• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.737-747
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• 2012

최근 들어, 기존 계량기에서의 원격 자동 검침을 지원하기 위한 영상 기반 계량기 데이터 숫자 인식에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 성공적인 숫자 인식을 달성하는 데 숫자 분할은 매우 중요한 과정이다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 조명하의 다양한 계량기들에 대해서 잘 수행되는 효과적인 계량기 숫자 분할 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 계량기 숫자 분할 방법은 먼저 계량기 전체 숫자 영역을 정교한 관심영역으로 검출하고, 이후 검출된 관심영역에서 각 숫자를 분할하는 2단계로 구성된다. 정교한 관심영역 검출은 조명 개선 전처리 후에 수평 라인 세그먼트를 이용한 개략적 관심영역 추출, 이진화후 수직 및 수평 투영을 이용한 클리핑을 통한 개략 관심영역 정교화 등의 과정으로 처리된다. 검출된 관심영역에서의 숫자 분할은 '숫자 구역 수직 분할' 및 '수직 분할된 각 숫자 구역에서의 숫자 분할' 등의 2개 과정을 통해 안정적으로 분할되도록 처리된다. 저대비, 저저도, 음영, 포화 등 다양한 조명 환경하의 다양한 계량기 종류에 대해 직접 촬영하여 자체 제작한 계량기 이미지 데이터베이스에 기반한 실험을 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 숫자 분할 방법을 평가하고, 제안방법이 다양한 조명 환경하의 다양한 계량기 타입에 대해서 계량기 숫자를 효과적으로 잘 분할함을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.504-511
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• 1990

도내 중산간지대 농업개발 지원을 위해 필요한 기후자료를 수집하고 수집된 자료로부터 농업기후지수의 하나인 증발산위를 계산하는 과정에 대하여 연구하였다. 섬의 동쪽과 서쪽 중산간지대 기후를 대표할 수 있는 두 지점에 무인관칙소를 설치하고 퍼스컴통신 기술을 이용해 일사, 기온, 지온, 습도, 풍향, 풍속 및 항수자료를 수집하였다. 1989년 6월 한달간 수집된 자료를 이용해 두 지점간 일기상 특성을 분석하였으며, Penman식에 의해 증발산위값을 추정하였다. 상대적으로 풍부한 순폭사에너지와 남서기류에 의한 Fohn현상에 의해 섬의 동쪽 중산간지대가 서쪽에 비해 1-2도 가량 높은 기온을 유지하였다. 지온은 두 지점간에 차이가 없었으며 최고 및 최저온도 출현시각은 기온에 비해 4시간 지연되었다. 바람은 서쪽에서 강했으며 주야간 해륙풍 순환 현상도 동쪽에 비해 뚜렷하였다. 계산된 증발산위값은 동쪽이 서쪽에 비해 6% 높았으며 해안지대 추정값에 비해 30% 가량 높았다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2017

Recently, as the paradigm of regional development has been transformed into characterization, decentralization and cooperation, small and medium scale development is in the spotlight. In particular, as the transfer of planning authority to local governments accelerates, LH is in the process of seeking to transform itself into a system that is in line with local government demand. The purpose of this study is to elaborate the regional pending projects that meet the demand of the region. The Jeju Special Self-Governing Province is the area where land and housing prices have increased more than three times recently, which is the area of interest in recent years due to the various demand for development projects. Another objective is to establish a local government based on LH's system, it is aimed to derive a collaboration method with local government, province corporation and local researchers. The criteria for deriving the cooperation projects between the local government and LH are basically the ones that can be carried out by LH and future-oriented projects. The process of deriving has undergone the process of statutory planning, unscrupulous plan analysis, and consultation of experts' advisory committees. In order to derive the regional cooperation project, four criteria such as local uniqueness, future possibility, business promotion efficiency, and local cooperation project were set. Major projects of the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province are improvement of the surrounding traffic system, construction of the hinterland due to the construction of the second airport, and establishment of Cruise Port(Jeju Port, Seogwipo Port). The role of each entity in the implementation of regional cooperation projects is as follows. Local government should request subsidies for the projects in case of lack of budget support and secure them through competition with other regions. In addition, it should be responsible for the operation and management of the facility once it has been supported and completed smoothly. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport affects each region through approval and subsidy of the development plan. After the development project is completed, it evaluates the development project through monitoring and plays a role of continuously improving the system. As a business operator, the provincial corporation will carry out small-scale projects including non-physical projects such as community participation. In the case of LH regional headquarters, the general manager of the region will establish a comprehensive business plan, secure development availability, and carry out large-scale growth promotion projects.

• Strategy21
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• 통권41호
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• pp.5-29
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• 2017

The Mahan's seapower theory has been the basis of US Navy to date as it can enjoy the supremacy status in all of the seas of the world. His theory is very straightforward. A nation can be a great country in the world just through the use of maritime commerce that could be protected by a strong and powerful navy. Mahan's theory on seapower was substantiated in the Spanish-American War with respect to how important the naval power is. The best thing to make US a great nation was to make sure that flow of international trade is smooth, and the unhindered trade could be made possible only by the destruction of enemy's fleet that may obstruct the SLOCs. That's why Mahan insisted that a strong navy was needed and a decisive battle by the navy's fleet at sea should be encouraged as a way of ensuring the safety of the SLOCs. The newly-arrived Trump administration seems to be in line with the Mahan's theory seapower in its policy on naval forces structure. It is expected that US will continue to support the Pivot to Asia policy that has been adopted by the previous administration through an increase in its naval fleet forces. The number of US navy ships will be 355 in 2030, rendering it much more powerful navy than before. The catch phrase "3rd Fleet Forward" proposed by the president Trump indicates that two carrier strike groups will be present in the Asia Pacific region, being able to make the confrontation between US and China more tense than before. The presence of the US naval forces in the area may function as some sort of pressure against China that Trump insisted had been responsible for the closure of 60,000 factories and the loss of 3,000,000 jobs in the United States.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.80.1-80.1
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• 2017

We present preliminary results of KVN single dish telescope observations of 80 dense cores in the Orion molecular cloud complex which contains the Orion A, B, and ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud. We investigate the behavior of the different molecular tracers and look for chemical variations of cores in the three clouds in order to systematically investigate the effects of stellar feedback. The most commonly detected molecular lines (with the detection rates higher than 50%) are N2H+, HCO+, H13CO+, C2H, HCN, and H2CO. The detection rates of dense gas tracers, N2H+, HCO+, H13CO+, and C2H show the lowest values in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud. We find difference between molecular D/H ratios and N2H+/H13CO+ abundance ratios towards different clouds, and between protostellar cores and starless cores. Eight starless cores in the Orion A and B clouds exhibit high deuterium fractionations, larger than 0.10, while in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud, no cores reveal the high ratio. These chemical properties could support that cores in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud are affected by the photo-dissociation and external heating from the nearby H II region, which is a hint of negative stellar feedback on core formation. The striking difference between the [N2H+]/[H13CO+] ratios leads us to suggest that there are significant evolutionary differences between the Orion A/B and ${\lambda}$ Orionis clouds. In order to examine whether starless cores can be candidates of pre-stellar cores, we compared the core masses estimated from the 850 um emission to their Virial masses calculated from the N2H+ line data and find that most of them are not gravitationally bound in the three clouds.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2001

Most mammalian cells take up glucose by passive transport proteins in the plasma membranes. The best known of these proteins is the human erythrocyte glucose transporter, GLUT1. High levels of heterologous expression far the transporter are necessary for the investigation of its three-dimensional structure by crystallization. To achieve this, the baculovirus expression system has become popular choice. However, Spodoptera frugiperda Clone 9 (Sf9) cells, which are commonly employed as the host permissive cell line to support baculovirus replication and protein synthesis, grow well on TC-100 medium that contains 0.1% D-glucose as the major carbon source, suggesting the presence of endogenous glucose transporters. Furthermore, very little is known of the endogenous transporters properties of Sf9 cells. Therefore, human GLUT1 antibodies would play an important role for characterization of the GLUT1 expressed in insect cell. However, the successful use of such antibodies for characterization of GLUT1 expression m insect cells relies upon their specificity for the human protein and lack of cross-reaction with endogenous transporters. It is therefore important to determine the potential cross-reactivity of the antibodies with the endogenous insect cell glucose transporters. In the present study, the potential cross-reactivity of the human GLUT1 antibodies with the endogenous insect cell glucose transporters was examined by Western blotting. Neither the antibodies against intact GLUT1 nor those against the C-terminus labelled any band migrating in the region expected fur a protein of M$_r$ comparable to GLUT1, whereas these antibodies specifically recognized the human GLUT1. Specificity of the human GLUT1 antibodies tested was also shown by cross-reaction with the GLUT1 expressed in insect cells. In addition, the insect cell glucose transporter was found to have very low affinity for cytochalasin B, a potent inhibitor of human erythrocyte glucose transporter.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.869-874
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• 2014

It was discovered in a Korean PWR that an extensive number of very short and shallow cracks in the SG tubes were undetectable by eddy current in-service-inspection because of the masking effect of sludge deposits. Axial stress corrosion cracks at the outside diameter of the steam generator tubes near the line contacts with the tube support plates are the major concern among the six identical Korean nuclear power plants having CE-type steam generators with Alloy 600 high temperature mill annealed tubes, HU3&4 and HB3~6. The tubes in HB3&4 have a less susceptible microstructure so that the onset of ODSCC was substantially delayed compared to HU3&4 whose tubes are most susceptible to ODSCC among the six units. The numbers of cracks detected by the eddy current inspection jumped drastically after the steam generators of HB4 were chemically cleaned. The purpose of the chemical cleaning was to mitigate stress corrosion cracking by removing the heavy sludge deposit, since a corrosive environment is formed in the occluded region under the sludge deposit. SGCC also enhances the detection capability of the eddy current inspection at the same time. Measurement of the size of each crack using the motorized rotating pancake coil probe indicated that the cracks in HB4 were shorter and substantially shallower than the cracks in HU3&4. It is believed that the cracks were shorter and shallower because the microstructure of the tubes in HB4 is less susceptible to ODSCC. It was readily understood from the size distribution of the cracks and the quantitative information available on the probability of detection that most cracks in HB4 had been undetected until the steam generators were chemically cleaned.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2022

본 연구는 국토의 생태축이라고 할 수 있는 백두대간의 지속가능한 보전과 관리방안 수립에 기여하고자 실시되었으며, 식물사회학적 유형분류를 통해 종조성을 파악하고 식생단위별 군집 특성을 파악하였다. 백두대간(육십령-천왕봉 구간) 마루금 주변을 대상으로 2020년 5월부터 9월까지 총 373개소의 산림식생조사를 실시하였다. 식생유형분류 결과, 9개의 식생단위로 구분되었으며 정성적 식생유형분류를 정량적 DCA 분석을 통해 검증하였다. 중요치 분석 결과, 아고산지대에 자생하는 종조성으로 묶인 식생단위 1-5는 구상나무, 가문비나무, 잣나무, 사스래나무 등 아고산식생 위주로 중요치가 높게 나타났으며, 해발고도가 높지 않은 마루금에서는 능선 위주의 지형 특성상 소나무, 졸참나무 등의 중요치가 높게 나타났다. 종다양도 분석 결과, 평균해발고도가 상대적으로 높은 구상나무군락(식생단위 1-5)이 다른 식생단위에 비하여 상대적으로 종다양도가 높게 나타났다. NMS 결과 및 환경인자와의 상관분석 결과, 식생단위 1, 2, 4, 5와 해발고도와의 양의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 소나무군락, 비목군락의 저해발 지역 식생부터 구상나무군락, 가문비나무군과 같은 고해발 지역 식생까지 모두 포함되었고 습윤한 지역의 계곡부 식생이 포함되지 않은 백두대간의 능선 식생을 특성을 나타내었다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권37호
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• pp.104-143
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• 2015

China's new grand strategy, the "One Belt, One Road Initiative" (also Belt Road Initiative, or BRI) has two primary components: Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the "Silk Road Economic Belt" in September 2013 during a visit to Kazakhstan, and the "21^st Century Maritime Silk Route Economic Belt" in a speech to the Indonesian parliament the following month. The BRI is intended to supply China with energy and new markets, and also to integrate the countries of Central Asia, the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN), and the Indian Ocean Region - though not Northeast Asia - into the "Chinese Dream". The project will be supported by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), due to open in 2016 with 57 founding members from all around the world, and China has already promised US$ 50 billion in seed funding. China's vision includes networks of energy pipelines, railways, sea port facilities and logistics hubs; these will have obvious commercial benefits, but also huge geopolitical significance. China seems to have two distinct aims: externally, to restore its historical sphere of influence; and internally, to cope with income inequalities by creating middle-class jobs through enhanced trade and the broader development of its economy. In South Korea, opinion on the BRI is sharply polarized. Economic and industrial interests, including Korea Railroad Corporation (KORAIL), support South Korean involvement in the BRI and closer economic interactions with China. They see how the BRI fits nicely with President Park Geun-hye's Eurasia Initiative, and anticipate significant commercial benefits for South Korea from better connections to energy-rich Russia and the consumer markets of Europe and Central Asia. They welcome the prospect of reduced trade barriers between China and South Korea, and of improved transport infrastructure, and perceive the political risks as manageable. But some ardently pro-US pundits worry that the political risks of the BRI are too high. They cast doubt on the feasibility of implementing the BRI, and warn that although it has been portrayed primarily in economic terms, it actually reveals a crucial Chinese geopolitical strategy. They are fearful of China's growing regional dominance, and worried that the BRI is ultimately a means to supplant the prevailing US-led regional security structure and restore the Middle Kingdom order, with China as the only power that matters in the region. According to this view, once China has complete control of the regional logistics hubs and sea ports, this will severely limit the autonomy of China's neighbors, including South Korea, who will have to toe the Chinese line, both economically and politically, or risk their own peace and prosperity.

• 해양안보
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-107
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• 2023

인도-태평양 국가인 대한민국에게 이 지역의 안정과 번영은 국가의 생존과 이익에 직결된다. 현재 인태지역은 미국과 중국의 전략적 경쟁으로 안보환경이 불안정하며, 초국가· 비전통적 위협도 상존하고 있어, 소자/다자 간 공동의 대응을 요구하고 있다. 이에 따라 미국, 일본, ASEAN 및 역외의 EU, NATO까지 자체 인태전략을 발표하며, 이 지역 현안에 개입하고자 노력 중이다. 한국도 2022년 12월 28일, 독자적인 인태전략을 공개하였는데, 이는 이전 신남방정책의 균형외교(전략적 모호성)를 벗어나, 광범위한 인태지역의 현안에 적극적으로 개입·기여하겠다는 의미로 받아들여진다. 이제 해군은 정부의 인태전략을 뒷받침하기 위해 준비해야 한다. 첫째, 역내 안보현안 관련 소자/다자 간 군사협력을 강화하고, 둘째, 이 협력의 메시지를 전파하기 위해 해군력 현시, 연합훈련 등 실제 전력을 운용하여 잠재적 위협에 대해 거부적 억제를 달성해야 한다. 셋째, 인태지역에 상존하는 초국가·비전통적 위협에 대응하는 한편, 선진국으로 발돋움한 한국의 해군으로서, 개발도상국의 해양력 증강을 지원하는 기여 외교도 실시해야 할 것이다. 이러한 역할을 수행함에 있어, 해군 고유의 작전특성(기동성, 융통성, 지속성, 현시성, 투사성)이 발휘될 것이며, 이를 구현하기 위해 해군 내·외부 작전환경(SWOT)을 분석하고, 발전방안을 제시하였다.