• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.287.1-287.1
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• 2003

F$_2$-isoprostanes are derived in vivo principally from the formation of positional peroxyl radicals of arachidonic acid, endocyclization to prostaglandin G$_2$-like structures, and reduction to PGF$_2$-like compounds. F$_2$-isoprostanes have been proposed as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress status, and oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in atherogenesis. Especially, elevated 8-iso-PGF$\sub$2a/ is known as a useful clinical biomarker of oxidative stress in-end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). (omitted)

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.288-300
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• 2011

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the effects of Hwangryungeehwang-tang (HRGHT), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating diabetes, by administering aqueous extracts to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Three different dosages of HRGHT extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered). 6 groups, of 8 rats per group were used in the present study, selected 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment based on blood glucose levels and body weights. Changes to the body weights, blood glucose levels, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were observed, as well as changes on the pancreatic, hepatic and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) contents for lipid peroxidation and glutathione contents for antioxidant effects. The results were compared with a potent antioxidant silymarin 100 mg/kg, of which the effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related complications are already confirmed. Results : Significant decrease of blood glucose levels, serum LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal MDA contents and significant increase of body weights, serum HDL levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal GSH contents were detected in HRGHT extracts 100 and 200 mg/kg administered groups as compared to the streptozotocin control group. The lowest dosage of HRGHT treated group, 50 mg/kg, did not show any favorable effects as compared with the streptozotocin control. Conclusions : HRGHT has favorable effects on diabetes and related hyperlipidemia. Therefore, more detailed mechanism studies should be conduced in future with efficacy tests of individual herbal compositions of HRGHT and screening of the biological active compounds in the herbs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.714-723
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• 2012

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bupleuri Radix, aqueous extracts of the root part of Bupleurum falcatum on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Aqueous extracts of Bupleuri Radix (BR; yield = 11.73%) were administered, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 300 and 150 mg/kg (body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The changes on the body weight, thyroid gland weights, serum thyroid hormone - thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine ($T_3$) and thyroxine ($T_4$), serum lipid profiles - total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride, liver antioxidant defense system - lipid peroxidation, $H_2O_2$, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed with histopathology of thyroid glands. Results were compared with $LevoT_4$ 0.5 mg/kg treated rats. As results of PTU treatment, marked decreases of body weights, triglyceride contents, liver CAT activities and changes of serum thyroid hormone levels were observed with increases of serum AST, HDL contents, liver $H_2O_2$ and SOD activities and thyroid gland weight. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with decreases of follicular colloid contents and sizes were demonstrated at histopathological inspections. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of BR extracts, and BR extracts effectively regulated the hypothyroidism related changes on the antioxidant defense system. The results obtained in this study suggest that BR extracts have favorable effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism mediated by the modulatory effects on the antioxidant defense system.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.630-637
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• 2010

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lonicerae Flos, aqueous extracts of the dried flower bud part of Lonicera japonica on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Aqueous extracts of Lonicerae Flos (LF yield = 23.80%) were administered, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 500 and 250 mg/kg (body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The changes on the body weight, thyroid gland weights, serum thyroid hormone - thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine ($T_3$) and thyroxine ($T_4$), serum lipid profiles - total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride were observed with liver antioxidant defense system - lipid peroxidation, $H_2O_2$, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and serum asparte aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) analysis. Results were compared with Levothyroxine ($LT_4$) 0.5 mg/kg treated rats. As results of PTU treatment, marked decreases of body weights, serum thyroid hormone levels and triglyceride contents, liver $H_2O_2_3$ and SOD activities were observed with increases of serum AST and HDL contents, liver CAT activities, thyroid gland weight. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of LF extracts, and LF extracts effectively regulated the hypothyroidism related changes on the antioxidant defense system. The results obtained in this study suggest that LF extracts have favorable effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism mediated by the modulatory effects on the antioxidant defense system.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of medicinal plants used by diabetic patients. Fourteen medicinal plants were selected and antioxidant activity such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition effect of linoleic acid autoxidation and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were measured. The Cornus officinalis had DPPH radical scavenging activity of 84.79%, which was higher than the 78.79% for $\alpha$-tocopherol. Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Pueraria thundergiana Bentham, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis and Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai also had high values. Extracts with higher DPPH radical scavenging activities had higher total phenol concentrations, and positive correlations between these parameters were found. Inhibitory activities of linoleic acid autoxidation, LDL oxidation and TBA value, used as indices of oxidative stress, were observed in most of the selected medicinal plants. The highest inhibitory activity for TBA value was observed in the extract of Pueraria thundergiana Bentham. Rosa rugosa Thunberg (75.50 %), Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai (74.00 %), and Cornus officinalis (73.00 %) all had high antioxidant activity against linoleic acid autoxidation, similar to that of $\alpha$-tocopherol. The same 3 plants also had high in inhibitory activity against LDL oxidation. Therefore, we demonstrated that medicinal plants used as folk remedy by diabetic patients had antioxidant activity. Especially, Rosa rugosa Thunberg, Cornus officinalis, Pueraria thundergiana Bentham, Arlemisia princeps var. orientalis, and Sasamorpha purpurascens Nakai had high phenol concentrations which resulted in high values for DPPH radical scavenging. These same plants exhibited high values for inhibitory activities for TBA value, linoleic acid autoxidation and LDL oxidation, indices associated with lipid peroxidation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Object : This study was to evaluate the effect of Ginseng Radix, aqueous extracts of the root part of Panax ginseng on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil(PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods : Aqueous extracts of Ginseng Radix(GR; yield = 11.70%) were administered, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 300 and 150 mg/kg(body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10mg/kg for 28 days. The changes in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, serum levels of thyroid hormone-thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), tri-iodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and triglyceride, liver antioxidant defense system-lipid peroxidation, $H_2O_2$, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were observed with histopathology of thyroid glands. Results : Results were compared with LevoT4 0.5mg/kg treated rats. GR extracts suppressed the decreases in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, T3 and T4, TG, liver $H_2O_2$ and SOD activities as results of PTU treatment. And GR extracts suppressed the increases of HDL contents, liver CAT activities, thyroid gland weight as results of PTU treatment. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with decreases of follicular colloid contentsand sizes were demonstrated at histopathological inspections. However, these PTU-induced histopathological changes related to hypothyroidism were dramatically decreased by treatment of both different dosages of GR extract, respectively Conclusions : This study suggest that GR extracts have favorable effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism mediated by the modulatory effects on the antioxidant defense system.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2014

Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by an increased inflammatory state and chronic oxidative stress with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, obesity alters cholesterol metabolism with increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols and triglycerides and decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols. It has been shown that mulberry leaf and fruit ameliorated hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in obese and diabetic subjects. We hypothesized that supplementation with mulberry leaf combined with mulberry fruit (MLFE) ameliorate cholesterol transfer proteins accompanied by reduction of oxidative stress in the high fat diet induced obesity. Mice were fed control diet (CON) or high fat diet (HF) for 9 weeks. After obesity was induced, the mice were administered either the HF or the HF with combination of equal amount of mulberry leaf and fruit extract (MLFE) at 500mg/kg/day by gavage for 12 weeks. MLFE treatment ameliorated HF induced oxidative stress demonstrated by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and modulated the expression of 2 key proteins involved in cholesterol transfer such as scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in the HF treated animals. This effect was mainly noted in liver tissue rather than in cutaneous tissue. Collectively, this study demonstrated that MLFE treatment has beneficial effects on the modulation of high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and on the regulation of cholesterol transporters. These results suggest that MLFE might be a beneficial substance for conventional therapies to treat obesity and its complications.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of skate cartilage extracts containing chondroitin sulfate (SCS) on hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed mice in comparison with the effects of shark cartilage-derived chondroitin sulfate (CS). MATERIALS/METHODS: Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-KO) mice were fed HCD with an oral administration of CS (50 and 100 mg/kg BW/day), SCS (100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day), or water, respectively, for ten weeks. RESULTS: The administration of CS or SCS reduced the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL cholesterol and elevated the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CS or SCS significantly attenuated inflammation by reducing the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and hepatic protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and IL-1beta (P < 0.05). In particular, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced only in the 100 mg/kg BW/day of SCS-fed group, whereas the IL-6 level was reduced in the 100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day of SCS-fed groups (P < 0.05). In addition, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production were attenuated in the livers of the CS and SCS groups mediated by the upregulation of hepatic proteins of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the biological effects of SCS, similar to those of CS, are attributed to improved lipid profiles as well as suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress induced by the intake of HCD.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2000

Atherosclerosis is emerging as one of the major causes of death in Korea as well as Western societies. In the present study; hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effects of the ethanol extract of Allium victorialis Makino was investigated using the conventional rabbit and the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-transgenic mouse model. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding high cholesterol diet to the animals for 30 days and they were then fed with high cholesterol diet containing 0.5% of the A. victorialis extract for additional 30 (or 40) days. In the experiment using rabbits, treatment with the A. victorialis extract significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride levels and lipid peroxidation compared to those in the control group. Total cholesterol contents in the liver and the heart were also significantly decreased. Lipid staining of the aorta isolated from the rabbits showed that treatment with the A. victorialis extract decreased formation of atheromatous plaques on the intima of the aorta. In the experiment employing CETP transgenic mouse model, treatment with the A. victorialis extract decreased the levels of plasma total cholesterol and the tissue triglyceride levels in the heart. These results demonstrated that the ethanol extract of A. victorialis lowered serum cholesterol levels, tissue lipid contents and accumulation of cholesterol in the artery.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2020

There has been a lot of interest in medicinal effects for hyperlipidemia from the natural product since the therapy of atherosclerosis has emerged as social concern. Rats were acclimated to the feeding environment for one week and induced to obesity with high fat diet during 4 weeks until their body weight were more than 30% of normal range. To evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia of mulberry leaf of Morus alba and yacon tuber of Smallanthus sonchifolia extracts (MLYT), 1%, 3%, 5% of MLYT were treated to Sprague-Dawley rats. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was significantly increased 26.2% in high fat diet group (G2) compared to normal diet group (G1) (P<0.05). But AST were significantly decreased in high fat diet with 0.5% hydroxycitric acid diet group (G3) and all the MLYT treated groups compared to G2. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and phospholipids were observed significant improvements in the MLYT-treated groups (P<0.05). These improvements in liver and feces were further supported by the lipid content. MLYT remarkably suppressed the level of lipid peroxidation caused by high-fat diet in rats. The level of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. As a result, the proper combination of mulberry leaves and yacon tuber extract will have a synergistic effect on hyperlipidemia. These results indicate that MLYT could be a candidate for the improvement of hyperlipidemia.