• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the midline having the least difference between the right and left structures among the lines that had been used in the study of the craniomaxillofacial asymmetry. The sample of this study consisted of twenty six Korean girls(average 18.9 years old) having normal facial appearance and occlusion. On the frontal cephalometric films of the sample, we divided the whole craniomaxillofacial area into four portions, i.e., cranial, upper facial, lower facial, and dental portion. So, we have found the midlines having the least difference in the whole craniomaxillofacial area itself, and in the each divided four portions, furtherly in the other portions from aimed portion. The findings were as follow: 1. In the whole craniomaxillofacial area, the connecting line between crista galli and anterior nasal spine and the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramen rotundums were suitable for the midline. 2. In the cranial portion, established all six lines were suitable for midlines. In the other portions, the perpendicular bisection line between both condylion, the line passing the contact point between right and left mandibular central insisiors among the perpendicular lines between right and left mandibular central incisial tips were suitable midlines fer evaluating the asymmetry of cranial portion. 3. In the upper facial portion, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left zygions was the most suitable midline. In the other portions, the line between the crista galli and the most superior point of the odontoid process, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left gonions, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left condylions, and perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramens rotundum were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of the upper facial portion 4. In the dental portion, the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left buccal cusps of both maxillary first molars and between right and left mandibular first molars were suitable midlines. In the other portions, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left landmarks crossing the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and orbit, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left mental foramens, and the connecting line between crista galli and prosthion were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of dental portion. 5. In the lower facial portion, the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left condylions and between right and left gonions were suitable midlines. In the other portions, the line between the crista galli and anterior nasal spine, the perpendicular bisecting line between right and left foramen rotundums, and the perpendicular bisecting lines between right and left buccal cusps of both mandibular first molars and between right and left maxillary first molars were suitable midlines for evaluating the asymmetry of the lower facial portion.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vibratory stimulation applied to the left forearm on unilateral neglect in patients with stroke. Methods : The subjects were 11 unilateral neglect patients with stroke. They were divided into 2 groups; 6 experimental subjects and 5 control subjects. Both groups received standardized rehabilitation program and occupational therapy for the intervention of unilateral neglect in a day. In random order, line bisection test (LBT), Albert test, and star cancellation test (SCT) were conducted at baseline, the next day. During the process of all assessments of the next day, vibration stimulation was provided for the 6 subjects in the experimental group (EG), while the 5 subjects in CG carried out all assessments without vibration stimulation. Result : No significant differences were found between groups on any demographic variable or baseline assessments scores. In the next day, there was significant improvement in the EG for the LBT(p<0.05), Albert's test(p<0.05), and SCT(p<0.05). However, there was no significant improvement in the CG for the LBT(p<0.05), Albert's test(p<0.05), and SCT(p<0.05). Conclusion : These result indicate that vibratory stimulation has a positive effect on the unilateral neglect, and may be considered as alternative choice in clinical occupational therapy for reducing unilateral neglect.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2003

A 'pusher syndrome' encompassing postural imbalance and hemi-neglect is believed to aggravate the prognosis of stroke patients. The patients with pusher syndrome show a particular posture that pushing away from the unaffected side of the body. The objective of this study was to investigate associated proprioception, associated neuro-psychological symptoms and characteristics of functional outcome with and without pusher syndrome. The subjects of this study were 58 acute stroke patients who been rehabilitated at two university hospitals in Seoul and Buchun. Data were collected using proprioception test and line bisection test. The ability of ADL was assessed by the Modified Barthel Index, transfer by the Functional Independence Measure, and balance by the Modified Motor Assessment Scale. The results were that significant difference was found in the presence of proprioception, in the incidence of hemineglect and anosognosia, and in the score of ADL, transfer and balance between patients with and without pusher syndrome. Patients without pusher syndrome gained more motor score than patients with pusher syndrome. From improvement of view, patients with pusher syndrome gained the lowest score in ability of transfer. The finding suggest that the patients with pusher syndrome is a poorer functional outcome, be related to proprioception, hemineglect and anosognosia.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare plantar pressure distribution between affected side and unaffected side and to analyze plantar pressure distribution of affected side according to the extent of hemineglect in the adult hemiplegia. Methods : Twenty-five hemiplegia participated in this study. The analysis of plantar pressure distribution was conducted by the F-scan system, and the extent of hemineglect was evaluated with line-bisection test. While the subject walked about 10 meters in their comfortable speed the plantar pressure was evaluated and stored. Results : Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory, contact pressure of mid-foot of the affected side were significantly different from the unaffected side. Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory and contact pressure of mid-foot were smaller than those of unaffected side. In the comparison among the group according to the extent of hemineglect, AP CoP trajectory of subject who has severe hemineglect was significantly different from the patient that has no hemineglect and it was shorter than that of no hemineglect. Conclusion : The plantar pressure distribution was generally different between affected side and unaffected side and the hemineglect affected negatively the patient to move CoP forwardly while walking. Accordingly, it will help the clinician to understand the hemineglect which has an effect on abnormal walking and to intervent the hemiplegia who has a neglection to the affected side.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2282-2303
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• 2021

To solve the problems of heavy computing load and system transmission pressure in energy internet (EI), we establish a three-tier cloud-edge integrated EI network based on a cloud-edge collaborative computing to achieve the tradeoff between energy consumption and the system delay. A joint optimization problem for resource allocation and task offloading in the threetier cloud-edge integrated EI network is formulated to minimize the total system cost under the constraints of the task scheduling binary variables of each sensor node, the maximum uplink transmit power of each sensor node, the limited computation capability of the sensor node and the maximum computation resource of each edge server, which is a Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) problem. To solve the problem, we propose a joint task offloading and resource allocation algorithm (JTOARA), which is decomposed into three subproblems including the uplink transmission power allocation sub-problem, the computation resource allocation sub-problem, and the offloading scheme selection subproblem. Then, the power allocation of each sensor node is achieved by bisection search algorithm, which has a fast convergence. While the computation resource allocation is derived by line optimization method and convex optimization theory. Finally, to achieve the optimal task offloading, we propose a cloud-edge collaborative computation offloading schemes based on game theory and prove the existence of Nash Equilibrium. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can improve output performance as comparing with the conventional algorithms, and its performance is close to the that of the enumerative algorithm.

• 고령자･치매작업치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2018

목적 진동자극기는 타 치료도구에 비하여 임상환경에서 손쉽게 구할 수 있으며, 팔 활성화훈련을 수동적으로 할 수 있다는 것이 장점이다. 다음과 같은 장점에도 불구하고 최근 진동감각에 관련한 연구는 활성화 되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 환측 상지의 손에 제공된 진동감각이 뇌졸중 환자의 편측무시 감소에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 뇌졸중으로 인한 편측무시 증상을 가진 환자를 대상으로 2018년 10월 19일부터 동년 11월 7일가지 약 3주간 실시하였다. 연구 설계는 개별실험 연구방법(single-subject experimental research design) 중 ABA설계를 사용하였으며, 평일 하루에 한 번 총 18회로 (기초선 과정 4회, 중재 과정 6회, 기초선 회귀 과정 3회)를 실시하였다. 대상자 선정을 위하여 MMES-K를 사용하였으며 편측무시 검사도구로는 선 나누기 검사(Line Bisection test; LBT), 알버트 검사(Albert's test), 별 지우기 검사(Star Cancellation Test: SCT)를 사용하였다. 분석을 위해서 기초선과 중재기의 회기 별 측정값은 그래프를 이용하여 시각적으로 분석하였고, 평균값을 사용하였다. 연구결과 세 가지 평가결과 모두 기초선 기간보다 훈련 기간에 놓친 오류의 개수가 감소하였고, 훈련 후에도이 감소는 유지되었다. 선 나누기 검사에서 평균 $4.5{\pm}1$개 누락에서 평균 $2{\pm}1.2$개 누락 그리고 평균 $0.6{\pm}0.5$개 누락으로 오차가 감소하였다. 알버트 검사 결과, 평균 $22.5{\pm}1.9$개 누락에서 평균 $8{\pm}7.3$개 누락 그리고 평균 $0.3{\pm}0.5$개 누락으로 오차가 감소하였다. 별 지우기 검사에서는 평균 $26{\pm}4.6$개 누락에서 평균 $21.8{\pm}1.7$개 누락 그리고 평균 $20{\pm}0$개 누락으로 오차가 감소하였다. 결론 본 연구에서는 진동감각 자극치료가 편측무시 증상 개선에 지속적인 효과가 있다는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 추후의 연구에서는 객관성을 높이기 위한 보다 체계적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이며 중재효과를 더욱 극대화 시킬 수 있는 다양한 중재법에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2018

본 연구는 실시간 시선 및 머리 추적 방식을 사용하여 기존의 지필검사의 실행증으로 인한 검사 오류를 최소화하고, 환자의 머리와 시선 방향의 틀어짐을 정량적으로 평가를 하고자 하였다. 이에 대한 결과로 시선 및 머리 움직임 정보를 정량적으로 측정할 수 있는 소프트웨어를 개발하고, 기존 지필검사로 많이 사용되고 있는 선 나누기 검사와 별 지우기 검사를 전산화하였다. 또한, 재활 훈련을 위해 Warren의 시지각 계층 모델 하위 수준의 시각적 기술에 해당하는 콘텐츠를 구현하여 반복적이고 독립적이게 수행될 수 있도록 하였다. 이를 통해 환자가 능동적으로 재활에 참여하도록 하고 개선된 정도를 정량적으로 비교할 수 있다.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2014

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 동영상 관찰훈련이 편측무시와 일상생활활동 수행능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 뇌졸중 진단을 받은 환자 30명을 대상으로 실험군 15명은 작업치료와 물리치료 외에 추가로 동영상 관찰훈련을 실시하였고, 대조군은 작업치료와 물리치료 외에 추가로 위상치료를 실시하였다. 치료 중재 전 후의 편측무시를 비교하기 위해 선 나누기 검사를 시행하였고, 일상생활활동 수행능력을 비교하기 위해 FIM을 시행하였다. 결과 : 동영상 관찰훈련을 시행한 집단이 위상치료를 시행한 집단에 비해 편측무시가 감소되었고, 일상생활활동 수행능력이 더 많이 향상되었다. 선 나누기 검사로 평가된 편측무시는 일상생활활동 수행능력과 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 동영상 관찰훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 편측무시 감소와 일상생활활동 수행능력 향상을 위한 치료방법으로써 임상에서 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the chopping pattern of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the neglect, balance ability, and activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemi-spatial neglect. METHODS: Twenty stroke patients with neglect volunteered for this study. The subjects were assigned randomly to either the experimental group (EG, n=10) or control group (CG, n=10). The chopping pattern of PNF and exercise therapy were applied in the EG and CG, respectively, for four weeks. Neglect, balance, and activities of daily living were evaluated at the pre-and post-intervention. The assessment tools included a line-bisection test, balance test using Space balance 3D, and modified Barthel index. The pre-and post-intervention values were compared in each group using a paired t-test and the between-group differences were assessed using an independent t-test. Statistical significance was set to ${\alpha}=.05$ for all variables. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the EG and CG in terms of neglect, balance, and activities of daily living (p<.05). Both groups showed significant improvement in neglect, balance, and activities of daily living (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the chopping pattern of PNF is effective in improving the hemi-spatial neglect, balance, and activities of daily living in stroke patients with neglect.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2013

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 착시현상이 반영된 과제지향적 거울치료 중재 적용 시 상지기능의 변화를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 뇌졸중 진단을 받은 6명의 환자들을 대상으로 과제지향적 거울치료 중재를 실시하였다. 과제 지향적 거울치료 시 착시현상을 반영한 운동프로그램을 적용한 그룹과 착시현상을 반영하지 않는 운동프로그램을 적용한 그룹 각각 3명으로 나누어 실시하였다. 상지기능의 변화를 확인하기 위해서 상자와 나무토막 검사와 수직선 그리기 검사를 매회기 반복 측정 하였다. 결과 : 과제지향적 거울치료를 적용한 결과 모든 대상자는 중재기에서 마비측 상지기능이 향상되었으며, 기초선 회귀에서 그 효과가 지속됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 착시현상이 반영된 운동프로그램을 적용받은 그룹이 중재기에서 더욱 상향된 경향선을 보였고, 기초선 회귀에서 더 높은 상지기능이 지속되었다. 결론 : 과제 지향적 거울치료 운동프로그램은 뇌졸중 환자에게 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 과제 지향적 운동프로그램 구성 시 착시현상을 일으키는 편측 움직임을 포함하는 과제를 활용하여 좀 더 효과적인 운동프로그램을 구성할 수 있을 것이다.