• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

The test of comparing liquid flow calibration system (approved by KOLAS) for accuracy and structure change test was performed in the test bed in order to evaluate the typical characteristics of the electromagnetic flow meters and parshall flume that are generally used in the water discharging facilities. The results of the accuracy comparing test with liquid flow calibration system showed the error of less than 2%. Pharshall plume got error up to -8.3% (low flow) from the flow rate test, but less than 4% from the accumulated flow test because of offset error at high flow rate and low flow rate. Evaluation of structual change test was tested with only parshall flume using structure and it consisted of installation angle (parshall flume and level sensor) and position change. Installation angle, water level sensor angle and position changing test for parshall flume had errors of 3.1%~-9.2%, 0.4%~-5.6% and 0.2%~1.3% respectively. Especially, the error showed the largest increase when the water level sensor measured the point of decreased flow by the structure change. Therefore, error factors (change of straight pipe length, installation of obstacle or effect of foreign substances on water level sensor) that can often occur in the field should be derived and the research for optimized installation method should be carried out continuously.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2017

A membrane type LNG cargo tank is equipped with a pump tower and a liquid dome for loading and unloading of LNG. However, the membrane running continuously on the tank wall to prevent leakage of LNG is interrupted by the liquid dome, hence care should be taken in the design of liquid dome and its substructures. In case of GTT NO96 membrane type cargo containment system, chair structure is arranged along the periphery of the liquid dome targeting to support the membrane which is exposed to the both hull girder and thermal load. This paper proposes a new and simple chair structure, which outperforms traditional design from productivity point of view maintaining same level of structural safety. Strength assessment on the new design was performed to guarantee the structural safety of the new design, which includes strength, fatigue and crack propagation analysis.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2012

1. 가축분뇨 발효액비 관련하여 국내 현황은 농가형, 공동형, 상품형 등 크게 3가지 형태로 나누어 운영되고 있다. 특히 퇴비와 달리 가축분뇨 액비의 경우 유통활성화를 위한 품질인증제도는 실시되고 있지 않고 있으나 현장에서의 실무진의 의견을 종합하여보면 액비의 품질관리, 살포시기 조정, 저장기간의 최소화, 공동자원화시설의 운영활성화, 경종농가의 요구 등을 위해서는 반드시 필요한 부분이며 시기의 시급성을 요청하고 있다. 한편 해외국가 중 우리나라와 유사한 축산환경 문제를 가지고 있는 네덜란드는 생태법과 토양보호법을 통하여 분뇨의 관리에 대한 방법과 시기를 규정하고 있으며, 농가마다 가축분뇨 생산기준량이 인산 환산량으로 설정되어 있고 발생량 기록부의 보관을 의무화하도록 하고 있다. 또한 액비에 관한 분뇨 시용량에 대해서는 인산기준 목초지 150 kg/ha/년, 농경지 110 kg/ha/년 이하로 제한하고 있다. 일본의 경우 역시 지자체에서 발효액비 함유 비료성분을 기입하고 지역 내에서 유기액비로 유통하고 있으나, 액비의 지원과 품질의 규제 및 살포에 관한 규정은 별도로 없다. 그 외에 덴마크의 경우 액비에 대한 비료성분의 관리계획이 농가마다 의무화되어 있으며 이를 넘는 시용에 대해서는 벌금을 부과하며, 가축분뇨 저장시설에 대해서는 6개월 이상의 저장시설 설치가 의무화되어 있다. 이처럼 국외에서도 가축분뇨에 대한 관리에 대한 농지환원 및 환경에 관한 규제와 법률은 있지만 액비품질인증에 대한 세부적인 규정은 아직 마련되고 있지 않다. 2. 본 연구는 우리나라 가축분뇨 발효액비의 현장 이용형태에 따라 3가지로 나눈 후 Table 1에서 도출하였던 8가지의 형태에 따라 목표요소를 설정하였다. 향후 액비품질인증제도 구축을 위해서는 각 목표요소에 따른 평가요소의 구체적 정량, 정성화 작업이 필요하다. 예상되는 평가요소로서 (1) 비효성의 경우 사용되어지는 가축분뇨의 원료기준 및 비료의 성분을 나타내기 위한 N, P, K의 함량, (2) 위해성의 경우 비료공정관리규격에서 명시하고 있는 O-157대장균, 살모넬라 등과 같은 병원성미생물과 바이러스, 중금속의 존재여부, (3) 안정성의 경우 악취로 인한 암모니아 농도에 따른 세밀한 기준과 악취제어를 위한 액비의 부숙도에 관한 측정기준, (4) 균질성의 경우 가축분뇨 액비성상의 표준농도를 설정, 생산 공정의 표준화, (5) 경제성의 경우 품질인증기준 규정화, 제조단가 및 판매가격의 가격비율에 대하여 화학비료와 비교한 경제성, (6) 저장성의 경우 상품의 유통을 위해 장기적으로 보관할 수 있는 요소에 관하여 분뇨에서 발생하는 $CO_2$ 발생량이나 그 외에 부패에 영향을 주는 요소, (7) 상품성과 기능성의 경우 작물맞춤형 N, P, K 농도나 작물생장에 보조적인 역할을 할 수 있는 영양분요소 등을 고려하여야 한다. 향후 이러한 평가요소에 대한 명확한 기준을 마련하기 위하여 구체적인 연구와 조사가 필요하다. 특히 2012년부터 해양배출금지에 따른 가축분뇨 및 폐기물에 대한 육상처리가 불가피한 만큼 빠른 시일 내에 목표요소에 대한 평가요소의 구축이 필요하다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2023

Filtered containment system is a passive safety system that controls the over-pressurization of containment in case of a design-based accidents by venting high pressure gaseous mixture, consisting of air, steam and radioactive particulate and gases like iodine, via a scrubbing system. An indigenous lab scale facility was developed for research on iodine removal by venturi scrubber by simulating the accidental scenario. A mixture of 0.2 % sodium thiosulphate and 0.5 % sodium hydroxide, was used in scrubbing column. A modified mathematical model was presented for iodine removal in venturi scrubber. Improvement in model was made by addition of important parameters like jet penetration length, bubble rise velocity and gas holdup which were not considered previously. Experiments were performed by varying hydrodynamic parameters like liquid level height and gas flow rates to see their effect on removal efficiency of iodine. Gas holdup was also measured for various liquid level heights and gas flowrates. Removal efficiency increased with increase in liquid level height and gas flowrate up to an optimum point beyond that efficiency was decreased. Experimental results of removal efficiency were compared with the predicted results, and they were found to be in good agreement. Maximum removal efficiency of 99.8% was obtained.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2009년도 창립 20주년기념 특별학술발표회
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• pp.377-378
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• 2009

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

Alternative subirrigation way, capillary wick system (CWS) was tested to reduce labor cost, waste water, contamination of ground water, and use of fungicide compared to overhead irrigation system (OIS). CWS helped reduce remarkably the working hours for watering from 4 hours in OSI to just 5 minutes. Labor cost was saved 98% in CWS compared to OIS. By the physical characteristics of various growing media, 1 coconut coir+2 perlite (v/v) mixture was selected because it had an ideal distribution of three phase, e.g. 1 solid: 1 liquid: 2 gas phase. Medium mixture containing scoria had so high bulk and particle density to hurt root. In bark-containing medium, the liquid phase and the percent saturation of liquid phase with time elapsed was lower than that of other mixture. It meant that the mixture contained very low level of water. Application of CWS for cyclamen pot production played an important role in reducing the incident of fusarium wilt symptom from 18% in conventional over watering system to 4%. Cyclamen pot irrigated by capillary wick had shorter petiole and more leaves than those by overhead watering. As a result, this system was highly beneficial to get uniform pot products with high quality. It improved water and nutrient solution efficiency relative to conventional overhead irrigation system (OIS).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2020

Van de Vusse 반응기는 정상상태 입출력 관계에서 최대값을 그리고 이 최대값을 기준으로 동특성의 형태가 크게 바뀌는 특성을 보인다. 운전영역에 따라 정상상태 이득의 부호가 바뀌고, non-minimum phase 동특성 등의 제어를 매우 어렵게 하는 특성들이 나타난다. 매우 많은 비선형제어 방법들과 새로이 고안되고 있는 방법들이 이 Van de Vusse 반응기 공정에 적용되어 그 성능 검증이 이루어지고 있다. 이 반응기의 실제 예가 보고되어 있으나, 화학반응 특성상 제어기 실험에 일상적으로 사용되기에는 어려움이 많아 대부분 모사연구에 그치고 있다. 여기서는 이 Van de Vusse 반응기의 특성을 모두 구현하는 액위시스템을 제작하고, 새로이 고안되는 비선형 제어기의 성능을 밝히는 기준이 될 수 있는 간단한 두 제어 방법의 실험 결과를 제안하고자 한다. 액위시스템 실험장치와 제안된 제어 방법들은 매우 간단하며, 비선형 제어기의 성능과 현장 적용 가능성을 검증하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.46.1-46
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• 2002

$\textbullet$ Abstract $\textbullet$ Introduction $\textbullet$ Liquid Level Control System $\textbullet$ Flow Ratio Control System $\textbullet$ Application of Lookup Table Technique $\textbullet$ Experimental Results $\textbullet$ Conclusion

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2019

A system analysis program has been developed for a gas generator cycle liquid rocket engine of 30 ton class. Numerical models have been proposed for a combustor, a turbopump, a gas generator and pressure drop through a regenerative cooling system. Numerical algorithm has been validated by comparing with the published data of MC-1. The major source of error is not the numerical algorithm but the imperfect performance models of subsystems. So the precision of the program can be improved by revising the performance models using experimental data. The sea level specific impulse and vacuum specific impulse have been demonstrated for a 30 ton class gas generator engine. The optimal condition of combustor pressure and mixture ratio for specific impulse which is a typical characteristic of a gas generator cycle engine has been illustrated.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.513-528
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• 2018

A typical viable technique to decrease the seismic response of liquid storage tanks is to isolate them at the base. Base-isolation systems are an efficient and feasible solution to reduce the vulnerability of structures in high seismic risk zones. Nevertheless, when liquid storage tanks are under long-period shaking, the base-isolation systems could have different impacts. These kinds of earthquakes can damage the tanks readily. Hence, the seismic behaviour and vibration of cylindrical liquid storage tanks, subjected to earthquakes, is of paramount importance, and it is investigated in this paper. The Finite Element Method is used to evaluate seismic response in addition to the reduction of excessive liquid sloshing in the tank when subjected to the long-period ground motion. The non-linear stress-strain behaviour pertaining to polymers and rubbers is implemented while non-linear contact elements are employed to describe the 3-D surface-to-surface contact. Therefore, Nonlinear Procedures are used to investigate the fluid-structure interactions (FSI) between liquid and the tank wall while there is incompressible liquid. Part I, examines the effect of the flexibility of the isolation system and the tank aspect ratio (height to radius) on the tank wall radial displacements of the tank wall and the liquid sloshing heights. Maximum stress and base shear force for various aspect ratios and different base-isolators, which are subjected to three seismic conditions, will be discussed in Part II. It is shown that the composite-base isolator is much more effective than other isolators due to its high flexibility and strength combined. Moreover, the base isolators may decrease the maximum level pertaining to radial displacement.