• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.1548-1555
• /
• 2006

Bujeonghangam-tang(BHT) has been used as an anticancer agent in oriental medicine, but the mechanism by which it induces cell death in cancer cells is still unclear. To investigate cell death mechanism by BHT in cancer cells, the activities of apoptosis signaling pathway were tested in human neuroblastoma cell line LAN5. Viability of LAN5 cells was markedly decreased by treatment of the water extract of BHT in a dose-dependent manner. BHT induced cell death was confirmed as apoptosis characterized by chromatin condensation. We tested whether the water extract of BHT affects the anti-apoptotic protein such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and the pro-apoptotic protein such as Bax. Both Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were gradually decreased but Bas was increased in a time-dependent manner after the addition of the water extract of BHT. Cleavage of Bid by activation of caspase-8 protease was also observed in LAN-5 cells by the treatment of the water extract of BHT. Taken together, these results suggest that the water extract of BHT exerts anti-cancer effects on human neuroblastoma LAN-5 cells by inducing the apoptotic death via down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein such as Bax, and activation of intrinsic caspase cascades.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.990-999
• /
• 2007

We deal with second order NMP(Non-Minimum Phase) systems which are difficult to control with conventional methods because of their inherent characteristics of undershoot. In such systems, reducing the undesirable undershoot phenomenon makes the response time of the systems much longer. Moreover, it is impossible to control the magnitude of undershoot in a direct way and to predict the response time. In this paper, we propose a novel two sliding mode control scheme which is capable of determining the magnitude of undershoot and thus the response time of NMP systems a priori. To do this, we introduce two sliding lines which are in charge of control in turn. One is used to stabilize the system and achieve asymptotic regulation eventually like the conventional sliding mode methods and the other to stably control the magnitude of undershoot from the beginning of control until the state meets the first sliding line. This control scheme will be proved to have an asymptotic regulation property. The computer simulation shows that the proposed control scheme is very effective and suitable for controlling the second order NMP system because it can decide the magnitude of undershoot in a direct and stable way and reduce the response time compared with the conventional ones.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 1999

An integrated ZCS quasi-resonant converter(QRC) for the power factor correction with a single switch is presented in this paper. The power factor correction can be achieved by the discontinuous conduction mode(DCM) operation of the input current. The proposed converter gives the good power factor, low line current harmonics, and tight output regulation. The input current waveform of the prototype designed using design equations shows about 15% of total harmonic distortion at rated condition. Also, the efficiency and power factor can be obtained about 86% and 0.985, respectively, at rated condition. The proposed converter is suitable for a low power level converter with a tightly regulated low output voltage and switching frequency of more than several hundreds kHz.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.300-308
• /
• 2016

Application of demand-side resources to automatic generation control (AGC) has a great significance for improving the dynamic control performance of power system frequency regulation. This paper investigates the possibility of providing regulation services by demand-side energy storage in electric vehicle battery swapping stations (BSS). An interaction framework, namely station-to-grid (S2G), is presented to integrate BSS energy storage into power grid for giving benefits to frequency regulation. The BSS can be regarded as a lumped battery energy storage station through S2G framework. A supplementary AGC method using demand-side BSS energy storage is developed considering the vehicle user demand of battery swapping. The effects to the AGC performance are evaluated through simulations by using a two-area interconnected power grid model with step and random load disturbance. The results show that the demand-side BSS can significantly suppress the frequency deviation and tie-line power fluctuations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2008

Through this study, the standard design guidelines for high speed train with power cars have been derived to meet the crashworthiness requirements of the Korean rollingstock safety regulation. The crashworthiness regulation requires some performance requirements for two heavy collision accident scenarios; a train-to-train collision at the relative speed of 36 kph, and a collision against a standard deformable obstacle of 15 ton at 110 kph. A standard high speed train composition was defined as 2PC-2ET-6T with 17ton axle load, similar to KTX-2 for the Honam express line. Using theoretical and numerical analyses, some crashworthy design guidelines were derived in terms of mean crush forces and energy absorptions for major crushable components. The derived design guidelines were evaluated and improved using one dimensional spring-mass dynamic simulation. It is shown from the simulation results that the suggested design guidelines can easily satisfy the domestic crashworthiness requirements.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2012

The shock vibration such as machine vibration, blasting vibration etc. has effect on nearby structure as well as human body. The purpose of this study is to predict allowable limit distance of vibration about human body. First of all, vibration velocity such as PPV, PVS was measured by shock vibration experiment, and vibration level was calculated by conversion formula of vibration velocity. And then, allowable limit distance was analyzed by converted vibration level. The results are as follows : Firstly, the correlation coefficient of converted vibration level was over R=0.94, and vibration level caused by PVS was usually represented to high curve line. Secondly, the cross point of vibration level between ground and concrete condition was represented to 66.68dB(V), and allowable limit distance was represented to difference over three times when vibration regulation was raised from 65dB(V) to 80dB(V).

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.224-235
• /
• 2014

Recently, Productivity of the construction industry has been decreasing than other industries. Because of this, BIM is being spread in the construction industry. However, quality criteria for BIM data is insufficient. Regulation information is an important factor for initial architectural design evaluations. However, building code and related regulation are numerous. National building code structure in Korea is much more complex than other countries. The purpose of this study is to suggest the typology method of building code and apply to real regulations. To achieve this purpose, the authors have extracted required information to from original regulation for code checking and suggested mapping methods between extracted information and information of IFC scheme. In addition, the authors have represented EXPRESS-G diagram for extracting information from IFC scheme and suggested code checking method through stair case. Output of this study can be used as a base line data for automated code checking system based on open BIM. Automated code checking system will be utilized in architectural design evaluations and supported to increase design quality. It can be used to mount in SEUMTER that is the construction administration system of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT).

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.1203-1215
• /
• 2019

Sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive systems are often subjected to inaccurate commutation signals and can produce high current peaks and conduction consumption. To achieve accurate commutation, a fast commutation shift regulation method for sensorless BLDC motor drive systems considering the influence of the inductance freewheeling process is presented to compensate inaccurate commutation signals. The regulation method is effective in both steady speed and variable speed operations. In the proposed method, the commutation error is gained from the line-voltage difference integral in a 60 electrical-degree conduction period and the outgoing phase current before commutation. In addition, the detection precision of the commutation error is improved due to the consideration of the freewheeling period. The commutation error is directly obtained, which avoids successive optimization and accelerates the convergence rate of the proposed method. Moreover, the commutation error features a positive or negative sign, which can be utilized as an indicator of advanced or delayed commutation. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The results obtained show that the proposed method can accurately regulate commutation signals.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.249-277
• /
• 2015

Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 ("Regulation") is a common rule on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights. In some recent cases of European nations, passengers sued the air carrier in order to obtain monetary compensation under Article 7(1) of the Regulation. Some courts dismissed the actions on the grounds that, unlike denied boarding or cancellation of the flight, the Regulation provides no compensation in relation to delayed flights. However, Court of Justice of the European Union(CJEU) ruled that Regulation 261/2004 must be interpreted to mean that passengers whose flights are delayed have a right to compensation in cases when the loss of time is equivalent to, or is in excess of three hours - where the passengers eventually reached their final destination three hours or more later than the originally scheduled arrival time. It is true that a strict interpretation of the regulation would suggest that passengers whose flight has merely been delayed are not entitled to compensation. They should only be offered assistance in accordance with the Articles 6 and 9. Nevertheless, the Court recognized the same right to the same compensation for passengers of flights delayed by more than three hours as that explicitly provided for passengers of cancelled flights. On the one hand, the Court bases this ruling on the recitals of the Regulation, in which the legislature links the question of compensation to that of a long delay, while indicating that the Regulations seek to ensure a high level of protection for passengers regardless of whether they are denied boarding or their flight is cancelled or delayed. On the other hand, the Court interprets the relevant provisions of the Regulation in light of the general principle of equal treatment. Furthermore, the Court delivered a ruling that the loss of time inherent in a flight delay, which constitutes an inconvenience within the intention of Regulation No 261/2004 and which cannot be categorized as 'damage occasioned by delay' within the meaning of Article 19 of the Montreal Convention, cannot come within the scope of Article 29 of that convention. Consequently, under this view, the obligation under Regulation No 261/2004 intended to compensate passengers whose flights are subject to a long delay is in line with Article 29 of the Montreal Convention. Although the above interpretation of the Court can be a analogical interpretation, the progressive attitude of the Regulation and the view of Court forward to protect passengers' interest is a leading role in the area of international air passenger transportation. Hopefully, after the model of the positive support in Europe, Korea can establish a concrete rule for protecting passengers' right and interest.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.16
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 1998

This study classifies distinctive peculiarities of cruise interior design which is different from that of structures on the land through the theoretical study on the cruise equipped with functions of hotel and ship. The distinguishing marks are : The first one of the main peculiarities is associated with the International agreement and the safety of passangers and the ship required by the specific regulation. The cruise interior design should be also selectively chosen. The third in comply with the peculiarity of the space plan the base of planning the cruise spaces are as follows : The course of bow and stern the pillar the center line of ship main vertical bulkhead watertight subdivision bulkhead and the deck. The last by special peculiarity of construction materials, materials and products applied for the cruise should meet the regulation of SOLAS and IMCO.