• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2116-2124
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• 2015

To understand the effects of physicochemical factors on nitrite transformation by microalgae, a lipid-rich Chlorella with high nitrite tolerance was cultured with 8 mmol/l sodium nitrite as sole nitrogen source under different conditions. The results showed that nitrite transformation was mainly dependent on the metabolic activities of algal cells rather than oxidation of nitrite by dissolved oxygen. Light intensity, temperature, pH, NaHCO₃ concentrations, and initial cell densities had significant effects on the rate of nitrite transformation. Single-factor experiments revealed that the optimum conditions for nitrite transformation were light intensity: 300 μmol/m²/s; temperature: 30℃ pH: 7-8; NaHCO₃ concentration: 2.0 g/l; and initial cell density: 0.15 g/l; and the highest nitrite transformation rate of 1.36 mmol/l/d was achieved. There was a positive correlation between nitrite transformation rate and the growth of Chlorella. The relationship between nitrite transformation rate (mg/l/d) and biomass productivity (g/l/d) could be described by the regression equation y = 61.3x (R² = 0.9665), meaning that 61.3 mg N element was assimilated by 1.0 g dry biomass on average, which indicated that the nitrite transformation is a process of consuming nitrite as nitrogen source by Chlorella. The results demonstrated that the Chlorella suspension was able to assimilate nitrite efficiently, which implied the feasibility of using flue gas for mass production of Chlorella without preliminary removal of NO_X.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.89-104
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• 1989

The purpose of the study was to find an effect of phospholipid-free vegetable oils on the serum lipids and proteins of Sprague-Dawley rats. All experimental rats were fed ad libitum for 60days with the mixture of starch: casein: salt mixture: vitamin mixture (60:18:4:1) and at the same time fed administratively with 1 ml of soybean oil, corn oil and sesame oil bought in market as source of phospholipid-free vegetable oils(PFVO) and those extracted directly by and oil press as source of phospholipid-containing vegetable oils(PCVO) respectively. At the last day of experimental period, the rats were fasted for 12 hours and decaptitated to collect blood for analysis of serum lipid and protein. The results of this study were summerized as follows. 1. The supplementation of dietary phospholipid decrease food efficiency ratio and the growth rate of experimental rats. 2. The supplementation of dietary phospholipid improve correlation coefficient of body weight and organ weights. 3. The supplementation of dietary phospholipid increase the level of serum phosphatidylethanolamine. Therefore, I think that we must eat dietary phospholipid unpurified from vegetable oil to prevent development of atherosclerosis and fat liver.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1779-1786
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate soy sauce oil (a by-product of making whole soybean soy sauce) as a new dietary lipid source, a large amount of soy sauce oil was administered into the rumen of dairy cows. Methods: Four Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 56-day experiment. Ruminal administration of soy sauce oil (1 kg/d) was carried out for 42 days from day 8 to day 49 to monitor nutritional, physiological and production responses. Results: Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, whereas 4% fat-corrected milk yield and the percentage of milk fat decreased. Although ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the proportion of individual VFA were partially affected by administration of soy sauce oil, values were within normal ranges, showing no apparent inhibition in rumen fermentation. Administration of soy sauce oil decreased the proportions of milk fatty acids with a carbon chain length of less than 18, and increased the proportions of stearic, oleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids. Conjugated linoleic acid content in milk became 5.9 to 8.8 times higher with soy sauce oil administration. Blood serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid increased with administration of soy sauce oil, suggesting a higher energy status of the experimental cows. Conclusion: The results suggest that soy sauce oil could be a useful supplement to potentially improve milk functionality without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal health. More detailed analysis is necessary to optimize the supplementation level of this new lipid source in feeding trials.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the supplemental effects of two insect meals, mealworm (MW) and black soldier fly (BSF), with high or low lipid levels in diets, on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sardine and tuna by-product meals were used as the fish meal source in a control (Con) diet. The fish meals were replaced with MW, defatted MW (deMW), BSF or defatted BSF (deBSF), respectively. The shrimp (body weight: 0.47 g) were stocked into 20 acryl tanks (215 L) and fed the diets six times a day. After 45 days of the feeding trial, the shrimp that were fed insect meals had significantly higher phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than the shrimp fed Con diet. The gene expressions of prophenoloxidase, crustin and penaeidine-3c in shrimp hepatopancrease were also higher in shrimp that were fed the insect diets, regardless of defatting than those in shirmp that were fed Con diet. The survival against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was higher in shrimp that were fed the diets containing defatted insect meals than in shrimp that were fed Con diet. These results indicate that MW and BSF, regardless of lipid levels, could be good protein sources for the enhancement of innate immunity and anti-oxidant capacity of the shrimp.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2019

무세포 단백질 합성 시스템은 세포를 파쇄한 후 파쇄액 내의 단백질 합성기구들을 이용하여 단백질을 발현하는 시스템으로 기존의 세포 기반 재조합 단백질 발현 기법들과 달리 세포의 생장조건에 영향을 받지 않으면서 발현 조절에 관한 다양한 인자들을 인위적으로 조절 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그러나, 단백질 합성 과정 중 소모되는 ATP의 연속적 재생을 위해 사용되는 에너지원의 높은 비용과 낮은 안정성은 재조합 단백질 대량생산에의 적용을 제약하는 요인으로 작용하여 왔다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안들 중의 하나로 포도당을 에너지원으로 사용하여 세포 파쇄액내 대사과정을 통해 ATP를 재생하는 방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 포도당을 에너지원으로 이용한 무세포 합성 시스템에서의 단백질 합성 효율 향상을 위하여 대장균 파쇄액으로부터 회수된 지질을 추가적으로 첨가함으로써 산화적 인산화 과정에서의 ATP재생을 증진시키고자 하였다. 그 결과, 지질이 추가된 무세포 단백질 합성 시스템은 지질이 추가되지 않은 대조군에 비하여 6배 이상 향상된 단백질 생산성을 나타내었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.678-688
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• 2024

Objective: Reduced crude protein (CP) diets offer potential benefits such as optimized feed efficiency, reduced expenses, and lower environmental impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on a low-protein diet for duck performance, blood biochemical, intestinal morphology, gastrointestinal development, and litter. Methods: The experiment was conducted for 42 days. A total of 210-day-old male hybrid ducklings (5 replicate pens, 7 ducks per pen) were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments (3×2 factorial arrangements) in randomized design. The factors were CP level (18%, 16%, 14%) and protein source feed soybean meals (SBM), black soldier fly larvae meals (BSFLM). Results: Reduced dietary CP levels significantly decreased growth performance, feed intake, the percentage of nitrogen, pH (p<0.05), and tended to suppress ammonia in litter (p = 0.088); increased lipid concentration; and enhanced relative weight of gastrointestinal tracts (p<0.05). In addition, dietary BSFL as a source of protein feed significantly increased lipid concentration and impacted lowering villus height and crypt depth on jejunum (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of BSFLM in a low-protein diet was found to have a detrimental effect on growth performance. However, the reduction of 2% CP levels in SBM did not have a significant impact on growth performance but decreased nitrogen and ammonia concentrations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2003

발효식품 시료로부터 분리된 세균을 $DPPH({\alpha},{\alpha}'-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl)$ 전자공여능으로 항산화 활성을 측정하여 가장 활성이 강한 균주를 선별하여 형태학적, 생화학적, 생리학적 특성 및 165 rRNA 염기서열을 조사한결과 Bacillus sp.으로 판명되어 FF-7로 명명하였다. DPPH 전자공여능법에 의한 Bacillus sp. FF-7이 생산하는 항산화물질의 최적 생산 배지조건은 탄소원 2% galactose와 질소원 1% tryptone 첨가였다. Bacillus sp. FF-7에 의해 생성된 항산화 물질의 활성을 DPPH 전자공여능, 흰쥐 각 조직 microsomal 실험계 및 linoleic acid 과 산화지질 실험계에서 malondialdehyde를 thiobarbituric acid(TBA)방법으로 측정하였다. 흰쥐 각 조직 microsomal 실험계에서 지질과산화에 대한 항산화 효과는 뇌(97.50%) >심장(79.95%) >신장(77.84%) >비장(77.47%) >고환(69.96%) >간장(62.45%) 순이였다. Linoleic acid의 과산화지질를 TBA법으로 측정한 결과 반응 4일째까지 억제 효과가 강하게 나타났으며, 동시에 대조구로 사용한 0.05% BHT 첨가구에서도 실험종료시까지 항산화 활성이 강하게 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1987

어유(魚油)에 포함된 $C20{\sim}22({\omega}3)$ 지방산을 섭취하였을 때, 간과 뇌조직의 지질과산화물 형성 및 항산화기능을 조사하기 위하여, 고등어유를 식이함량에 10%(w/w)되게 조제한 사료를, 70g 외의 암, 수컷의 취에게 주어 3개월간 사육하였다. 이 결과를 ${\omega}3$지방, ${\omega}6$지방, ${\omega}9$지방 및 포화지방과 비교하기 위하여, 다른 4군의 암, 수컷의 쥐들에게 들기름, 대두유, 채종유 및 쇠기름을 각각 첨가한 조제식이를 주어 같은 기간동안 사육하였다. 간조직의 지질과산화들 농도가 고등어유군에서 현저히 높은 반면, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$과 환원형 glutathione (GSH)의 양은 낮았다. 이 현상은 암컷에서가 숫컷에서보다 분명히 드러났고, 고등어유군 외의 타군간의 차이는 숫컷에서 약간 보여 졌으나 일관성은 없었다. 모든 식이군의 간조직 GSH농도는 숫컷에서가 암컷에서보다 낮았으나 산화형 glutathione (GSSG) 농도는 식이나 성에 따른 차이가 없었다. 뇌조직에서는 식이지방에 따른 지질과산화물과 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ 농도의 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 간과 뇌의 양 조직에서 glutathione peroxidase나 superoxide dismutase의 활성이 식이에 따라 변화는 없었으나 glutathione peroxidase의 활성은 숫컷에서가 암컷에서보다 일관성있게 낮았다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 성(性)에 따른 항산화 기능에 차이가 있다는 것을 밝혔으며, 어유(魚油)를 통하여 C2O 이상의 ${\omega}3$ 다불포화지방산를 섭취할 때, 총 불포화도가 유사하거나 높은 $C18:2({\omega}6)$나 $C18:3({\omega}3)$ 지방산 섭취시보다 체내에서 많은 지질과산화들을 형성하며, 그에 따른 항산화물질의 소모가 크다는 것이 주목된다고 하겠다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Curcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric, is highly consumed in South Asia. However, curry that contains turmeric as its main spice might be the major source of curcumin in most other countries. Although curcumin consumption is not as high in these countries as South Asia, the regular consumption of curcumin may provide a significant health-beneficial effect. This study evaluated whether the moderate consumption of curry can affect blood glucose and lipid levels that become dysregulated with age. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2012 to 2013, to assess curry consumption frequency as well as blood glucose and blood lipid levels. The levels of blood glucose and lipids were subdivided by age, sex, and body mass index, and compared according to the curry consumption level. The estimates in each subgroup were further adjusted for potential confounding factors, including the diagnosis of diseases, physical activity, and smoking. RESULTS: After adjusting for the above confounding factors, the blood glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the moderate curry consumption group compared to the low curry consumption group, both in older (> 45) male and younger (30 to 44) female overweight individuals who have high blood glucose and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that curcumin consumption, in an ordinary diet, can have health-beneficial effects, including being helpful in maintaining blood glucose and triglyceride levels that become dysregulated with age. The results should be further confirmed in future studies.