• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.373-381
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• 2009

Evidence of linkage is expressed as a decreasing trend of the squared trait difference of two siblings with increasing identical by descent scores. In contrast to successes in the application of a parametric approach of Haseman-Elston regression, notably low powers are demonstrated in the nonparametric linkage analysis methods for complex traits and diseases with sib-pairs data. We report that the Genehunter nonparametric linkage statistic is biased and furthermore the variance formula that they used is an inflated one, and this is one reason for a low performance. Thus, we propose bias-corrected nonparametric linkage statistics. Simulation studies comparing our proposed nonparametric test statistics versus the existing test statistics suggest that the bias-corrected new nonparametric test statistics are more powerful and attains efficiencies close to that of Haseman-Elston regression.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.592-596
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• 2010

In a multi-layer interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, the d- and q-axis parameters vary nonlinearly according to different load conditions, consequently changing the level of saturation. The flux-linkage of d- and q-axis conveys ripple characteristics resulting from mechanical structure and degree of magnetic saturation. If the calculated flux-linkage is correct, the torque using the Maxwell stress tensor method is the same torque calculated by the flux-linkage. However, discrepancy between results exists. In this paper, the d- and q-axis flux-linkage, in consideration of the ripple characteristic, is calculated. Simulation results are then compared with experimental results.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.30.3-30
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• 2001

In this paper, we designed the 6-wheeled mobile robot (6-WMR) with the passive linkage mechanism which enables 6-WMR to passively adapt to the given stairs. To overcome the limit of adaptability to the terrain of conventional WMR and improve the energy efficiency, we proposed the new WMR using the passive linkage mechanism. The passive linkage mechanism consists of the simple four-bar linkage mechanism which allows 6-WMR to climb stairs with adaptability and an additional link which is connected to the four-bar linkage mechanism by a pin-slot joint to enable 6-WMR to passively go up the stairs. We made a miniature model of the proposed 6-WMR ...

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2019

This paper presents the kinematic modeling of the human forearm rotation constructed with a spatial four-bar linkage. Especially, a circumduction of the distal ulna is modeled for a minimal displacement of the position of the hand during the forearm rotation from the supination to the pronation. To establish its model, four joint types of the four-bar linkage are, firstly, assigned with the reasonable grounds, and then the spatial linkage having the URUU (Universal-Revolute-Universal-Universal) joint type is proposed. Kinematic analysis is conducted to show the behavior of the distal radio-ulna as well as to evaluate the angular displacements of all the joints. From the simulation result, it is, finally, revealed that the URUU spatial linkage can be substituted for the URUR (Universal-Revolute-Universal-Revolute) spatial linkage by a kinematic constraint.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to develop a linkage map of soybean under the genetic background of Korean soybean. A set of 89 F/sub 5/ lines was developed from a cross between 'Pureunkong', which was released for soy-bean sprout, and 'Jinpumkong 2', which had no beany taste in seed due to lack of lipoxygenase 1, 2, and 3. A linkage map was constructed for this population with a set of 113 genetic markers including 7 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, 79 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, 24 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers, and 3 morphological markers. The map defined approximately 807.4 cM of the soybean genome comprising 25 linkage groups with 98 polymorphic markers. Fifteen markers remained unlinked. Seventeen linkage groups identified here could be assigned to the respective 13 linkage groups in the USDA soybean genetic map. RFLP and SSR markers segregated at only single genetic loci. Fourteen of the 25 linkage groups contained at least one SSR marker locus. Map positions of most of the SSR loci and their linkages with RFLP markers were consistent with previous reports of the USDA soybean linkage groups. For RAPD, banding patterns of 13 decamer primers showed independent segregations at two or more marker loci for each primer. Only the segregation at op Y07 locus was expressed with codominant manner among all RAPD loci. As the soybean genetic map in our study is more updated, molecular approaches of agronomically important genes would be useful to improve Korean soybean improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.55-65
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• 2002

The Purpose of this study is to suggest the necessity of linking and coordinating Cultural Tourism Festivals among local governments and to propose a plan for maximizing the effects of these festivals. The 'World Ceramic Exposition 2001 Korea' which took place from August 10th to October 28th was selected as a case study for the linkage plan of Cultural Tourism Festivals among local governments. Data were collected from a random sampling of visitors to 'World Ceramic Exposition 2001 Korea' from 24 to 28 October, 2001. 369 samples from a total 375 respondents were used for the final analysis. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of the cognition and satisfaction about the effects of the festival linkage among local governments and the preference of festival linkage types. The results of the analysis showed that not only festival staff but also visitors recognized the necessity of linking festivals among regions. Both visitors and festival staff had a positive attitude about the effects of the linked festival. In addition, they highly rated the 'World Ceramic Exposition 2001 Korea' as a successful festival. Visitors were satisfied with the festival. Furthermore, the number of visitors was more than staff expected. The organizing committee and staff considered the 'World Ceramic Exposition 2001 Korea' as a successful festival. The successful evaluation of the 'World Ceramic Exposition 2001 Korea' was related to the successful linkage of the festival. This study originated in the increased necessity of linking cultural Tourism Festivals among local governments. Since it is a transcendental study, it is not only significant but also limited. However, in the near future, more varied case studies about the linkages of Festivals will be conducted and these will generalize the results of this study and test the effectiveness of the linkage plans through positive analysis. For the effective linking of festivals among regions, it is necessary to study the definition of factors that affect visitors satisfaction, and determine which methods will improve visitors satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.591-596
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• 2022

Since 4-bar linkage widely used in various industrial fields has a fixed link length, it is inconvenient to add an independent link structure or control device to change the movement of output link. Therefore, this paper proposes a new concept of variable 4-bar linkage mechanism to selectively adjust the movement of the output link to fit desired situations, and applied to the commercial table fans, which is a representative product using a 4-bar linkage system. The optimal rotation angle steps for efficiency are determined experimentally and the appropriate lengths of linkage to fit each step are calculated analytically. Changes in the linkage length are implemented by the rotational motion using a grooved cylindrical cam and the feasibility of the proposed variable linkage mechanism is verified through fabrication and measurement. The presented variable link mechanism is expected to improve the efficiency of industrial robots and fuel valve systems.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.43
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• pp.42-75
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• 2000

Violence against women includes sexual violence, domestic violence, trafficking, etc. It is a serious problem that violates women's rights and basic freedom. In Korea, with the enactment of the laws on sexual violence and domestic violence in the 1990s, counseling centers and protective facilities for the victims began to be established and have been rapidly increasing in number recently. The purpose of this research was to investigate the current status of the counseling services with a focus on their linkage function. 78 out of 109 counselors working in the counseling centers for sexual and domestic violence throughout Korea responded to a mail survey. The questions included the general characteristics of the centers and the counselors, the structural, relationship and process dimensions of linkage function, and the subjective and objective aspects of the degree of linkage. The findings of the analysis highlighted the following problems. First, the counseling centers played limited role in serving the victims of violence due to lack of resources in the service network. Second, the linkage of services existed on a relatively small scale which was mostly based upon informal and unstructured relationship. Third, according to the multivariate analysis, the existence of potential partner agencies, the effort of the line staff to initiate the linkage relationship and mutual cooperation between agencies determined the degree of linkage among services. These findings suggest implications for establishing a more effective system to protect the victims of violence.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.453-464
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• 2003

The Competitive power of the country in knowledge information can be determined that how efficiently useful knowledge and information can be circulated. Korean government established the second National GIS Master Plan, and constructed National Geographic Information Clearinghouse to the goal 'whole nation's internet circulation of the geographic information and practical use'. But every departments of government are trying to circulate their geographic information individually, And this case, consumer group should approach to several dissemination network in various routing line to get the geographic information. In fact, it is difficult to present the solution for uilified single dissemination network. It is difficult to present suitable linkage plan coinciding in special environment and characteristics of all systems. Consequently, in this study, we suggested linkage element that should consider far link with National Geographic Information Clearinghouse, and presented linkage plan by linkage target type.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to analyze the factors that affect the service relationship of long term care workers for the elderly and to provide basic resource for the successful connection of long term care services. Methods: 259 subjects who were engaged in long term care units completed a self-administered questionnaire that measured the extent of service linkage among one another. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ score determined the internal consistency of the acquired data and the discriminated validity was estimated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of the known factors on the service linkage. Results: Acceptance and participation negatively influenced on the service linkage. Reliance, comprehension, recognition on service, and frequent contact with others positively activated the service linkage of long term care workers. Conclusion: The establishments of systemic training courses providing education that emphasizes reliability and recognizes other services, including work environment to contact easily are needed to improve the service-linkage of long-term care workers for the elderly.