• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2004

The general method which changes sub-cooling of refrigerant is to control the expansion valve in the state of mixing with liquid and gas phase. In this study, the performance of vehicle air conditioning system is to control either changing the expansion valve or adding the sub condenser. Therefore, this research finally is tested in case of the fourth test procedure, the second test was suitable for a valve opening area due to adjusting valve slope in comparison with the other test. The other test except for the second test happened to do liquid back due to the excessively liquified refrigerant into the system. In conclusion, the second test was appeared not to be influenced upon liquid back, and it is to expect positive performance by controlling an expansion valve. Therefore, it will be also useful to research for an increase of compressor efficiency Performance improvement of an air conditioner is to reinforce the suction performance of the evaporator and increase the sub-cooling, which make use of the sub-cooling system.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 2008

As the measures of nuclear power plant utilities and manufacturers to reduce the defects of tube expansion region during manufacturing steam generators, many types of NDEs(Non-Destructive Examinations) are conducted to inspect the expansion region. The expansion region of tube is subject to degrade because of stress concentration induced by tube expansion, sludge pile and high temperature. So the inspections for tube expansion region have been reinforced. Liquid penetrant test, helium leak test, Bobbin profile test and hydraulic test are performed to confirm the integrity of tube expanded by hydraulic expansion method. Liquid penetrant test and helium leak test are used to inspect seal weld region on tubesheet end part. Bobbin Profile test is used to inspect fully the expanded region of steam generator tube. Hydraulic test finally verifies the integrity of seal weld region on tubesheet end part.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 1996

Hydrodynamic characteristics such as gas holdup, liquid circulation velocity and bed expansion in a hexagonal inverse fluidized bed were investigated using air-water system by changing the ratio ($A_d$/$A_r$) of cross-sectional area between the riser and the downcomer, the liquid level($H_1$/H), and the superficial gas velocity($U_g$). The gas holdup and the liquid circulation velocity were steadily increased with the superficial gas velocity increasing, but at high superficial gas velocity, some of gas bubbles were carried over to a downcomer and circulated through the column. When the superficial gas velocity was high, the $A_d$/$A_r$ ratio in the range of 1 to 2.4 did not affect the liquid circulation velocity, but the maximum bed expansion was obtained at $A_d$/$A_r$ ratio of 1.25. The liquid circulation velocity was expressed as a model equation below with variables of the cross-sectional area ratio($A_d$/$A_r$) between riser to downcomer, the liquid level($H_1$/H), the superficial gas velocity($U_g$), the sparser height[(H-$H_s$)/H], and the draft Plate level($H_b$/H). $U_{ld}$ = 11.62U_g^{0.75}$${(\frac{H_1}{H})}^{10.30}$${(\frac{A_d}{A_r})}^{-0.52}$${(\frac({H-H_s}{H})}^{0.91}$${(\frac{H_b}{H})}^{0.13}$

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2015

현행 액화석유가스의 안전관리 및 사업법의 시행규칙에 의거하면 액화 가스는 용기 체적의 85%까지 충전하도록 되어있다. 이에 상당하는 충전량은 $65^{\circ}C$를 기준으로 내부에 액체의 열팽창을 고려한 수치이다. 하지만 소형 또는 이동이 용이한 용기가 특정 상황에서는 용기 내부 액체의 온도가 $65^{\circ}C$ 미만을 유지한다고 단정 지을 수 없다. 열역학적 관점에서 액 팽창은 용기 재료의 강성만으로 제어하기 어려운 요소이며, 결국 파열 등의 사고를 유발 할 수 있는 잠재적인 위험 요인이 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 밀폐계에서 임계상태 액체 프로판의 열 팽창량을 추정하는 방법과 추정 된 결과를 제시 할 것이며, 내압 변화에 따른 용기의 체적 증가를 유도하는 구조적 요소를 실험적으로 제안할 것이다. 본 논문을 통해 제시된 결과는 향후 액화가스의 압력용기 설계에 있어 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2000

Spray as a liquid atomization technique has wide applications of combustion, painting, chemical, medical and agricultural purpose, and so on. Capillary tubes and expansion valves, as an expansion device of vapor compression type refrigerators, has been used from the early time. But there are some problems in practice, the former can't control refrigerant flowrate exactly and the later most of imported are expensive relatively and has some difficulties to install. Choosing an injector as a new concept of expansion device of refrigerator in this study to improve such troubles of the coming expansion device, the refrigerant spray behavior and refrigeration characteristics are evaluated experimentally. It is verified that the injector with a good function of refrigerant atomization plays a desirable role of refrigerant expansion in the actual refrigeration cycle.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 팽창장치 후에 설치된 액기분리기와 예냉 열교환기를 갖는 냉동시스템의 특성을 파악하고자 하는 것이다. 냉장고의 전형적 냉매인 냉매 R134a의 팽창공정 후 액기분리기에서 분리된 찬 증기를 이용하여 예냉 열교환기에서 팽창장치에 주입되는 냉매를 과냉시킨다. 분석결과 냉동능력은 8.9% 상승하였으며, COP는 1.4% 증가하였다. 이러한 성능 향상의 이유는 냉매 모리엘선도의 포화액선과 포화기체선의 기울기가 다르기 때문이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.2249-2260
• /
• 1995

An experiment of close contact melting of phase-change medium partially filled in an isothermally heated horizontal cylinder is performed which involves the volume expansion of liquid induced by the solid-liquid density difference. The solid-liquid interface motion and the free surface behavior of liquid were reported photographically. The experimental results show that the curvature of upper solid-liquid interface varied to flat as melting progresses. In addition to the varying interface shape, the melting rate increases with the lower initial height of solid and the free surface height of liquid increases linearly. The experimental results of molten mass fraction were expressed in a function of dimensionless time Fo.Ste$^{3}$4/ and agreed well with the analytical solutions.

• 항공우주기술
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2013

액체로켓엔진 고압 배관의 김발 신축이음은 고압에서 반복적인 회전 변위를 받게 된다. 본 연구에서는 고압에서 내부형 김발 신축이음의 모멘트 해석 및 시험을 수행하였다. 해석적으로 스프링 강성, 마찰과 측력에 의한 모멘트 값을 각각 구하고 시험으로 얻어진 전체 모멘트 값과 비교하였다. 또한 외부형 힌지 신축이음에 대하여 회전 핀에 이황화몰리브덴 코팅을 적용하여 저압에서 갈링 현상이 없어지고 마찰 계수가 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2005

Liquid pressure amplifiers have been proposed as an energy saving technology for vapor compression refrigeration systems configured with direct-expansion evaporators. The technology utilizes a refrigerant pump in the high pressure liquid line as a means of maintaining a suitable pressure differential across the expansion valve while lowering condensing pressure to achieve the reduction of compressor energy consumption. Applications have been proposed on systems ranging from small unitary air-conditioning to large supermarket and commercial refrigeration systems. This paper clarifies the role of such a device in a vapor compression refrigeration system. Limitations are presented and discussed. Finally, results of detailed analyses are presented to quantify the energy consumption both with and without a liquid pressure amplifier in a unitary air conditioning system. The estimated energy savings associated with the installation of a liquid pressure amplifier are minimal.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2000

The objective of this study was to identify a follicular fluid ingredient inhibiting the cumulus oocyte complex (COC) expansion. Thus, follicular fluid or liquid chromatographic fractions of follicular fluid was supplemented in COC culture medium. And COCs were incubated for 48 hours to investigate about cumulus expansion and also the first polar body extrusion. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The fluid of medium follicle significantly inhibited the COC expansion. 2. The fluid of large follicle inhibited the COC expansion. 3. Follicular fluid showed six major fractions at retention volumes (RVs) 1.83, 1.91, 2.15, 2.34, 2.53 and 2.74 ml after separation with Superose 12 column. Of the major fractions, fractions RV2.15, RV2.34, RV2.53 and RV2.74 inhibited both COC expansion and polar body extrusion. Especially, fractions of RV2.15 and RV2.53 significantly inhibited COC expansion, oocyte denudation and polar body extrusion. In conclusion, porcine follicular fluid contained a COC expansion inhibiting ingredient (CEI) that may be contained largely in fractions RV2.15 and RV2.53. And CEI may inhibit oocyte maturation by inhibition of oocyte denudation and extrusion of the first polar body.