• Language and Information
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2015

Korean marks case for subjects and objects, but it is well known that case-markers can be dropped in certain contexts. Kwon and Zribi-Hertz (2008) establishes the phenomenon of Korean case drop on a single factor of f(ocus)-structure visibility and claims that both subject and object case drop can fall under a single linguistic generalization of information structure. However, the supporting data is not empirically substantiated and the tenability of the f-structure analysis is still under question. In this paper, an experiment was conducted to show that the specific claims of Kwon and Zribi-Hertz's analysis that places exclusive importance on information structure cannot be adequately supported by empirical evidence. In addition, the present study examines H. Lee's (2006a, 2006c) multi-factor analysis of object case drop and investigates whether this approach can subsume both subject and object case drop under a unified analysis. The present findings indicate that the multi-factor analysis that involves the interaction of independent factors (Focus, Animacy, and Definiteness) is also compatible with subject case drop, and that judgments on case drop are not categorical but form gradient statistical preferences.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.221-233
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this paper is twofold. On the one hand it takes issue with Engstrom's claim that conceptual metaphors are propositional; on the other, it aims to demonstrate that the mathematical term 'mapping' is inappropriate for the analysis of metaphors. To my mind, the propositional analysis of metaphors, a wrong analysis for that matter, originates in the notion 'mapping' I argue that partial 'mapping' between propositional meanings and metaphorical meanings is either mental or psychological, with no concomitant 'truth' value. When concept metaphors represent propositionality, they lose metaphoricity; when they obtain metaphoricity, they are free of propositionality. The mathematical terms 'mapping' and 'proposition,' it is stressed, should be avoided in the analysis of concept metaphors like 'A is B' because they are confusing when applied to linguistic expression. 1 suggest that the term 'mapping' be replaced by phrases such as 'interaction between two domains,' projection from source-domain to target domain,' or 'understanding the properties of two domains between A and B,' etc. This would amount to proposing a pragmatic or cognitive theory of metaphor.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.63
• /
• pp.23-46
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to compare linguistic features of meter in Amoretti and Sonnets from the Portuguese. Amoretti was composed in the 16th century and Sonnets from the Portuguese in the 19th century. Two poems are very strict in satisfying $^*<_I$(LS that makes a lexical stress matched on a strong position. But they allow a peaked monosyllabic word to be matched on a weak position only if it does not violate $^*(\dot{\sigma}\;{\sigma})$. Syntactic inversions which are found in two poems occur to satisfy metrical constraints and rhyme. Particularly, syntactic inversions for rhyme are mainly found in Amoretti, but are rare in Sonnets from the Portuguese which includes many enjambment lines. Furthermore, this paper shows that syntactic inversions can be explained by the interaction of constraints, such as metrical constraints, SCI, and Binary Foot.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.71-90
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent notions of communicative competence, especially as it is presented in Korean EFL education. Communicative competence has been modified and reinterpreted several times since the term was introduced by Hymes (1970). Paulston (1974) and Savignon (1983) focus on social interaction while Canale and Swain (1980) offer four categories of communicative competence: grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence. In addition, Tarone and Yule (1989) can be viewed as a systematic and comprehensive concept as well as a multi-dimensional mode (Bachman, 1990). Brown (2000) presents linguistic and functional aspects and Savignon's (1983) sociolinguistic competence has been transformed into sociocultural competence (Savignon, 2001). This study shows which aspects of Korean EFL education have been changed' and what needs to be accomplished for enhancing student's communicative competence.

• Language and Information
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.116-156
• /
• 1998

This paper is an HPSG approach to agreement phenomena involving the Korean honorific expressions. it is shown that the theoretical devices developed by the constraint-based theory of HPSG can be fruitfully used to capture the interactions between syntactic constraints and semantic of pragmatic factors in Korean honorific agreement. The HPSG's semantic feature 'referential index' plays a key rele in discribing the multiple interaction. The constraint-based theory of agreement proves successful in accounting for the phenomenon that may be called 'inconsistent' honorific agreement as well as 'consistent' regular honorific usages. However, this paper acknowledges its limit. Recognizing an important distinction between basic and 'coercive' honorific expressions, it is argued that a systactic-semantic-pragmatic approach such as the present one can only be applied to basic honorific agreement. Being sociolinguistic in nature, coercive honorific agreement is perhaps not amenable to formal linguistic investigation.

• Iberoamérica
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.111-148
• /
• 2020

One way for phatic communication to be linguistically realized involves ritual activities, such as greetings and leave-takings. These conventionalized acts in medical contexts can significantly influence both transactional and interpersonal goals. The analysis in this paper confirms that exchanging rituals such as greeting and leave-taking between doctors and patients is not a simple exchange of conventionalized linguistic symbols. In addition, the use of discursive strategies means that to determine whether an expression is phatic or not, it is necessary to analyze it from the multidimensional perspective. The phaticity is established based on the negotiation between the participants during the interaction. We have found that the interrogative form of greeting like "¿Qué tal?" (How are you?) becomes a versatile resource in the medical context. Thus, professionals need to be attentive to the discourse progress, because the phaticity of the interrogative greetings (illocutionary force) is linked, in the vast majority, with the reaction of the patients. Also, the data confirms that when participants coordinate closings, the exchange of turns lengthens and the intervention of various discursive strategies for phatic communion becomes more prominent.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.6C
• /
• pp.505-511
• /
• 2005

Autonomic machines interacting with human should have capability to perceive the states of emotion and attitude through implicit messages for obtaining voluntary cooperation from their clients. Voice is the easiest and most natural way to exchange human messages. The automatic systems capable to understanding the states of emotion and attitude have utilized features based on pitch and energy of uttered sentences. Performance of the existing emotion recognition systems can be further improved withthe support of linguistic knowledge that specific tonal section in a sentence is related with the states of emotion and attitude. In this paper, we attempt to improve recognition rate of emotion by adopting such linguistic knowledge for Korean ending boundary tones into anautomatic system implemented using pitch-related features and multilayer perceptrons. From the results of an experiment over a Korean emotional speech database, the improvement of $4\%$ is confirmed.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to investigate speech motor control in adults who stutter (AWS) by testing whether articulation rate changes with practice and linguistic complexity. Eleven AWS and 11 adults who do not stutter (AWNS) repeated four sentences of different lengths and syntactic complexity [simple-short (SS), simple-long (SL), complex-long (CL), and faulty-long (FL) sentences]. Overall articulation rates of each sentence were measured and compared between groups. Practice effects were evaluated by comparing the articulation rates of the first three, middle four, and last three productions. Overall, the AWS had significantly slower articulation rates than AWNS across the four sentences. The longer sentences showed significantly slower articulation rates than the baseline sentence (SS). The articulation rates of the middle four and the last three productions were significantly faster than those of the first three productions of each sentence in both groups. The articulation rates of the SS, SL, and CL sentences indicated a consistent practice effect. The slower articulation rates of the AWS are consistent with a speech motor limitation. There was no interaction with linguistic complexity or practice, so a slower articulation rate may be a general feature of the speech of AWS. Both AWS and AWNS showed practice effects with faster articulation rates which may reflect a degree of adaptation to the stimuli.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.604-624
• /
• 2012

This study aims to design a framework for analyzing group argumentation in terms of participants' interaction. Regarding the current group argumentation setting as argumentation on socio-scientific issues within participants who have had limited experience on group argumentation, the analytical framework was designed to explain (1) what was each participant's role on group argumentation, (2) how these roles were changed within each time of argumentation, and (3) how the patterns of interaction were changed through seven times of a series of argumentation on socio-scientific issues. Based on the literature review on analytical framework of argumentation in science education including the works on the structure of argumentation, the discourse formation through interaction, and the linguistic approach on participants' interaction, the current research framework was built. Showing the results of applying the designed framework on group argumentation as an example, strength of using the current designed framework was discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.301-311
• /
• 2024

We developed a small-group training program for in-service teachers focused on scientific modeling. We collected the discourses of the teachers who participated in the activity and analyzed them by type. The training program employed a collaborative approach in which a small group completed tasks and produced outputs based on the theme of 'galaxies and the Universe' to enable practical application in classes. Three in-service science teachers participated in the training program. Their discourses were recorded, transcribed, and classified into types based on individual turns and interaction units. The language expressions of the teachers reflected the unique characteristics of the teaching profession, with each participant having preferred language expression types, albeit with a generally low prevalence of specific language expression types across the participants. Differences in discourse characteristics related to the modeling theme, task presentation method, and model types, revealed that variations in the proportion of interaction unit types during the modeling design, build, and evaluation stages were primarily influenced by the teachers' familiarity with the modeling theme. While the task presentation method also influenced interaction types, model types had little impact on the distribution of interaction types. Considering these findings, training programs on modeling for in-service teachers should include a checklist to encourage sufficient interaction between participants as well as propose proper questions that can be effectively addressed through collaboration.