• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2004

The ligninolytic basidiomycete, Pleurotus ostreatus K-2946, was produced a manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity when grown in liquid culture with glucose-yeast-peptone (G-Y-P) medium. However, lignin peroxidase (LiP) was not detected in this culture medium. The purification progress of MnP was purified that included chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B, Superdex 75 prep grade and Mono-Q. MnP purified by column chromatography, was 36400 dalton and a pI of 3.95. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified MnP activity were 5.0 and $55^{\circ}C$. The characteristics of MnP produced was quite similar to those of MnP 3 isoenzyme produced by other strains of P. ostreatus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2008

This study was carried out to obtain an optimal liquid culture condition for Sarcodon aspratus mycelia. Among various basal culture media the GYS (glucoe-yeast extract-soytone) medium was the best for mycelial growth. The appropriate temperature was $25^{\circ}C$. Starch, maltose or glucose was excellent carbon sources for the mycelial culture, compared to others tested. As nitrogen nutrients, soytone and $NH_4-N$ were the best organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, respectively. Moreover, the optimal concentration of soytone was 3 g per one-liter medium. In addition, we also found that alanine, $(NH_4)H_2PO_4$, and nicotinic acid were the best aminoacid, phosphorus salt, and vitamin, respectively. When all optimal conditions described above were applied to culture medium, we were able to produce 5.7 g dry weight of S. aspratus mycelia per one-liter liquid medium within 20 days.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2001

This study was carried out to improve the liquid culture methods of Paecilomyces japonica. The results show that the size of granular mycelium is smaller when the shaking speed is increased. Especially, the granular mycelium is the smallest at the shaking speed of 150rpm under the photoperiod of 12L-12D. Dry weight of mycelium was averagely 1.216 g in the Sikworm larva (SL) medium, and the weight was 2 times heavier than in the Potato dextrose (PD) medium. By adding 6 g of 6 mmbeads in the SL medium, the dry weight is increased to 1.332 g. The optimal addition of silkworm larval powder to the culture medium for gest harvest was 1.360$\pm$0.67 g in dry weight.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2019

To improve the productivity of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), seven different types of media for liquid spawn (denoted as "A" to "G") were prepared with 0.3% soybean meal and varying sugar and glucose concentrations. During 14 days of incubation, the pH of the liquid culture gradually acidified with increasing incubation period. Additionally, there was a significant, but not prominent, difference in the degree of acidification depending on the sugar to glucose ratio. Liquid spawn culture "G," which had the highest sugar content was the most acidic on the last day of incubation. Mycelium dry weight increased significantly with increasing incubation period, and there was no significant difference in mycelium dry weight irrespective of the sugar to glucose ratio even after 14 days of culture. The inoculation of liquid spawn in sawdust medium with an inoculation volume ${\geq}45mL$ and incubation period of 15 to 18 days were the optimal culture conditions. Productivity of fruit bodies in sawdust medium and mushrooms treated with liquid spawn was significantly higher compared to solid spawn treatment. The mushrooms treated with liquid spawn had better chewiness, and the free amino acid content, which is associated with savory taste, was higher in these mushrooms compared to those treated with solid spawn.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 2023

We aimed to investigate the proportions of MTB- and NTM-positive tests and the distribution patterns of species isolated by contracted testing agencies in South Korea. Respiratory specimens submitted to contracted testing agencies in South Korea for AFB culture from January 2014 to December 2021 were included (533,713 specimens in total). Trends based on MTB and NTM detection, patient sex and age, culture medium type, and testing year were analyzed. MTB and NTM positive detection increased in the patients. The average ages of MTB- and NTM-positive patients increased in those aged ≥61 years. For solid culture, the MTB detection rate decreased from 5.9% in 2014 to 3.3% in 2018 and increased to 4.7% in 2021; the NTM detection rate increased from 2.1% in 2014 to 3.4% in 2018 and 3.7% in 2021. For liquid culture, the MTB detection rate decreased from 8.3% in 2014 to 5.5% in 2018 and increased to 6.0% in 2021; the NTM detection rate increased from 3.5% in 2014 to 5.5% in 2018 and decreased to 5.3% in 2021. An isolation ratio reversal between MTB and NTM was observed in 2018. In this study, we provide information on mycobacterial isolation rates and species distributions using AFB culture test results from Korea's referral laboratories. Increased MTB- and NTM-isolation rates were observed in individuals aged ≥60 years, indicating the need for regular testing and focused management for them. Expanding liquid culture applications, which show higher positivity rates than solid culture methods, is necessary.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2012

A scaled-up bioconversion of fishmeal wastewater (FMW) into liquid fertilizer was performed five times in a $1m^3$ reactor in order to examine the feasibility of commercialization. The importance of aeration was marked. Analyses indicated that dissolved oxygen (DO) level was closely related to the value of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and it was crucial to achieve high-quality liquid fertilizer. When pure oxygen was supplied through four diffusers into the reactor, DO levels and ORP values were maintained over 1.2 mg/L and 0.2 mV, respectively all the time during 52 hr of bioconversion. The pH changed from 6.8 to 5.9. The average removal percentages of chemical oxygen demand ($COD_{Cr}$) and total nitrogen (TN) were 75.0% and 71.6%, respectively. Compared to the result acquired in a 5-L reactor, bioconversion of FMW into liquid fertilizer was achieved in a shorter time under the same removal percentages of $COD_{Cr}$ and TN. The 52-hr culture of inoculated FMW was phytotoxic-free and it possessed comparable fertilizing ability to a liquid fertilizer made from the fish waste in hydroponic culture with amino acid contents of 5.93 g/ 100 g sample. From all the above results, transferring lab-scale data to large-scale production appeared to be successful. As a result, the commercialization of a liquid fertilizer made from FMW was feasible.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 1996

The effects of sour liquid ferments with lactic acid bacteria on the baking properties and qualities of White Pan Bread were studied. The mixed culture of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum had higher acid equivalents and lower pH-values than single or mixed culture of other lactic acid bacteria which had been used for traditional sour dough bread. Optimum conditions of the incubation of lactic acid bacteria, which are incubation temperature time and culture medium compositions for lactic fermentation, were also investigated to find out optimum activity for good bread making. The mixed culture of L. brevis and l. plantarum incubated for 24 hours at 3$0^{\circ}C$ had the most optimum activity for bread manufacturing process and the qualities of the products. The addition of sour liquid ferments to the sponge dough effected on fermentation activity of the sponge dough to lower the level of pH to 4.64 and to produce more total titratable acidity(TTA) of 0.545, whereas conventional sponge dough bread had 0.46% of TTA. On comparison with control bread, the bread made with sour liquid ferments was found to have better specific volume, taste, symmetry, especially, organoleptic characteristics due to lactic acid, acetic acid and amino acid produced by lactic acid bacteria. Sour dough bread with liquid ferment was considered to be more effective to the inhibition of staling during storage for 6 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and to have longer shelf-than control.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2009

In this study, we compared the BacT/Alert liquid culture system with Ogawa and $L\ddot{o}wenstein$-Jensen (L-J) media for sputum culture and drug susceptibility test (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rapid liquid culture systems have been widely employed both for primary cultures of M. tuberculosis from clinical specimens and for drug susceptibility test because of its greater sensitivity and faster turn-around time than the conventional egg-based culture methods (Ogawa, $L\ddot{o}wenstein$-Jensen media). Sputum specimens were decontaminated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC)-4% NaOH and inoculated into the BacT/Alert culture bottles and Ogawa media. 95 from among 135 sputa were smear-positive, 97 (71.9%) were culture-positive by the BacT/Alert culture system, while 89 (65.9%) were positive by Ogawa media. The mean time to culture-positive by the BacT/Alert process system was about 11.3 days, which was significantly shorter than that by Ogawa media (22.4 days). Of 32 M. tuberculosis cultures examined for drug sensitivity, the concordant rate between the two methods (BacT/ Alert liquid culture system, $L\ddot{o}wenstein$-Jensen media) ranged from 87.5% for isoniazid and 90.6% for rifampicin.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.294-298
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• 1998

The factors affecting direct somatic embryogenesis from different parts of explant in liquid culture of Scrophularia buergeriana were investigated. Direct somatic embryogenesis was dependent on the explant tissues and stem was the most efficient explant. Rapid shoot development occurred on stem after 3-week culture but roots were not developed yet. Plantlets were not formed through somatic embryogenesis after 3-week culture of petiole. Though direct somatic embryo was not observed from leaf segment culture for 3 weeks, normal plantlets were developed after 8-week culture. BA played the main role for somatic embryogenesis in liquid culture and adding of either IAA or NAA caused rather adverse effects. Culture of stem segments in MS liquid medium with BA at 0.5 mg/ l or 0.1 mg/ l was proved to be the most efficient method for producing plantlets through direct somatic embryos.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1975

The rate of growth of Leptospires were studied by culturing in Korthof's media and Cox's liquid media which were treated at four different temperatures. The effect of thiamine hydrochloride in the culture of leptospires were also studied. The results obtained were summerized as followings: 1. The best growth of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae and Leptospira canicola was observed in Korthof's media with the rabbit serum heated for 60 minutes at $56^{\circ}C$. 2. A good degree of growth of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae and Leptospira canicola was observed in both Cox's liquid media with rabbit serum heated for 30 minutes at $100^{\circ}C$ and with fresh rabbit serum. 3. The growth of Leptospira was enhanced by adding small amount of thiamine to the both media which were shown to be unsatisfactory for the growth of the organisms. 4. Culture of leptospires were attained by simply heating for 30 minutes at $100^{\circ}C$ both Korthof's media and Cox's liquid media containing rabbit serum obtained without aspetic procedures.