• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2020

Background: BIOGF1K, a fraction of Panax ginseng, has desirable antimelanogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antiphotoaging properties that could be useful for treating skin conditions. Because its potential positive effects on allergic reactions in skin have not yet been described in detail, this study's main objective was to determine its efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography was used to verify the compounds in BIOGF1K, and we used the (3-4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method to determine its cytotoxicity in RBL-2H3 and HMC-1 cell lines. RBL-2H3 cells were induced using both anti-DNP-IgE/DNP-BSA and calcium ionophore (A2187) treatments, whereas HMC-1 cells were induced using A2187 alone. To measure mast cell degranulation, we performed histamine (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and β-hexosaminidase assays. To quantify interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in RBL-2H3 cells, we performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR); to quantify expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in HMC-1 cells, we used semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, we detected the total and phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase proteins by immunoblotting. Results: BIOGF1K decreased the AD response by reducing both histamine and β-hexosaminidase release as well as reducing the secretion levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in RBL-2H3 cells and IL-4 and IL-13 in HMC-1 cells. In addition, BIOGF1K decreased MAPK pathway activation in RBL-2H3 and HMC-1 cells. Conclusions: BIOGF1K attenuated the AD response, hence supporting its use as a promising and natural approach for treating AD.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 1985

볏짚부초의 인삼(人蔘) 근부(根部) 및 지상부생육(地上部生育)에 대(對)한 효과(效果)와 토양(土壤)의 물리(物理) 및 화학성(化學性)에 주는 영향(影響)은 포장조건(圃場條件)에서 조사(調査)하였다. 볏짚부초는 수량(收量), 경장(莖長)과 엽면적(葉面積)을 증대(增大)하고 낙엽주율과 결근율을 감소시켰다. 볏짚부초는 토양(土壤)의 경도(硬度), 공극율(孔隙率)을 좋게 유지시켰다. 볏짚부초는 보수력(保水力)을 증대(增大)시키고 지온(地溫)을 강하(降下)시켰으며 후행(後行), 전행(前行) 중간행(中間行)의 순(順)으로 그 효과가 적어졌다. 볏짚부초는 토양의 유효인산(포장에 따라 극심하게), 치환성 칼리, 유기물 함량을 증대시키고 치환성 칼슘함량을 감소시키고 pH 강하를 억제하였다. 볏짚부초는 잡초발생(雜草發生)을 크게 억제하였고 토니(土泥)의 오염을 막았으며, 골가토, 두둑다짐, 상면가토 등의 작업을 배제하였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2019

Milk and dairy products are the high value foods for the elderly population. In particular, fermented milk is the best source of calcium for people in the specific age group of over 79 years. It provides a good source of protein. Regular exercise and active lifestyle are recommended to slow down the muscle loss. However, exercising without proper nutrient intake is simply not sufficient at this age. Milk and dairy products provide the iron and protein content required for effective exercise-assisted growth. Milk nutrients have the advantage of being produced in various food forms, such as liquid, semi-solid, and powder types. Fat-soluble vitamins such as retinol and vitamin K can be encapsulated using various technologies for milk and dairy products. Using the encapsulation method, spray drying and fluidized-bed coating have been used for adding the micro-nutrients to the food. Microencapsulation technology is being applied in case of the fermented dairy products too. In particular, various wall materials are being developed to enhance the viability of probiotics. In the near future, advanced high-efficiency technologies that can effectively nourish the dairy products with nutrients will be developed to produce targeted high-nutrition value food for the elderly.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study, the effect of calcium sodium phosphosilicate (NovaMin) desensitizing agent, which is a powder-based system, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glutaraldehyde (Gluma desensitizer), which is liquid-based system, on dentinal tubule occlusion was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The effects of the above two along with one control group were compared to determine the more effective method of sealing the dentinal tubules after initial application. Methods: Twenty specimens were allocated to each of 3 groups: Control, Gluma desensitizer, and NovaMin. Two additional samples were also prepared and treated with Gluma and NovaMin; these samples were longitudinally fractured. The specimens were prepared from extracted sound human premolars and were stored in 10% formalin at room temperature. The teeth were cleaned of gross debris and then sectioned to provide one to two dentin specimens. The dentin specimens were etched with 6% citric acid for 2 minutes and rinsed in distilled water. Control discs were dried, and the test discs were treated with the desensitizing agents as per the manufacturer's instructions. The discs as well as longitudinal sections were later analyzed under the scanning electron microscope. The proportions of completely occluded, partially occluded, and open tubules within each group were calculated. The ratios of completely and partially occluded tubules to the total tubules for all the groups was determined, and the data was statistically analyzed using nonparametric tests and statistical significance was calculated. Results: NovaMin showed more completely occluded tubules ($0.545{\pm}0.051$) while Gluma desensitizer showed more partially occluded tubules ($0.532{\pm}0.075$). The differences among all the groups were statistically significant ($P{\leq}0.05$). Conclusion: Both materials were effective in occluding dentinal tubules but NovaMin appeared more promising in occluding tubules completely after initial application.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

스트론튬선택성을 갖는 크로마토그래피용 수지인 $Sr-Spec^{TM}$을 이용한 환경시료중 토양시료와 물시료에 대한 방사성 스트론들 분리를 고찰하였다. 이 수지는 질산수용액에서 스트론튬과 큰 결합능력을 가졌으며, 다량의 칼슘원소의 존재에서도 스트론튬분리를 할 수 있는 선택성을 가졌다. 그러나 K나 Ba와 같은 방해원소에 의해서는 스트론튬 추출능력이 감소하였고, 때문에 토양시료중의 스트론튬 분석시에는 이러한 방해원소의 제거단계가 필요하였다. 그러나 물시료증 스트론튬분석에서는 이 수지를 사용함으로써 간편하고 효율높게 분리할 수 있었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 1997

Many factors are known to be responsible for cerebral ischemic injury, such as excitatory neurotransmitters, increased intraneuronal calcium, or disturbance of cellular energy metabolism. Recently, oxygen free radicals, formed during ischemia/reperfusion, have been proposed as one of the main causes of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, to investigate the role of oxygen free radical during ischemia/reperfusion, in the present study the effect of endogenous oxygen free radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase / catalase(SOD / catalase) on the release of [$^3$H]-5-hydroxytryptamine([$^3$H]-5-HT) during hypoxia/reoxygenation in rat hippocampal slices was measured. The hippocampus was obtained from the rat brain and sliced 400 gm thickness with manual chopper. After 30 min's preincubation in the normal buffer, the slices were incubated for 20 min in a buffer containing [$^3$H]-5-HT(0.1 $\mu$M, 74 $\mu$Ci) for uptake, and washed. To measure the release of [$^3$H]-5-HT into the buffer, the incubation medium was drained off and refilled every ten minutes through a sequence of 14 tubes. Induction of hypoxia for 20 min (gassing it with 95% N$_2$/5% CO$_2$) was done in the 6th and 7th tube, and oxygen free radical scavenger, SOD / catalase was added 10 minutes prior to induction of hypoxia. The radioactivity in each buffer and the tissue were counted using liquid scintillation counter and the results were expressed as a percentage of the total activity. When slices were exposed to hypoxia for 20 min, [$^3$H]-5-HT release was markedly decreased and a rebound release of [$^3$H]-5-HT was observed on the post-hypoxic reoxygenation period. SOD / catalase did not changed the release of [$^3$H]-5-HT in control group, but inhibited the decrease of [$^3$H]-5-HT release in hypoxic period and rebound increase of [$^3$H]-5-HT in reoxygenation period. This result suggest that superoxide anion may play a role in the hypoxic-, and reoxygenation-induced change of [$^3$H]-5-HT release in rat hippocampal slices.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2007

콘크리트 구조물은 사용기간의 증가에 따라 내구적인 성능저하를 보이게 되며, 이러한 성능저하는 구조적인 성능저하로 진전되어 최종적으로는 안전상의 문제가 된다. 최근에 많은 표면보수 공법이 제시되고 있으나, 보수시공기술 또는 재료자체의 결함으로 뚜렷한 보수성능을 확보하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 구조물의 표면보수를 위하여 액상 무기계 침투제를 개발하였으며, 침투된 콘크리트 시편을 대상으로 내구성능에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 기존에 개발된 침투제를 적용한 콘크리트 시편과 내구성에 대하여 비교를 수행하였다. 침투된 콘크리트 표면에서는 잔존하는 수산화칼슘과 침투된 실리케이트와의 반응에 따라 추가적인 CSH겔이 형성되었으며, 이에따라, 소수성을 가진 저공극층이 콘크리트 표면에 형성됨을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 개발된 액상형 침투제를 이용한 콘크리트 시편은 내구적인 성능에서 침투전의 시편 및 기존에 사용된 침투제를 적용한 시편에 비해, 우수한 내구적 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2008

Hwangtae, dried Alaska pollack, is a major storage product in the fish processing industry. Hwangtae is prepared by removing the internal organs and drying outdoors during the cold witner months by allowing it to thaw during the daytime and re-freeze at night under sub-zero ($-10^{\circ}C$) conditions and gradually dry from December until the next April for around 5 months from Myungtae. In this study, ground Hwangtae was hydrolyzed using two proteolytic enzymes (pepsin and alcalase) which produced five soluble active peptides from Hwangtae (yellowish dried Pollack, Theragra chalcogramma) protein. Two different peptides with strong antioxidative activity were isolated from the hydrolysate using consecutive chromatographic methods of Sephadex G-25 gel, ion-exchange chromatography on a Sepharose-Sephadex C-25 gel, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated peptides, APO1 and APO2, were composed of 16 and 13 amino acid residues, respectively. Both peptides contained a Gly residue at the C-terminus and the repeating motif Gly-Pro-Hyp. The peptide with a molecular weight less than 1,000 Daltons (APACE) obtained from enzymatic hydrolysates of Hwangtae exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity. The APACE peptides was composed of 4 amino acid residues (Gly-Leu-Leu-Pro). These results suggest that Hwangtae hydrolysates could be a good source of peptides with ACE inhibitory activity. Biochemical analysis indicated that two 70 kDa peptides (APG1 and APG2) isolated from the hydrolysate had gelatinoytic activity, which was shown to be a calcium dependent protease type as showed by gelatin SDS PAGE.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.529-532
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• 2008

우리나라에 제설제 피해가 발생하는 곳은 일평균기온이 0$^{\circ}C$이하로 되는 경우이므로 국내에서는 거의 모든 지역이 해당될 수 있다. 따라서, 다소 정도의 차이는 있으나 전국적으로 대부분의 강재 및 콘크리트 구조물이 동결융해 및 염해의 피해를 받고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 제설제는 염화물계인 염화칼슘과 소금이나, 이러한 염화물계 제설제를 많이 사용하게 됨에 따라 콘크리트 구조물의 조기 손상 및 환경피해로 인한 유지관리 비용이 크게 증가하고 있다. 따라서, 염화물계 제설제가 대량 살포되고 동결융해에 의한 동해를 받는 적설한랭지에서의 콘크리트 구조물 및 환경에 미치는 심각한 악영향에 대한 대책 방안을 강구하여야 하는 실정이다. 위와같은 취지로서 본 연구에서는 염화물계 제설제의 대체제로 친환경적인 비염화물계 제설제의 적용방안을 검토하기 위하여 강재의 부식 및 콘크리트의 동결융해에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 비염화물계 제설제와 일반 제설제와의 pH 및 유해물질 함유량을 비교하였고 강재부식성 시험 및 동결융해 저항성 시험을 실시하여 그 성능을 평가하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-30
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• 1980

In order to increase the production of ginseng, a cultural experiment was carried out under different types of natural forest condition. Seedlings were transplanted with three spacing (70,90 and plants per 1.62m2) under the broad leaved, needle and mixed forest. The obtained results are as follows. 1 Growth of aerial part of ginseng plant. 1) Vegetative growth under forest condition of very poor as compared with ordinary cultivation, but there was no significant in number of leaf and teasel. 2) Stem diameter and stem length under the different forest types were a little difference. However petiole length and number of leafet showed an increasing trend in broad leaved forest as compared with other forest types. 3) The withering date of aerial part of ginseng plant in the needle forest was later than of others. 2. Fresh weight of ginseng root per plant was decreasing in the order of broad leaved forest, needle and mixed forest, needle and sized forest respectively. However the root weight was much smaller than that of ordinary cultivated one. 3. No big difference was observed in the growth of both aerial and root among the planting density 4. Nitrogen content in ginseng root under forest was lower, but calcium content In root was higher than that of ordinary one. 5. Fat and fiber content of ginseng root under forest showed higher than that of ordinary one. 6. The saponin content of ginseng root grown under forest condition was higher than that of ordinary ginseng root. According to high performance liquid chromatogram of saponin, only difference from ordinary cultivated ginseng root was that ginsenoside Re showed higher peak than ginsenoside Rg1.