• 대기
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2017

Korea has recently suffered from severe hazes, largely being long-range transported from China but frequently mixed with domestic pollution. It is important to identify the origin of the frequently-occurring hazes, which is however hard to clearly determine in a quantitative term. In this regard, we suggest a possible classification procedure of various hazes into long-range transported haze (LH), Yellow Sand (YS), and urban haze (UH), based on mass loading of fine particles, time lag of PM mass concentrations between two sites aligned with dominant wind direction, backward trajectory of air mass, and the mass ratio of PM2.5 to PM10. The analysis sites are Seoul (SL) and Baengnyeongdo (BN), which are distant about 200 km from each other in the west to east direction. Aerosol concentrations at BN are overall lower than those of SL, indicative of BN being a background site for SL. We found distinct time lag of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations between BN and SL in case of both LH and YS, but the intensity of YS being stronger than LH. Time scale (e-folding time scale) of LH appears to be longer and more variable than YS, which implies that LH covers much larger spatial scale. In addition, we found linear and significant correlations between ${\tau}_a$ obtained from sunphotometer and ${\tau}_{cal}$ calculated from surface aerosol scattering coefficient for LH episodes, relative to few correlation between those for YS, which might be associated with transported height of YS being much higher than LH. Therefore surface PM concentrations for the YS period are thought to be not representative for vertical integrated amount of aerosol loadings, probably by virtue of decoupled structure of aerosol vertical distribution. Improvement of various hazes classification based on the current result would provide the public as well as researchers with more accurate information of LH, UH, and YS, in terms of temporal scale, size, vertical distribution of aerosols, etc.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2006

원자흡수분광법을 사용하여 실제 시료 중의 구리를 예비 농축하고 정량하는데 활성탄 변형법을 사용하였다. 구리 이온을 4-amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline(ADMPP) 또는 4-(4-methoxybenzylidenimin)thiophenole (MBITP)과 착물을 형성시켜 활성탄에 정량적으로 흡착시키고, 고체상에 흡착된 구리를 소량의 질산을 사용하여 정량적으로 용리시켰다. 최대 회수율을 얻는데 있어서 중요한 pH, 운반체의 양, 흐름속도, 활성탄의 양, 용리제의 종류 및 농도와 같은 파라미터의 영향을 조사하였다. 최적 조건에서 ADMPP와 MBITP를 사용하는 이 방법은 0.05-1.5g mL1 and 0.05-1.2g mL1의 구리 농도 범위에서 각각 상관계수 0.9997 및 0.9994의 선형성을 보이며 검출한계는 1.4 ng mL1 였다. 예비 농축의 농축인자는 310에 이르며 돌파부피는 두 리간드에서 모두 1550 mL였다. 이 방법은 방해 이온에 대한 공차한계와 선택성이 좋아서 수돗물, 샘물, 강물 및 폐수와 같은 실제 시료 중의 구리 함량을 정량하는 데 성공적으로 사용되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2010

제안된 방법은 국제표준(IS)인 Entacapone-d10(EAD10)을 사용하여 체외에서 Entacapon(EA)의 정량화를 위한 간단하고, 감도가 좋고, 명확한 액체 크로마토그래피-직렬 질량 분석법(LC-ESI-MS/MS)이다. 크로마토그래피 분리는 Zorbax SB-C18에서 수행되었고, $2.1{\times}50\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$ 컬럼과 10 mM Ammonium formate (pH 3.0)로 구성된 이동상에서 수행되었다: 0.7 mL/min 유속의 아세토나이트릴(60:40 v/v)은 액체-액체 추출을 따른다. EA와 EAD10은 다중 반응 탐색법(MRM)에서 수소부가물을 가지고 상대적으로 포지티브 모드인 m/z $306.1{\rightarrow}233.1$과 $316.3{\rightarrow}233.0$에서 수소부과물을 가지고 측정되었다. 그 방법은 상관계수($r^2$) 0.993 이상을 갖는 1.00 - 2000.00 ng/mL의 선형 농도 범위 이상으로 입증되었다. 하루 중과 하루 이내에 3.60에서 7.30과 4.20에서 5.50% 이내의 정밀성과 97.30에서 104.20과 98.30에서 105.80% 이내의 정확도는 EA를 위해 입증되었다. 이러한 방법은 건강한 인도인 자원자들의 생물학적 동등성 연구에서 성공적으로 적용되었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2008

A qualitative and quantitative analytical method was developed for detection of methamphetamine (MA) and its main metabolite amphetamine (AM) in oral fluid. Oral fluids of eleven drug abusers were provided by Police, specimens were collected by stimulation with a cotton swab treated with 20 mg of citric acid ($Salivette^{(R)}$; Sarstedt, USA). As the preliminary test, oral fluid samples were screened for amphetamines by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (TDxFLx, Abbott Co.). Extraction for MA was performed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, USA) with mixed mode cation exchange cartridge, CLEAN $SCREEN^{(R)}$ (130 mg/3 ml, UCT) after dilution with phosphate buffer. Samples were evaporated and derivatized by pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride (PFPA). Quantitation of MA and AM was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selective ion monitoring (SIM), the quantitation ions were m/z 204 (MA), 208 (MA-$D_5$), 190 (AM) and 194 (AM-$D_5$). The selectivity, linearity of calibration, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) within- and between day precision, accuracy and recoveries were examined as parts of the method validation. All oral fluid samples gave positive results to immunoassay for MA (cut-off level, 50 ng/ml as d-amphetamine). Concentrations of MA and AM by GC-MS in eleven samples were ranged 104.2${\sim}$4603.3 ng/ml and 32.4${\sim}$268.6 ng/ml, respectively. Extracted calibration curves of MA and AM were linear over the two concentration range of 1${\sim}$100 and 50${\sim}$1000 ng/ml with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. LOQ of MA and AM was 1 and 3 ng/ml, respectively. The intraand inter-day run precisions (CV) for MA and AM were less than 10%, and the accuracies (bias) for MA and AM were also less than 10% at the two different concentrations 5 and 100 ng/ml at low calibration range, 50 and 1000 ng/ml at high calibration range. The absolute recoveries of MA and AM at low and high calibration ranges were more than 82% and 75%, respectively. In this study the qualitative and quantitative analytical method of MA in oral fluid was established. Oral fluid testing may detect drug use in past hours because of its shorter detection window than urine, and be useful in post-accident situations. So oral fluids will be most useful for testing drug abuse in the driving under the influence of drug (DUID) as the alternative specimens of urine.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

벤조피렌은 IARC에 의해 그룹 1로 분류된 다환 방향족 탄화수소 유기물로서 불완전 연소 시 부산물로 발생되며 유전독성과 발암성이 강한 것으로 알려져 있다. 벤조피렌의 오염원은 매우 다양하여 환경오염 등으로 인해 조리 또는 가공과정에서 열분해 되어 생성되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 유통 중인 45종의 한약재에 있어 벤조피렌의 함유량에 대한 모니터링을 HPLC/FLD로 측정하였다. 벤조피렌의 검량선은 0.5~40 ng/mL의 농도 범위에서 양호한 직선성을 나타내었다 ($r^2$=0.999). 벤조피렌의 검출한계 (LOD)와 정량한계 (LOQ)는 0.04와 0.10 ${\mu}g/mL$이었다. 모니터링 품목 총 45건 중 벤조피렌이 검출되지 않은 시료는 3건 (6.7%), 0.1 ~ 0.5, 0.5 ~ 1.0, 1.0 ~ 5.0 및 5.0 ${\mu}g/kg$ 이상 검출된 시료는 각각 26건 (57.7%), 8건 (17.8%), 7건 (15.6%) 및1건 (2.2%)이었다. 특히 황련의 벤조피렌의 함유량이 가장 높았다 (5.97 ${\mu}g/mL$). 결론적으로 이들 결과는 한약재 중 벤조피렌 함유량을 감소시키기 위한 건조 조건에 대한 기초연구와 가이드라인으로서 적용되어질 수 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2017

Italian ryegrass (IRG) is one of the fastest growing grasses available to farmers. It offers rapid establishment and starts growing early in the following spring and has fast regrowth after defoliation. So, IRG can be utilized as the dominant/single species of grass used in a farming system, or to play a role as a large producing pasture and sacrificial paddock. The objective of this study was to develop the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the evaluation of feed value of IRG. For this study, UAV imagery was taken on the Nonsan regions two times during the IRG growing season. We analyzed the relationships between $NDVI_{UAV}$ and feed value parameters such as fresh matter yield, dry matter yield, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein at the season of harvest. Correlation analysis between $NDVI_{UAV}$ and feed value parameters of IRG revealed that $NDVI_{UAV}$ correlated well with crude protein (r = 0.745), and fresh matter yield (r = 0.655). According to the relationship, the variation of $NDVI_{UAV}$ was significant to interpret feed value parameters of IRG. Eight different regression models such as Linear, Logarithmic, Inverse, Quadratic, Cubic, Power, S, and Exponential model were used to estimate IRG feed value parameters. The S and exponential model provided more accurate results to predict fresh matter yield and crude protein than other models based on coefficient of determination, p- and F-value. The spatial distribution map of feed values in IRG plot was in strong agreement with the field measurements in terms of geographical variation and relative numerical values when $NDVI_{UAV}$ was applied to regression equation. These lead to the result that the characteristics of variations in feed value of IRG according to $NDVI_{UAV}$ were well reflected in the model.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2007

Measurement of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3, ceramide trihexoside) in urine has clinical importance for monitoring after enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease patients. The disease is an X-linked lipid storage disorder that results from a deficiency of the enzyme ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A (${\alpha}$-Gal A). The lack of ${\alpha}$-Gal A causes an intracellular accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly Gb3. A simple, rapid, and highly sensitive analytical method for Gb3 in urine was developed without labor-extensive pre-treatment by electrospray ionization MS/MS (ESI-MS/MS). Only simple 5-fold dilution of urine is necessary for the extraction and isolation of Gb3 in urine. Gb3 in diluted urine was dissolved in dioxane containing C17:0 Gb3 as an internal standard. After centrifugation it was directly injected and analyzed through guard column by in combination with multiple reaction monitoring mode of ESI-MS/MS. Eight isoforms of Gb3 were completely resolved from urine matrix. C24:0 Gb3 occupied 50% of total Gb3 as a major component in urine. Linear relationship for Gb3 isoforms was found in the range of 0.005${\sim}$5.0 ${\mu}$g/ml. The limit of detection (S/N=5) was 0.005 ${\mu}$g/ml and limit of quantification was 0.05 ${\mu}$g/ml for C24:0 Gb3 with acceptable precision and accuracy. Correlation coefficient of calibration curves for 8 Gb3 isoforms ranged from 0.9598 to 0.9975. This method could be useful for rapid and sensitive 1st line Fabry disease screening, monitoring and/or diagnostic tool for Fabry disease.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

This study tires to examine affects that job and socio-psychological stresses of female office workers influence job satisfaction, organization commitment, and leaving intentions. A complete data are collected by conducting a survey with 240 female office workers from 9 medical institutions regarded as almost general hospital in Seoul. It is analyzed that the relation between socio-psychological stress and job satisfaction, organization commitment, and leaving intentions by using t-test; analysis of variance; correlation analysis; principal component analysis; linear structural equation modeling; etc. The results of this study are summarized as following. First, as it was comprehended by specific characteristics of subjects that the female office workers' level of job and socio-psychological stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention, there were statistically significant distinctions from their age, marital status, presence of children, position in the organization, type of employment, and monthly average income. Second, this study regarded relationship between the female office workers' level of job and socio-psychological stresses, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention. Job and socio-psychological stresses were negatively correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, but the stresses were positive with leaving intention. Third, after evaluating effect that 8 features related to the job stress could influence job stress, the most effective valuables were in order to unfairness in organizational structure, workplace culture, inadequate compensation, and relationship conflict. Fourth, when looking at the overall effects of the job and sociopsychological stresses on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention, work autonomy was the most influencing factor of work stress levels. The level of the job stress seemed to be a prevalent impact on the leaving intention and it showed the most negative relationship that path coefficient from leaving intention to organizational commitment and also from organizational commitment to job satisfaction. Based on these findings, it can be defined that the job and socio-psychological stresses strongly influence job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leaving intention.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

본 연구는 고객(Golfer)의 입장에서 골프장 만족도와 골프장 운영의 다양한 변수들을 분석하여 상호관계성을 밝히고자 하였으며, 분석된 골퍼들의 다양한 기대감과 욕구를 골프장 설계과정과 운영에 반영하고자 실시되었다. 조사를 위해, 국내의 골프장 119개소를 조사하였으며, 총 309부의 설문이 수집 분석되었다. 연구 결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이용자 만족도에 영향을 미치는 운영서비스 요인변수는 "골프장 이미지", '직원 서비스' 그리고 '이용요금'이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이용자 만족도에 영향을 미치는 코스 설계 및 관리 요인변수는 "코스관리 상태", '티잉 그라운드 특성" 그리고 "코스 내 조경"이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 이상의 두 부분에서 나타난 결과를 토대로 "운영서비스" 변수와 "코스 설계 및 관리" 변수에 대한 부분을 통합하여 설명하기 위하여 선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 통합모형의 설명력은 36.5%로 나타났으며, 모형의 적합성 검정에서도 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 이용자 만족도에 영향을 미치는 통합 모형의 회귀분석 결과, "코스관리 상태"가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 "코스 내 조경", "티잉 그라운드 특성", "직원 서비스" 순으로 나타났다. 계수 값을 보면 "코스관리상태"가 21.8%의 영향력을 미치며, "코스 내 조경"은 20%, "티잉 그라운드의 특성"은 17.7%, "직원서비스"는 15.5%로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 운영서비스 부분이 강조되어 연구되어온 선행연구와는 다른 결과로 해석된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내산 숙성치즈의 바이오제닉 아민 함량 분석을 위한 기초연구로 HPLC 분석법을 이용한 숙성치즈의 바이오제닉 아민 함량 분석법을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 바이오제닉 아민의 종류는 Histamine dihydrochloride, Tyramine hydrochloride, ${\beta}$-phenylethylamine hydrochloride, Putrescine dihydrochloride, Cadaverine, Spermidine, Tryptamine hydrochloride, Ethanolamine hydrochloride 및 Butylamine로 총 9종이었으며, 분석항목은 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계 및 회수율을 측정하였다. 각각의 바이오제닉 아민의 직선성은 모두 r = 0.99 이상으로 측정되어 양호하게 분석되었고, 검출한계는 각각 3.7, 3.4, 3.4, 4.0, 3.4, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1 및 3.4 ppm, 정량한계는 11.3, 10.4, 10.3, 12.2, 10.4, 10.5, 10.7, 12.5 및 10.4 ppm으로 나타났으며, 회수율은 112, 104, 93, 108, 91, 102, 101 및 92%로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 바이오제닉 아민 9종에 대한 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계 및 회수율을 측정한 결과, 모두 만족스러운 결과를 나타냈으며, 숙성치즈의 바이오제닉 아민에 대한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.