• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2014

Fatty acids (FAs) are highly diverse in terms of carbon (C) chain-length and number of double bonds. FAs with C>20 are called very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). VLCFAs are found not only as constituents of cellular lipids such as sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids but also as precursors of lipid mediators. Our understanding on the function of VLCFAs is growing in parallel with the identification of enzymes involved in VLCFA synthesis or degradation. A variety of inherited diseases, such as ichthyosis, macular degeneration, myopathy, mental retardation, and demyelination, are caused by mutations in the genes encoding VLCFA metabolizing enzymes. In this review, we describe mammalian VLCFAs by highlighting their tissue distribution and metabolic pathways, and we discuss responsible genes and enzymes with reference to their roles in pathophysiology.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.391-398
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• 1990

The intradermal injection of Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 6919) into the ears of female Sprague-Dawley rats produced a chronic inflammation with the formation of acneiform lesions. Inflammation was characterized by more than four times of ear thickness and 2.8 times of ear weight at day 21. Histologically, massive infiltration of neutrophils, macrophage and lymphocytes, hyperplastic epidermis, comedones containing keratin mass and inflammatory materials were observed. Both ginseng saponin and extract from Korean red ginseng significantly redliced the ear thickness and their effects were similar to that of benzoyl peroxide. Ginseng samples and beneoyl peroxide modified lipid constituents of P. acnesinjected rat ear tissues. Even though no marked histological changes in inflammatory lesions were observed in ginseng-treated ear tissues, Korean red ginseng showed a possibility of reduce in the risk of acne development.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.720-726
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• 1996

The neurotoxicity induced by L-glutamate in primary cultures of rat cortical cells could be attenuated by diterpene constituents of Ginkgo biloba leaves, ginkgolides A, B and C. At the concentration of 100 nM, ginkgolides up-regulated the activity of glutathione reductase in primary cultures of rat cortical cells exposed to 100 ${\mu}$M glutamate. Furthermore, ginkgolides increased the content of reduced glutathione in glutamate-treated cortical cells. However, ginkgolides showed little effect in reducing superoxide dismutase activity. Ginkgolides did, however, markedly block the production of malondialdehyde, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation in glutamate-treated rat cortical cells.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1982

To determine the effect of r-irradiation on the microorganisms destruction and the changes of general constituents of Ginseng Powder, three samples were analyzed at 1st and 3rd month after r-irradiation. The results were as follows: 1. Total bacterial counts were decreased during storage as the irradiation dose increased. It seems that about 300 Krad was satisfactory to the regulation of ginseng powder. ($5.0 \times 10^4 /g$) 2. Coliform group was also decreased during storage as the irradiation dose increased. Coliform group was not detected at the irradiation dose higher than 500 Krad. 3. Total bacterial counts and coilform group were in proportion to the content of moisture in ginseng powder. 4. The contents of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid and total sugar in ginseng powder during storage had nearly no changes. 5. The content of reducing sugar in ginseng powder during storage had the increasing tendencies as the irradiation dose increased. 6. The content of amino-nitrogen in ginseng powder during storage had the decreasing tendencies as the irradiation does increased.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1995

The antioxidant activity and the pharmacologically active constituents such as nucleosides and phenolic substancs of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (white ginseng powder) treated with gamma irradiation (Rl group) and ethylene oxide fumigation (EO group) were compared with those of non-treated ginseng (control group). High performance liquid chromatograms of nucleosides in three groups were similar with each other. The bathochromic effect of phenolic substances at W absorption region tends to be higher for EO group than Rl group. This tendency was also observed in heat treatment of each group. However, the antioxidant activity may have some effects on the labile property of phenolic substances. In summary the gamma-irradiated ginseng was more stable than the ethylene oxide-treated ginseng, but both ginseng samples gave the similar antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1968

Chlorella ellipsoidea were grown in a Mg-free medium. Aliquots of the algal cell were taken out at the beginning and predetermined time intervals during the culture and were analyzed the contents of phosphate in various fractions of the cell constituents. The results obtained were compared with those of the control. When Chlorella cells were grown in a Mg-free medium, the contents of phosphate in the DNA protein, RNA-olyphosphate complex, nucleotidic-lbileP, and PCA-soluble, fractions decreased compared with those of the control, while the content of acid insoluble polyphosphate increased significantly. On the otherhand, RNA-P and lipid-P showed the tendency of decrease at the early stage of the culture, but they were increased more than those in the control as culture proceeds. It is showed that phosphate turnover from acid-insoluble polyphosphate into DNA, protein, and RNA-polyphosphate complex was inhibited by magnesium-deficiency of the cells.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1981

1.Each cells homogenized from Undaria were reacted in reaction micture to persue the phosphate metabolism in Undaria cell. Aliquots of the cells were taken out at the begin-ning and at intervals during the reaction, and analyzed for the content of total-P in various fractions of the cell constituents. 2.The P-contents in fraction of polyphosphate "B" decreased remarkably, while that in fraction of RNA polyphosphate "C" showed slow increase. 3.As well as in Chlorella cells, inorganic phosphates in DNA-P, protein-P, and lipid-P were transferred from polyphosphate, RNA-P turnovered from inorganic phosphate that is in cytoplasm, and RNA polyphosphate complex from polyphosphate, and it was suggested that inorganic phosphates in polyphosphate "B" could transformed into polyphosphate "A" & "C", and polyphosphate "C" into polyphosphate "A".

• 미생물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

Effect of some nutrients on the growth of 3 yeast strains in the pulp mill waste liquor was determined during an attempt to lower the BOD content of the waste liquor and to produce the fodder yeast. The strains applied were Debaryomyces castelli Capriotti, D.phoffi Capriotti, and Cryptococcus luteolus (Saito)Skinner. The necessity of the addition of 0.2% ${NH_4}2SO_4$ 0.5% yeast extract, 0.2% $NH_2SO_4$, and 0.1% $MgSO_4$.$7H_2$O for the best growth of all three strains in the waste liquor was ascertained as a result. After 3-day treatment of the yeast cells on the waste liquor, the BOD content was lowered by about 60-70%. Harvested yeast cells contained ca. 75% water with 1.5-3% lipid, 40-46% protein, 50% carbohydrate and 3-5% ash on the dry weight basis, indicating the possibility of being utilized as the fodder yeast.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.66.3-67
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species are capable of damaging biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which can not only lead to various diseases, but also oxidative damage resulting aging. In our previous study, Cercis chinensis (Leguminosae) showed a potent antioxidant activity. Twenty compounds including a new flavonol glycoside were isolated through antioxidant activity-guided fractionation. C. chinensis and some of the constituents exhibited a potent antioxidant activity on the free radicals and lipid peroxidation and a notable protective effect on the t-BuOOH induced oxidative damage. (omitted)

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.591-600
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• 2013

This study investigated the changes in the nutraceutical lipid components of brown rice oil after germination. Four different high-yielding cultivars (Dasan1, Segyejinmi, Hanareum1 and Hanareum2) of Korean brown rice were selected and brown rice oil was extracted from each cultivar before and after germination. Free fatty acid, squalene, policosanols, and isomers of phytosterol were analyzed using GC, and isomers of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were quantified using HPLC from both brown rice oil (BRO) and germinated brown rice oil (GBRO). The contents of phytosterol isomers, campesterol, stigmasterol, and ${\beta}$-sitosterol were increased by 8.3%, 31.6%, 3.3% in GBRO, respectively. Furthermore, the squalene content showed the highest increase of up to 2.4 fold in GBRO compared to BRO. In addition, linoleic and linolenic acid composition increased whereas oleic and palmitic acid decreased in the GRBO. However, the contents of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) in GBRO were lower than those in BRO, and there was no significant difference in policosanol and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol between GBRO and BRO. These results suggest that GBRO has the potential as a healthy and functional source due to its lipid profile on improved lipid metabolism.