• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 2019

Background: Factors affecting oral function include tooth number, oral muscle strength, and oral diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among oral environment, muscle, and microbiology. Methods: Fifty-six elderly individuals in a day care center were included in the study. The survey regarding tongue and lip muscle strength and oral microorganisms was conducted from November to December 2018. Results: Tongue and lip muscle strength were greater in men than women (p>0.05). Tongue muscle strength was greater in the ${\leq}80-year-old$ group ($34.94{\pm}9.85$) than the ${\geq}90-year-old$ group ($25.57{\pm}7.54$) (p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength and lip muscle strength were greater in the ${\geq}15$ functional teeth group ($34.08{\pm}9.31$ and $9.25{\pm}1.63$, respectively) than in the <15 functional teeth group ($28.08{\pm}7.53$ and $7.76{\pm}1.51$, respectively) (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with functional tooth number, denture use, and tongue muscle strength. The number of functional teeth was positively correlated with tongue muscle strength, lip muscle strength, and oral microorganisms. Denture use was negatively correlated with tongue and lip muscle strength. Tongue muscle strength was significantly correlated with lip muscle strength. The number of Eubacterium nodatum was higher in men than women. The number of Parvimonas micra and Enterococcus faecalis was higher in the groups with ${\geq}15$ functional teeth, denture use, and greater tongue and lip muscle strength. The number of Lactobacillus casei was higher in the group that uses dentures and with greater tongue strength. Conclusion: Oral microbiology is more important in oral environment and management than oral muscle function. The correlation between oral muscle and oral microorganism requires further study. Therefore, oral care training should be conducted to improve the oral care practice of elderly individuals, maintain oral health through oral care, and prevent the decrease in saliva secretion by aging.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the strength of the tongue/lip strength and speech production for dysarthric adults with cerebral palsy. The maximal tongue and lip strengths of 22 normal adults, 27 dysarthric adults (10 adults with mild dysarthria, 10 adults with moderate dysarthria, and 7 adults with severe dysarthria) were measured with Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The percentage of correct consonants (PCC) and speech intelligibility were calculated from the words and sentences spoken by the subjects. The results of the study are as follows: First, both the maximal tongue and the maximal lip strength differed significantly between the control group and the group with dysarthria. While the group with mild dysarthria did not show meaningful difference in maximal tongue and lip strengths from the control group, the group with moderate and severe dysarthria showed significantly weaker tongue and lip strength than the control group and the group with mild dysarthria. Second, the current study suggests the existence of a significant correlation between the maximal tongue and lip strength and the PCC and speech intelligibility within all subjects with dysarthria. These findings can serve as an effective foundation to diagnose dysarthria quickly and accurately. The results of this study also indicate that in addition to the maximal tongue strength, the maximal lip strength can prove to be an important index in predicting the speech intelligibility of dysarthric adults with cerebral palsy.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to (1) establish a Korean adult normative data for Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, (2) investigate the characteristics of maximal tongue and lip strength and tongue endurance scores according to age and gender, and (3) examine the correlation of those scores. The results showed that there were no significant differences of gender in maximal tongue strength and tongue endurance scores. But there were significant differences of age in maximal tongue and lip strength and tongue endurance scores. The data will provide an important database for speech language pathology with the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of tongue and lip dysfunction.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between oral function, oral environment, and brain cognitive function in the elderly. Methods: The subjects were 60 users of senior community center and elderly day care center. The survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Subjects were assessed by oral examination and myofunction test. Oral myofunction was measured using $IOPI^R$ and Lip de $Cum^R$. Survey data were analyzed using the statistical programs of PASW Statistics ver. 18.0. Results: Tongue muscle strength and lips muscle strength was higher in males than in females. The tongue and lip strengths were higher in the <81 years old group than the ${\geq}81$ years old group. Functional tooth analysis showed that there was a ${\geq}15$ teeth group ($40.91{\pm}7.36$) and a <15 teeth group ($32.52{\pm}7.14$). Lip muscle strength analysis showed that the ${\geq}15$ teeth group ($10.54{\pm}3.40$) was higher than the <15 teeth group ($8.20{\pm}2.41$, p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength, lumbar muscle strength, and functional tooth number were lower in the elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was significantly correlated with functional tooth number (r=0.386, p<0.001), tongue strength (r=0.478, p<0.001), and lip strength (r=0.281, p<0.05). Tongue strength was significantly correlated with lip strength (r=0.360, p<0.001) and functional tooth number (r=0.633, p<0.001). Lip strength was significantly correlated with functional tooth number (r=0.376, p<0.001). Conclusions: These results showed that age and functional tooth number influenced oral muscle strength and that the number of functional teeth and oral muscle strength were low in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Oral myofunction training and oral care program are suggested to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.147-152
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• 2002

Effect of lip shape on the hole flangeability of high strength steel sheets is investigated. Circular plates of various hole sizes are tested and the variation of lip length as well as the variation of thickness on the sectional views of the finished lip were studied. The conventional hole flanging process is limited to a certain limit hole diameter below which failure will ensue during the hole expansion. The intention of this work is to examine the effect of lip shape on the flangeability of TRIP steel and Ferrite-Bainite duplex steel and find out major parameters which can affect flanging shape of high strength hot rolled steels. Over the ranges of conditions investigated, the minimum hole diameter of F+B steel is better than TRIP steel. while, the lip-shape accuracy of TRIP steel is better than that of F+B steel. although the tensile strength and elongation of %P steel are superior than those of Ferrite-Bainite duplex steel, the flangeability is found to be not so strongly sensitive to the tensile properties but sensitive to displacement on the circumferential direction of hole edge.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2019

Background: Increasing age and loss of teeth weaken oral muscle strength. This study aimed to investigate the positive effects of orofacial myofunctional training on elderly people. Methods: Thirty six elderly individuals in a welfare center and a senior citizen center were included in this study. A survey regarding lip and tongue strength suvsequent to orofacial myofunctional training and oral health-related quality of life was conducted from April to June, 2019. Data were analyzed using PASW statistics ver. 18.0. Results: The experimental group, showed an increase in lip strength (from 9.79 to 10.31) and tongue strength (from 41.26 to 43.97) after orofacial myofunctional training. The perception of oral health-relatedquality of life was enhanced (from 2.26 to 2.07). In particular, the frequency of dry cough for food removal while swallowing decresed due to an incresed in the secretion of saliva (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the number of functional teeth was positively related to oral health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Orofacial myofunctional training for improving lip and tongue strength is effective in the elderly. In older societies, oral strength should be maintained to improve oral health-related quality of life. It also suggests the interest of oral health workers and applying orofacial myofunctional training programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 1993

This Paper aims to examine the effect of shear lip formation from cross-sections on fatigue crack propagation rate in order to study the fatigue fracture behavior of the high strength aluminum material (Al 2024-T3). The following tests were achieved from this research. 1. As a result of depressing shear lip artificially by adding a side groove to a specimen, it is shown that the propagation rate of fatigue crack is faster than that of general specimen. 2. Through the two-step load test, the phenomenon that the shear lip decreases In the part of changed load gets observed. Consequently It Is shown that the crack propagation rate gets faster.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.258-267
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the correlation of horizontal and sagittal planes used in two-dimensional diagnosis with lip canting by using three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Methods: Fifty-two patients (25 men, 27 women; average age: 24 years) undergoing treatment for dentofacial deformity were enrolled. Computed tomography images were acquired, and digital imaging and communication in medicine files were reconstructed into a 3D virtual model wherein horizontal and sagittal craniofacial planes were measured. Subsequently, the correlations of lip canting with these horizontal and sagittal planes were investigated. Results: The mandibular symmetry plane, the occlusal plane, Camper's plane, the mandibular plane, Broadbent's plane, and the nasal axis plane were correlated with the amount of lip canting (Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.761, 0.648, 0.556, 0.526, 0.438, and 0.406, respectively). Planes associated with the lower part of the face showed the strongest correlations; the strength of the correlations decreased in the midfacial and cranial regions. None of the planes showed statistically significant differences between patients with clinical lip canting (> 3°) and those without prominent lip canting. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that lip canting is strongly correlated with the mandibular symmetry plane, which includes menton deviation. This finding may have clinical implications with regard to the treatment of patients requiring correction of lip canting. Further studies are necessary for evaluating changes in lip canting after orthognathic surgery.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.465-470
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• 2001

Hole flanging experiments are performed on flat circular plates with a hole in the center and the flangeability and fracture behaviors of TRIP steels and ferrite-Bainite duplex steels were examined. In the hole flanging, deformation by lip and petalling occurs when plates are struck by punches of various shapes and high circumferential strains induced in the target material cause radial cracking and the subsequent rotation of the affected plate material in a number of symmetric petals. In all cases, failure of the plate was due to lip fracture that results from multiple localized neckings that take place around the hole periphery where straining is most severe and a somewhat regular pattern was observed in a fracture shape. The neck characteristics in flange formation and the transition from the lip to petal mode at which fracture occurs were compared with two materials.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2024

Among the subgroups of speech sound disorder (SSD), the motor speech disorder (MSD) group is characterized by weak articulatory force. This study quantitatively measured and compared articulatory muscle strength between SSD and typically developing (TD) children. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) was used to measure lip and tongue strength in 15 children with SSD and 15 TD children. We additionally measured peak lip and tongue pressure and endurance, and analyzed the correlation between each strength measure and the percentage of consonants correct (PCC). The findings were as follows: First, lip strength for the bilabial sounds did not differ between the two groups in the initial position but was significantly weaker in the SSD group in the final position. Tongue strength for alveolar sounds was weaker in the SSD group than in the TD group for the initial and final positions. Second, for lip and tongue strength, the difference in voicing features was significant in the TD group but not in the SSD group. Third, the peak pressure and endurance of the lips and tongue were significantly lower in the SSD group than in the TD group. Fourth, significantly higher static correlations were observed between most strength measures and the PCC. These findings suggest that weakness in articulatory motor execution may be an unrecognized underlying problem of SSD with unknown origin.