S. latifolia mycelia, and glutamic acid positively affected GABA production; no degradation of GABA was observed with addition of glutamic acid.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

For the detection of contaminated liquid spawn, we selected suitable medium, indicator and developed method of diagnosis. The growth of pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., and fungi, Trichoderma sp., in YPL media was better than in PDA and NA. In addition, the changes of color and absorbance of media were obviously showed when contaminated liquid spawn by pathogenic bacteria and fungi was incubated on YPL including phenol red for 48 hour at $25^{\circ}C$. The color of YPLP after incubating of infected liquid spawn by Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma sp. were changed from orange to red and to scarlet, respectively. Whereas, the color of YPLP after incubation of only Pleurotus ostreatus indicated yellow at liquid spawn. Therefore, it is possible to easily distinguish contaminated liquid spawn by color of change in YPLP.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to establish a year-round production system of pathogen-free stock through micropropagation in Fritillaria thunbergii as medicinal bulbous plant. The effect of different types of culture method and plant growth regulators, activated charcoal and mannitol on bulblet formation and subsequent growth were investigated. The MS solid medium containing 1. 0 mg/L kinetin and 0. 3 mg/L NAA was effective on bulblet formation and propagation rate compared to liquid and suspension culture. Addition of activated charcoal at 0. 01% to 0. 1% in the medium promoted bulbing of cultured bulblets and shoot formation. Addition of 1% to 2% mainnitol in MS medium was effective on the formation of bulblet and subsequent growth of bulblets compared to control. In addition of inhibitors, $10{\sim}100\;mg/L$ B-9 and Chloromequat had effective to stimulate bulblet growth but their effects were not so much as mannitol treatment. ABA treatment had detrimental effect on survival rate of explant and bulblet formation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.253-259
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• 1999

In this study, three simple methods were established to confirm the transgenic potato plants. The leaf disc was used in the first method. After leaf discs of transgenic and non-transgenic potato were transfered into the liquid MS medium with bialaphos 5mg/l, 25 days, the chlorosis occurred in the non-transgenic leaf discs while it could not find in the transgenic leaf discs, In the second method, shoot tips of potato were transferred into MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l bialaphos and 0.6% agar. After 7-10 days, a lot of roots developed from the transgenic shoot tip, but the non-transgenic shoot tip was dead. The third method was using chlorophyll contents. Leaf discs were transferred into the liquid MS medium with bialaphos 0.5 mg/l. After 15 days, the content of chlorophyll A in transgenic plant was at least 2.5 times higher than in non-transgenic plant. In addition, the PAT enzyme activity were detected in the transgenic potato, but not detected in normal potato.