• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.59-62
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• 2007

The basic concept and preliminary performance results of a miniaturized electroosmotic (EO) pump with diaphragms were included in the present study. The separation of an electroosmotic pumping liquid from a drug using diaphragms is mainly to have a freedom in choosing an electroosmotic pumping liquid and to achieve the optimal drug delivery, and, preferably its precise control. We performed maximum flow rate, maximum pressure, and maximum current measurements with and without diaphragm designs. As a result, the effect of diaphragms on pump performance at the maximum condition is small. However, the presence of diaphragms does not allow indefinite continuous pumping.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.18
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• pp.39-40
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• 2005

Ferroelectric Eu-substituted $Bi_4Ti_3O_{12}$ (BET) thin films with a thickness of 200 nm were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si(100) substrate by means of the liquid delivery MOCVD system and annealed at several temperatures in an oxygen atmosphere. At annealing temperature above $600^{\circ}C$, the microstructure of layered perovskite phase was observed. The remanent polarization of these films increased with increase in annealing temperature. The remanent polarization values ($2P_r$) of the BET thin films annealed at $720^{\circ}C$ were $37.71{\mu}C/cm^2$ at an applied voltage of 5 V.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2002

In this study, the air-fuel ratio(A/F) control characteristics of a liquid and a gaseous fueled engine are investigated. Engine models far both the liquid and the gaseous fueled engine are developed to compare the characteristics of fuel delivery into the cylinder, and the performances of the models are evaluated using the simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the gaseous fueled engine has better control performance than that of the liquid fueled engine in terms of the air-fuel ratio control. This study could be used to develop air-fuel ratio control schemes for both the liquid and the gaseous fueled engine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.774-780
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• 1998

This report includes an extensive bibliography of research articles investigating various facets of rearing neonatal piglets using liquid diets, and includes historical publications dating back to the 1940's. However, in order to provide concise and timely focus for application in modem swine production, only a selected number of recent findings are reviewed in detail. Collectively, the data presented illustrate that growth of piglets fed liquid diets can greatly exceed that of littermates fed dry diets and can even exceed growth rates of sow-reared controls (by up to 160%). The central questions that remain unanswered are: 1) Can this improved performance be obtained routinely and economically under applied farm conditions? and if so, 2) Does improved growth during the early-weaning period translate into improved net economic returns overall? Unfortunately, due to the current practical management constraints related to liquid-diet feeding (i.e., lack of an easy-to-manage feed delivery system), limited data are available which examine the efficacy of liquid-diet feeding under practical, commercial farm conditions.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.307-307
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• 2003

Strategies to make finished products more stable and efficacious can take advantage of formulation technologies- ingredients and techniques - to improve their delivery into the skin by both enhanced penetration and delayed release. Nanometer range particles and emulsion droplets can be formed with a selection of either silicone copolyol or conventional organic surfactants and dispersion shear rates sufficient to generate stable submicron droplets. By incorporating these into systems with biomimetic liquid crystalline gel networks in either simple or multiple phase emulsions the skin delivery can be enhanced as shown in tape stripping experiments. Such systems can stabilize labile actives, such as Vitamin C and retinol, and aid delivery. Laboratories in U.S and Europe investigated actives including green tea polyphenols, salicylic acid and methyl and benzyl nicotinate.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2002년도 춘계총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.48-48
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• 2002

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2001년도 추계총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2001

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.880-885
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• 2003

Research in this paper focuses on the kinetic evaluation of swelling of the liquid crystalline phases of glyceryl monooleate (GMO). Swelling of the lamellar and cubic liquid crystalline phases of GMO was studied using two in vitro methods, a total immersion method and a Franz cell method. The swelling of the lamellar phase and GMO having 0 %w/w initial water content was temperature dependent. The swelling ratio was greater at $20^{\circ}^C than 37^{\circ}^C$ . The water uptake increased dramatically with decreasing initial water content of the liquid crystalline phases. The swelling rates obtained using the Franz cell method with a moist nylon membrane to mimic buccal drug delivery situation were slower than the total immersion method. The swelling was studied by employing first-order and second-order swelling kinetics. The swelling of the liquid crystalline phases of GMO could be described by second-order swelling kinetics. The initial stage of the swelling (t < 4 h) followed the square root of time relationship, indicating that this model is also suitable for describing the water uptake by the liquid crystalline matrices. These results obtained from the current study demonstrate that the swelling strongly depends on temperature, the initial water content of the liquid crystalline phases and the methodology employed for measuring the swelling of GMO.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

TSV는 그동안 3D IC 적층을 하는데 핵심 기술로 많이 연구되어 왔고, RC delay를 줄여 소자의 성능을 향상시키고, 전체 시스템 사이즈를 줄일 수 있는 기술로 각광을 받아왔다. 최근에는 TSV를 전기적 연결이 아닌 소자의 열관리를 위한 구조로 연구되고 있다. TSV를 이용한 liquid cooling 시스템 개발은 TSV 제조, TSV 디자인 (aspect ratio, size, distribution), 배선 밀도, microchannel 제조, sealing, 그리고 micropump 제조까지 풀어야 할 과제가 아직 많이 남아있다. 그러나 TSV를 이용한 liquid cooling 시스템은 열관리뿐 아니라 신호 대기시간(latency), 대역폭(bandwidth), 전력 소비(power consumption), 등에 크게 영향을 미치기 때문에 3D IC 적층 기술의 장점을 최대로 이용한 차세대 cooling 시스템으로 지속적인 개발이 필요하다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 양친매성물질인 $C_{12-20}$ 알킬글루코사이드, $C_{14-22}$ 알코올 및 베헤닐알코올로 구성된 액정 에멀젼을 제조하고 그 특성 및 in vitro 피부 투과 연구를 수행하였다. 액정 에멀젼의 배합비 실험 결과, $C_{12-20}$ 알킬글루코사이드 0.8%, $C_{14-22}$ 알코올 3.2% 및 베헤닐알코올 4%에서 선명한 액정 구조가 관찰되었다. 액정 에멀젼과 비교군으로 O/W 에멀젼의 물리적 특성을 비교한 결과, 액정 에멀젼과 O/W 에멀젼의 점성은 각각 $1871.26{\sim}1.15Pa{\cdot}s$ 및 $1768.69{\sim}1.14Pa{\cdot}s$이었으며, 전단응력은 액정 에멀젼은 190.45 ~ 919.38 Pa, O/W 에멀젼은 178.68 ~ 909.18 Pa로 측정되었다. 저장 탄성률은 액정 에멀젼은 4487.82 ~ 8195.59 Pa, O/W 에멀젼은 3428.53 ~ 9157.45 Pa, 탄성에 대한 점성의 비인 tan (delta) 값은, 액정 에멀젼은 0.23 ~ 0.25, O/W 에멀젼은 0.43 ~ 0.19로 나타났다. 경피 수분 함량 측정 결과, 액정 에멀젼은 O/W 에멀젼에 비하여 사용 후 1 h부터 6 h까지 유의적으로 더 높은 피부 수분 함량을 나타냈으며, 경피 수분 손실에서는 30 min부터 4 h까지 유의적으로 수분 손실 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 글리시리직애씨드를 이용한 피부 투과 실험 결과, 24 h 동안 피부 투과량은 액정 에멀젼($64.58{\mu}g/cm^2$), O/W 에멀젼($37.07{\mu}g/cm^2$), 부틸렌글라이콜 용액($41.05{\mu}g/cm^2$) 순으로 나타났고, 시간별 투과능 관찰 결과는 8 h 이후부터 액정 제형에서 피부 투과능이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 액정 에멀젼은 피부의 보습 효과를 증진시킬 뿐만 아니라 기능성 소재의 효율적인 피부 전달체로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.