• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the lipid and collagen content and drip volume on the hardness of fish meat. Red sea bream (cultured and wild) and flounder (cultured, cultured with obosan and wild) were used for this study. Textural differences between cultured and wild meats were determined by the measurements of hardness, lipid and collagen content, and drip volume. Lipid content of the dorsal muscle was higher especially in cultured red sea bream (3.32%) than in wild one. Cultured and wild flounder contained lower content of lipid than red sea bream. The content of collagen was higher in cultured flounder fed with obosan (8.37 mg/g muscle) and wild flounder (8.02 mg/g muscle) than others. Drip volume was the highest in cultured flounder fed with obosan (8.67%). The hardness of raw meat was correlated with the contents of lipid (r= -0.7063) and collagen (r= 0.8307), significantly. Cultured fish contained more lipid and less collagen than wild one. So, the hardness of these fish meats was lower than wild one. However, cultured flounder fed with obosan showed no difference in hardness compared with wild one. In the cooked meat, there was no relationship between the hardness of fish meat and the contents of lipid and collagen. But, the drip volume was significantly related with the hardness (r= 0.6870). From these results, the factors contributing the textural difference between wild and cultured fish meat would be the lipid and collagen contents, and two ways to improve the texture of cultured fish meat could be suggested. One is to lower the lipid content by feed control, and the other is to raise the collagen content by inducing more fish movement.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.345-353
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• 2019

Various commercial collagen mixtures aimed at improving the quality of meat products are available, but the optimal composition is unclear. This study aimed to compare the functional properties, including physicochemical characteristics and lipid oxidative stability, of loin ham marinated with three commercial collagen mixtures sold as food additives. The addition of collagen mixtures led to significant increases in the moisture content, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, and instrumental tenderness, regardless of the type of collagen mixture. In particular, meat samples containing collagen mixture C showed the highest (p<0.05) WHC and tenderness among all groups. Furthermore, collagen mixture B induced increases (p<0.05) in pH values in both raw and cooked samples. The $a^*$ values of samples with collagen mixtures were lower (p<0.05) than those of samples without collagen mixtures. All collagen mixtures effectively improved oxidative stability during 7 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The samples containing collagen mixture B had the lowest lipid oxidation (p<0.05) among groups. These results indicated that collagen mixture C could be used in injection brine to enhance the quality characteristics of meat products, particularly the WHC and tenderness. Collagen mixture A could be used for meat products with high fat contents based on its ability to improve lipid oxidative stability during long-term storage.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

We investigated the pathogenesis of liver tissue damage during the lipid peroxidation and fibrogenesis with the observation of correlations between the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) and lipid peroxidation in liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) rats. Rats were randomly divided into two groups, normal and $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. intoxicated group. And the one group was treated intragastrically with the mixture of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The liver tissue and sera were used for the measurement of hydroxyproline (HYP), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total-bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Additionally, the expression of collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) and $\beta$-actin mRNA was observed by RTPCR. The histological change in liver tissue was also observed by Masson's trichrome and H&E staining. Correlation analysis was carried by Spearman's rho method. All biochemical parameters except total-bilirubin were significantly higher in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group (p < 0.01). In the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group, Hyp as a parameter of collagen synthesis (deposition) and MDA as a metabolite of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated by 1.98 and 2.11 times higher than that of the normal group (p < 0.001) respectively. The activity of SOD in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group is decreased significantly by 44.8% (p < 0.001). And collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) mRNA was more expressed in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group. However, the expression of $\beta$-actin mRNA is showed similar in both of groups. A good correlation was observed between the content of hyp and MDA concentration (r = 0.70, n = 40) in the two groups. And the correlation between the levels of hyp and SOD (r = -0.71, n = 25) is also reliable. However, no correlation were observed between MDA concentration and SOD (r = -0.40, n = 25) in the two groups. Elevated levels of MDA in $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated rats indicated enhancement of lipid peroxidation, which is accompanied by a decrease in SOD activity. Moreover, we could confirm that the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) is in good correlation with the metabolite of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the lipid peroxidation antagonizing enzyme (SOD). Hence, we propose that (1) lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) could be enhanced by intragastrically application of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. during a short terms. And (2) the intoxication of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. could be used for monitoring of lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) for test of antioxidant and antifibrotic agent.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2004

The quality of cultured fish was evaluated in this study by using physicochemical method. The speed of a current was taken a decision 0.5 m/s by a preliminary experiment. No-exercise trained group was not much significantly changed moisture content, lipid content, collagen content and breaking strength during cultured time (P＞0.05). But moisture content of exercise trained group was 72.05$\pm$1.45% at the first time and increased to 3% after 20 days. Lipid content was initially 5.36$\pm$0.90% and reduced to 46% during the cultured time. The breaking strength increased during cultured time, on the contrary collagen content did not change significantly. Relation between each elements during the cultured time, moisture content and lipid content was significantly correlated with breaking strength (P＜0.05, r=0.60 and P＜0.05, 0.56). But relation between breaking strength and collagen content was not clear (P＞0.05, r=0.16). These results were suggested that the increase of breaking strength after exercise was affected by lipid content not collagen content.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2022

This study investigated the collagen and texture properties of commonly consumed sliced raw fish species (CC-SRF) [olive flounder (OF), red seabream (RS), Atlantic salmon (AS), coho salmon (CoS) and sockeye salmon (SS)] distributed in Korea as sliced raw fishes. The crude lipid contents of CC-SRF were 5.5% for OF, 6.8% for RS, 18.5% for AS, 16.1% for CoS, and 5.7% for SS. The collagen content and solubility from CC-SRF were 622 mg/100 g and 78.0%, respectively, in OF, 270 mg/100 g and 75.6%, respectively, in RS, 237 mg/100 g and 24.1%, respectively, in AS, 341 mg/100 g and 65.7%, respectively, in CoS, and 246 mg/100 g and 17.9%, respectively, in SS. The texture of CC-SRF was affected by the lipid content, collagen content, acid solubility, hydroxylation, and cross linkage degree. The highest hardness of CC-SRF was obtained from OF, followed by RS, SS, AS and CoS. There was, however, no difference (P>0.05) in hardness between OF and RS and between AS and CoS.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

Renal dysfunction could be developed as the secondary disease of liver cirrhosis. Delayed or suppresed lipid peroxidation by the treatment with physiological active substances could be explained as the antioxidative and protective effect in tissue damage. In this study, we investigated an antioxidative effect and renal function improvement of Hovenia dulcis in liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) induced rats. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (180∼210 g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ mixture treated group, AC-HV: CCl₄ mixture+ Hovenia dulcis treated group) and renal damage was developed by CCl₄ mixture administration in 4 weeks (0.8 ㎖/rat). The tissue of kidney and liver and sera were used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity, MDA and Hyp. The histological change and gene expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and a1(IV) mRNA were observed by Masson's trichrome staining and RT-PCR. As a result, the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function (AST and ALT) in sera of AC-HV group showed significantly 46.4% and 104.8% lower (p<0.005), and the level of ALP and BUN as the parameter of protein urine and azotemia showed 17.8 % and 25.8 % lower than in AC group. In AC-HV group, the concentration of MDA in kidney and liver was decreased significantly 15.8% and 21.3% when compared with AC group (p<0.01 -0.005). The content of Hyp in kidney of AC-HV group is merely higher than in AC group, in contrast to liver tissue. The expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and collagen α1(IV) mRNA was decreased in AC, but both of collagen mRNA in normal and AC-HV group expressed fast similar. More massive lipid droplets, thicker collagen fiber bundles in portal triads and more formation of portal central septum were observed in the liver of AC group than in AC-HV group. In conclusion, CCl₄ mixture intoxication could be developed not only liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) but also renal dysfunction by the massive lipid peroxidation and suppression of interstitial collagen and basement membrane collagen synthesis. And the water extract of Hovenia dulcis may be possessed the antioxidative and protective effect and improvement of kidney function in renal dysfunction induced rats.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.953-961
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dorsal cranial myopathy (DCM) on chicken meat quality. Methods: Sixty-six Ross 308 AP broilers, 47 days old, of both sexes, weighing about 3.51 kg, were slaughtered according to standard industrial practices, and evaluated for meat color, pH, chemical composition, collagen content, fatty acid profile, and histopathological parameters. Comparisons between normal and DCM-affected meat were performed using Student's t-test at the 5% significance level. Results: Histological analysis of muscle tissues affected by DCM showed myofiber degeneration, proliferation of inflammatory cells, fibroplasia, and necrosis with fibrosis. DCM samples had lower protein content and higher moisture, ash, insoluble collagen, total collagen, and pH. DCM-affected meat was redder and more yellowish. There were no differences in lipid or soluble collagen contents between groups. DCM-affected meat had higher percentages of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3). Conclusion: This study revealed that DCM-affected meat exhibits considerable changes in quality parameters.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lycii fructus (LF) on serum lipid and the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups : sham-operated rat (Sham), ovariectomized control rat (OVX-control), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with the LF 50mg/kg bw/day (OVX-LF). The LF ethanol extract were orally administrated 1ml per day. Body weight gain was not significantly different in groups. Although total-cholesterol and triglyceride were increased in the ovariectomized control, supplementation with the LF extract decreased the levels. Moreover, the serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased after supplementation with the LF extract(p<0.05). Supplementation with the LF extract prevented a decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. These results are consistent with the conclusions based on the estrogenic activities of LF. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2001

The oxidative stress causes the cell damage and death and thereby, stimulates membrane lipid peroxidation. In this study, the correlation between the lipid peroxidation product and the parameter of liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) was investigated in cholestasis induced rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (sham: sham operation, BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II : bile duct ligation/scission) and were observed for 2 or 4 weeks. After observation period, the organs were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. Sera and liver tissue were used for the measurement of malondealdehyde (MDA), parameter of clinical biochemistry, total collagen content and the staining. The ratio of organ weight/body weight in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II was significantly increased compared to sham operated group. Serological parameters (Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase and Total bilirubin) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group were significantly higher than those in sham operated group. Concentration of MDA in BDL/S-I (261%) and BDL/S-II(790%) was significantly increased compared to MDA in sham operated group. And the content of hydroxyproline (hyp) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group was significantly increased 2~4 times than in sham operated group. The good correlations between hyp in liver tissue and MDA in sera of sham operated group and all operated group were found (r=0.825). The significantly higher value of MDA, hyp and serological parameters in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group suggests the stimulation of lipid peroxidation and chronic liver damage. Especially the activation of lipid peroxidation and the stimulation of liver fibrosis was stronger in BDL/S-II group than in BDL/S-I group. The stronger fibrosis, portal-portal septum formation, the more massive bile duct proliferation in portal triads and stroma, and hepatocytes swelling were observed in liver tissue of and BDL/S-II group compared to BDL/S-I group. Conclusively, a good correlation between MDA as a lipid peroxidation marker and hyp as a liver fibrotic parameter could be connected with the process of liver fibrosis. Moreover, cholestasis condition may cause jaundice, activation of lipid peroxidation, and collagen accumulation in liver. Additionally, optimal observation period of bile duct obstruction for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in rats would be four weeks.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2000

Thig study was conducted to get a knowledge on chemical components of the cooked tuna bones (skipjack tuna bone and yellowfin tuna bone) as a food resource. The crude protein of tuna bone was around $29{\%}$ on the dry basis. The imino acid content (193 imino acid residues /1,000 amino acid residues) of collagen extracted from yellowfin tuna bone was higher than that (173 imino acid residues /1,000 amino acid residues) of collagen extracted from skipjack tuna bone, however, it was lower than that of collagen extracted from animal bone. The content and the ratio of unsatuated fatty acids in lipid extracted from yellowfin tuna bone were higher than those of lipid extracted from skipjack tuna bone, but they were lower than those of squid viscera oil. The contents of calcium and phosphorus as the major components of the tuna tone were 36.5 g and 17.2 g in 100 g ash in the skipjack, respectively, and 38.0 g and 18.7 g in 100 g ash in the yellowfin, respectively. It was concluded from these results that tuna bones could be effectively utilized as a mineral source.