• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to analyze the association between dyslipidemia and periodontitis in Korean adults aged 30 and older. Methods: We examined 3,992 subjects participating in the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Periodontal status was evaluated using the community periodontal index (CPI). People with 3 or 4 CPI codes were classified as the periodontitis group. For statistical analyses, chi-square test and logistic multiple regression were used. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in men, people aged 70 and over, people whose income status was among the lower 25%, and people whose educational level was high school or lower (p<0.001). The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in people who brushed their teeth twice or less, those who did not use interdental cleaning devices, those who did not have a dental checkup in the last 12 months, and those who had not drunk or smoked (p<0.05). The prevalence of periodontitis was increased with individuals whose BMI was ≥25 kg/㎡, those whose glycated hemoglobin was ≥6.5%, and whose lipid levels were higher or lower than the normal range. In the logistic regression model, an increase in triglyceride was found to increase the prevalence of periodontitis (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study suggests that dyslipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia, is a predictor of periodontitis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2009

The effect of diet supplemented with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf on antioxidant status of plasma and tissue was investigated in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were randomly divided into two groups after one-week acclimation, and fed a high fat (20%) and high cholesterol (1%) diet without (control group) or with 8% freeze-dried red beet leaf (RBL group) for 4 weeks. In RBL mice, lipid peroxidation determined as 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS value) was significantly reduced in the plasma and selected organs (liver, heart, and kidney). Levels of antioxidants (glutathione and $\beta$-carotene) and the activities of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase) in plasma and liver were considerably increased, suggesting that antioxidant defenses were improved by RBL diet. Comet parameters such as tail DNA (%), tail extent moment, olive tail moment and tail length were significantly reduced by 25.1%, 49.4%, 35.4%, and 23.7%, respectively, in plasma lymphocyte DNA of RBL mice compared with control mice, and indicated the increased resistance of lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage. In addition, the RBL diet controlled body weight together with a significant reduction of fat pad (retroperitoneal, epididymal, inguinal fat, and total fat). Therefore, the present study suggested that the supplementation of 8% red beet leaf in high fat high cholesterol diet could prevent lipid peroxidation and improve antioxidant defense system in the plasma and tissue of C57BL/6J mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to investigate nutritional status of middle aged Korean men exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and identify the risk factors related to IGT Data were collected from 163 men with a fasting blood glucose level from 115 to 139mg/dl(high blood glucose group: HBG) and 170 men with a normal fasting blood glucose level(control) aged from 40 to 59 years in both groups. Weight, body mass index(BMI) and percent body fat were significantly higher in high blood glucose(HBG) group than those of control group. Age, weight, BMI, percent body fat were positively related to blood glucose. There were no differences in exercise, smoking and family history of diabetes between two groups. Frequency of fat eating and overeating of HBG were higher than those of control group but frequency of sweet snacks intake of HBG was lower than that of control group. There was no difference in daily total energy intake in two groups. Total and supper energy intakes were positively associated with blood glucose. Percent energy intake of alcohol was significantly higher in HBG group and positively related to blood glucose, however there were no difference in daily intake of nutrients in two groups. Alcohol intake was positively related to BMI, but after adjusting BMI, there was no correlation between alcohol intake and blood glucose. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in HBG group than those of control group. Serum total cholesterol i,nd triglyceride were positively related to blood glucose and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with blood glucose. After adjusting BMI, serum triglyceride was positively related to blood glucose. In conclusion, weight, BMI, percent body fat and blood total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were positively related to blood glucose level of middle aged Korean men exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance. Their eating habits exhibited higher frequency of overeating, fast eating, high energy intakes of supper. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 59-67, 2000)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2012

This study investigated the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects of dietary quercetin in an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Four-week-old C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice (n = 18) were offered an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing quercetin at 0.04% (low quercetin, LQE) or 0.08% of the diet (high quercetin, HQE) for 6 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Plasma glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles, and lipid peroxidation of the liver were determined. Plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in the LQE group than in the control group, and those in the HQE group were even further reduced compared with the LQE group. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed lower values for LQE and HQE than for the control group without significant influence on insulin levels. High quercetin increased plasma adiponectin compared with the control group. Plasma triglycerides in the LQE and HQE groups were lower than those in the control group. Supplementation with high quercetin decreased plasma total cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol compared with the control group. Consumption of low and high quercetin reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver. Thus, quercetin could be effective in improving hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetes.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2015

Preservation of liquid semen is an important factor for breeding management in swine industry. Oxidative stress of spermatozoa during liquid preservation has a detrimental effect on sperm quality and decreases fertility. Objective of this study was to determine the effect of antioxidant, Quercetin, on capability of porcine liquid semen preservation. Freshly collected porcine semen from boars (n=3), having proven fertility was counted, diluted to $3{\times}10^7/mL$ and divided into 5 different semen extenders. Aliquots of diluted semen with different extenders were subjected to measure the pH, motility, viability and sperm DNA structure status on elapse time after preservation for 10 days. For the first 3 days, semen preserved in all 5 different extenders maintained their initial pH and either gradually decreased or increased thereafter, indicating lipid peroxidation has started. Sperm motility (r=0.52, p=0.01) and viability (r=0.55, p=0.03) had positive correlation with semen pH. Sperm motility was maintained well (p<0.05) in especially 2 extenders containing Tris and antioxidant compared to other extenders, suggesting both Tris and antioxidant worked as pH regulator and had beneficial effects on sperm characteristic during preservation. Sperm DNA structure status accessed by sperm chromatin structure assay on elapsed time after preservation, tended to be higher in semen preserved without antioxidant. Taken together, addition of antioxidant to extender prevents the sperm from oxidative stress during storage in mechanism by which antioxidant slows the lipid peroxidation, and thus reduced the reactive oxygen species in preserved porcine semen resulted in maintaining semen pH, sperm motility and viability for 7~10 days.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2009

After a health examination, abnormal patients were classified into two groups. One needs clinical treatment immediately, while the other one needs check-up in 2~3 month after for blood tests and preventive medical study. To discover the status and importance of the follow-up study in a health program, blood test upon health examination was compared to the test from the follow-up. We examined patients of ages from 20's to 70's. Among these patients, most of them were between 40's and 50's, and in male patients the follow-up test were more freguent than female. We examined blood obtained from January 2007 to December 2008. We analyzed and compared initial and the follow up blood test. Lipid profile, liver test, thyroid function tests (TFTs), glucose fasting, and HbA1c were examined from the blood tests. We also surveyed their distribution and status. The value of the follow up blood tests was significantly decreased with the most striking differences in lipid profiles and liver test. Follow up study is able to improve life style of patients through doctor's advice in a health program. Therefore, we can conclude that the follow up blood test is also quite critical.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1294-1301
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• 2004

Soy foods are a unique dietary source of isoflavones, which have effects relevant to prostate cancer prevention. The present study determines the effects of a short-term isoflavone supplement on serum PSA (prostate specific antigen), lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immune system in prostate cancer patients. Ten prostate cancer patients were supplemented daily with 150 mg of isoflavone for 2 months. Blood samples were collected baseline and 2 month after for analysis of PSA, serum lipid profiles, total antioxidant status (TAS), grade of DNA damage in lymphocytes, IL-6, VEGF and TNF -$\alpha$. After 2 month isoflavone supplementation, increased significantly a total of estimated urinary isoflavone excretion and did not change PSA. Serum lipid profiles showed significant change in serum total cholesterol level (p=0.007). However, there was no significant change in HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels. TAS was increased but not significant after isoflavone supplementation. Tail moment (TM) was decreased and especially tail length (TL) was decreased significantly (p=0.043). IL-6 level was decreased but VEGF level and TNF -$\alpha$ level were increased. The results of the present study led to the conclusion that the isoflavone dosage (150 mg) in supplement had positive effects on the serum total cholesterol level and DNA damage.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between adolescent smoking and antioxidant vitamins. Subjects were 87 non-smokers and 90 smokers. who were female high school students. Smokers were divided into tow groups by smoking status, 35 light smokers (packyear<1) and 53 heavy smokers(packyear$\geq$1). Dietary intakes were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes of vitamin C and A were analyzed by smoking status using Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professional (CAN-PRO). Serum vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and serum levels of vitamin A and E were measured by HPLC. Erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. The mean vitamin C intakes of non-smokers, light smokers and heavy smokers were 58.2mg/day, 50.1 mg/day 58.1mg/day, respectively. The mean vitamin A intakes of non-smokers, light and heavy smokers were 28.1$\mu\textrm{g}$R.E./day, 278.7$\mu\textrm{g}$R.E./day and 289.6$\mu\textrm{g}$R.E./day, respectively. There was no significant difference in dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins by smoking status. However, the serum vitamin C level, 11.40mg/l in heavy smokers was 12% lower than that of than that of 12.70mg/l in non-smokers. The serum vitamin A level was not significantly different among the groups. Vitamin E level, 8.79mg/l in heavy smokers was 8% lower than that of 9.53mg/l in non-smokers. There was no significant correlation between the dietary intakes and serum levels of vitamin A and C. The erythrocyte TBARS level, 1.90nmol/ml in light smokers was significantly lower (p<0.05) than 2.71 nmol/ml in heavy smokers or non-smokers. The correlation data showed that the cerythrocyte TBARS level had a significant positive correlation with packyear. Overall results might suggest that cigarette smokers with a longer smoking history need more dietary intakes of vitamin C and E than do non-smokers to reach the same serum level.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and functions primarily as a lipid antioxidant. Inadequate vitamin E status may increase risk of several chronic diseases. Thus, the objectives of this study were to estimate intake and plasma concentration of each tocopherol and to evaluate vitamin E status of Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Three consecutive 24-h food recalls and fasting blood samples were collected from healthy 20- to 59-y-old adults (33 males and 73 females) living in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea. ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\delta}$-, and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol intakes and plasma concentrations of tocopherols (${\alpha}$-, ${\delta}$-, and ${\gamma}$- tocopherol) were analyzed by gender. RESULTS: Dietary vitamin E and total vitamin E intake (dietary plus supplemental vitamin E) was $17.68{\pm}14.34$ and $19.55{\pm}15.78mg$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol equivalents, respectively. The mean daily ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol intakes were $3.07{\pm}2.27mg$ and $5.98{\pm}3.74mg$, respectively. Intakes of total vitamin E and each tocopherol of males were significantly higher than those of females (P < 0.05). Plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration was $15.45{\pm}10.16$ of males and $15.00{\pm}4.54{\mu}mol/L$ of females, respectively. There were no significant differences in plasma tocopherol concentrations by gender ($P{\geq}0.05$). Plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was negatively correlated with ${\gamma}$-tocopherol intake (P < 0.05). Twenty-three percent of the subjects had plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations < $12{\mu}mol/L$ indicating a biochemical deficiency of vitamin E. Approximately 8% and 9% of these participants had plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol:total lipid ratio less than $1.59{\mu}mol/mmol$ and plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol:total cholesterol ratio less than $2.22{\mu}mol/mmol$, respectively, which are also indicative of vitamin E deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin E intakes of Korean adults were generally adequate with the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin E. However, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol intake was lower than that reported in other countries, and 23% of the subjects in the current study were vitamin E deficient based on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1236-1243
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of protein and lipids in the patients with alcoholic liver disease, to find an effective way of dietary management for patients with alcoholic liver disease and to obtain the materials for nutritional education for alcoholics. The subjects consist of 80 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC) and 12 patients with alcoholic fatty liver(AFL). The control group included 57 alcoholics without liver disease(A), 32 patients with viral liver cir rhosis(VLC) and 194 normal(NL). Biochemical evaluation of nutritional status was performed by ana lyzing the profiles of protein and lipids in blood samples. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The frequency of subjects below the normal range of serum total protein was 26.3% in ALC, 16.7% in AFL and 3.5% in A. Serum albumin was lower in 41.3% of ALC. 2) The alcoholics without liver disease showed significantly higher level of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than the other groups. The alcoholic subjects had lower HDL cholesterol than normal subjects. Overall, the protein and lipids status of the alcoholic subjects in this study was evaluated to be very poor on the basis of biochemical assessments. The results suggest that alcohol abuse and poor dietary intake could cause malnutrition. An extensive nutritional education should be emphasized for the alcohol consuming population. High quality of protein and other dietary intakes from early stage of the disease may be effective in nutritional therapy for the patient with alcoholic liver disease.