• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.116-119
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• 2007

The application of light weight materials, such as aluminum alloy, has been limited due of their poor formability. Especially, aluminum alloy tube has limited expansion capability at most 15% at room temperature. New manufacturing process, called hot air forming, is introduced to apply aluminum tube to the automotive suspension components which have complex shape and require high expansion ratio about 40%. The process is carried out at the elevated temperature above $500^{\circ}C$, so numerous material properties and process parameters related to the high temperature should be investigated and determined to get a sound product. In this study, the effect of thermal properties and forming parameters such as the temperature of tool, axial feeding and gas pressure are analyzed by using explicit finite element method.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-80
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• 2010

Poultry welfare has recently appeared as worldwide concern as well as Korea. The recent action plan for farm animal welfare introduced by the European Commission intends to expand the body of regulatory standards. In this context, many countries and/or organization are on the verge of establishing the most optimum poultry welfare standards. To establish the most optimum standards, comparative analysis of feeding regimen before and after welfare-bestowed environment need to be preceded. Most guidelines or standards for poultry welfare do not suggest the nutritional requirements and feeding system in detail, although it is deterimental especially for the farmer. This review intends to find scientific base to establish detailed welfare feeding guidelines. However, only limited research has been conducted in the view of actual poultry welfare. The results indicated the incidence of SDS, ascites, skeletal dysfunctions caused by fast growth rate in broiler, feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hen, and feed restriction in broiler breeder could be reduced by changing nutritional regimen and feeding strategies or both. The regimen and feeding strategies are certainly near to the direction that the poultry welfare ought to be in the right track. In this article, feeding and drinking guidelines in many standards as well as welfare feeding experiments have been reviewed and compared In the view of chicken productivity, welfare physiology and poultry health.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2014

Feeding behavior of Temora turbinata was investigated through laboratory experiments with special emphasis on its food preference and consequent clearance rate on diatom and microbial components given as common natural food assemblage of coastal area (Uchiumi, Uwa Sea, Japan). Among available prey items, T. turbinata showed the highest clearance rate for Thalassiosira spp. ($0.23{\pm}0.08L\;Temora^{-1}day^{-1}$) followed by Chaetoceros spp. ($0.11{\pm}0.03L\;Temora^{-1}day^{-1}$), but clearance rates for other diatom, Nitzschia spp. was lower (0.03 to $0.07L\;Temora^{-1}day^{-1}$). Bacterial abundances showed no response against 24-h feeding of T. turbinata. Feeding of T. turbinata on heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) was apparent when clearance rates of T. turbinata on diatoms were relatively low, but T. turbinata did not consume HNF as well as ciliates with Thalassiosira spp. of which clearance rate was highest. The results suggest that HNF and ciliates are possible supplementary prey item for T. turbinata, but their contribution as food sources can be limited by the presence of other prey items such as preferable diatom species.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.414-427
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• 2012

Carcass characteristics and meat quality traits as a function of endpoint months of slaughter age (26 vs 32 mon) and chiller ageing (1 vs 10 d) were evaluated for m. longissmus of 26 Hanwoo steers fed with commercial diets including whole crop barley silage. Totally twenty six Hanwoo steers for 6 mon of age that were fed until 26 mon of age constituted the short term-fed group and fed until 32 mon of age constituted long-term fed group. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h and were graded. Strip loin samples were divided into two age groups (1 d and 10 d). Long-term feeding increased carcass weight, rib-eye area, yield grade, marbling score, firmness and quality grade of the meat. The feeding for 32 mon produced tender, juicy meat (p<0.01) with lower cooking loss and higher rating score (p<0.05) than short term feeding, while other quality traits were not influenced by the length of feeding. Intramuscular fat content and oxidative stability (TBARS value) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in beef from long-term feeding however the length of feeding did not alter the fatty acid composition. Chiller aging reduced instrumental tenderness (WBSF value), improved color, sensory tenderness, acceptability and rating of beef. The results of the present study mirrors that Hanwoo steers until 32 mon of age overall improved carcass traits and palatability compared to that for 26 mon. However, from the viewpoints of economical and environmental aspects, cost of the additional feeding for 6 mon for value-adding of eating quality was relatively high and the effects in turn were limited.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.415-427
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• 2021

Wetland ecosystems act as natural freshwater purification systems, but their rich biodiversity is being threatened with the introduction of the non-native freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata. This study was conducted to measure the herbivory effects and growth rate of P. canaliculata on common macrophytes: Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea batatas, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Cucurma longa. In separate experiments, the macrophyte species were served as the snails' food as individual species and simultaneously. In the individual treatment, the growth pattern and rate were based on the snails' weight (mg/snail/day; n = 9) while the individual feeding consumption (mg/snail/day) was calculated from the leftover food. In the simultaneous treatment, the herbivory effects were evaluated as the feeding preference (%) from observations every two hours, while the total feeding consumption (mg) was calculated based on the food remaining after a 12-hour experiment (3 replicates: total n = 27). The results indicated that the growth pattern was significant for snails grazing on I. aquatica but not when other macrophyte species were eaten. The individual feeding consumption was higher when using I. aquatica than P. amaryllifolius but the growth rate for snails grazing on I. aquatica and P. amaryllifolius did not differ significantly. Meanwhile, the consumption of C. longa deterred the snails' growth rate. Although the snails consumed all the macrophytes in the individual experiment, when given the species simultaneously, the feeding preference and total feeding consumption were directed significantly more toward I. aquatica than P. amaryfollius and C. longa. We conclude that P. canaliculata is a generalist feeder given a limited choice of food but tends to show a strong feeding preference after being introduced to more food choices. These findings indicate that the introduction of P. canaliculata into wetland ecosystems may increase the herbivory effects on macrophytes, making these ecosystems vulnerable to the impact of eutrophication and biodiversity reduction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess critical care nurses' perception, knowledge, and nursing practices regarding enteral nutrition. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with 187 nurse participants who worked in one of the eight medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) from four hospitals in Korea. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Although critical care nurses' perception toward enteral nutrition was high, knowledge was relatively low. The overall perception and knowledge of the nurses did not differ significantly between medical ICU and surgical ICU nurses. Perception of their own knowledge, in particular, 'nutritional goal' was lower for medical ICU nurses compared to surgical ICU nurses. Nurses also had limited knowledge about the significance of enteral nutrition, confirmation of feeding tube location, and nutritional requirements for ICU patients. They inadequately performed the following: changing the feeding tube every 24 hours, inspecting nostrils daily, and adjusting feeding schedule if feeding was stopped. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ICU nurses need up-to-date information about enteral nutrition. Based on the improved perception and knowledge, nursing practice activities with regard to enteral nutrition should be emphasized to enable nurses to provide optimal nutrition for ICU patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2013

Purpose: The study was done to construct and test a structural model to explain primipara breastfeeding behavior. Methods: The participants were 213 primiparas on postpartum wards. Data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 and AMOS 19.0 programs. Results: Fitness statistics for the hypothetical model were appropriate ($x^2$=38.50, p=.070, GFI=.96, RMSEA=.05, AGFI=.93, NFI=.95, TLI=.97, CFI=.98, PNFI=.57, $x^2/df$=1.43). Breastfeeding behaviors were directly influenced by intention to breastfeed, perceived effectiveness of breastfeeding, and the amount of supplementary feeding. The amount of supplementary feeding had the largest direct impact on breastfeeding behavior. The largest total effect on breastfeeding behavior was intention to breastfeed. The environment of the maternity hospital indirectly influenced breastfeeding behavior. These factors explained 18.9% of variance in the primipara breastfeeding behavior. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that in order to promote primipara breastfeeding the amount of supplementary feeding immediately after the birth should be limited and an environment that encourages exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital should be provided. The results also suggest it is necessary to provide nursing interventions that increase the intention to breastfeed and the perceived effectiveness of breastfeeding.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1322-1327
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• 2004

There are some previous studies that utilize constant impedance models or constant current models for electric trains to perform the static analysis of AT feeding systems. These mentioned models have some merits of linear systems but yield erroneous results because of the innate restraints of the models since linear models cannot represent the features of constant power in inverter-driven trains. From these reasons, it is suitable that the train be considered as a constant load model when it drives or as a constant source model when it applies regenerative brake. However, excessive rise of regenerative voltage during the braking may damage the vehicle itself and the feeding systems so the voltage must be restricted below a certain value. Keeping these facts in minds, we suggest new methods of analyzing AT feeding systems using the constant power models with the conditions of voltage constraints. The simulation results from a sample system using the proposed method illustrate both the states of system variables and the supply-demand relation of power among the trains and the systems very clearly, so it is believed that the proposed method yields more accurate results than conventional methods do.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-25
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• 2024

Objective : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly suffer from feeding disorders. Major feeding problems include mealtime behavior problems, picky eating, and a lack of food variety can lead to nutritional problems, developmental and social limitations, and stress for the caregivers. A review of the latest literature was conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of assessment tools for feeding disorders in children with ASD. Method : This study analyzed assessments to identify feeding problems in ASD based on previous studies searched through keywords such as ASD, ASD feeding problem, and ASD feeding evaluation. Results : The ASD feeding disorder assessment was divided into direct and indirect assessments. Indirect assessment, in which caregivers measure a child's situation using questionnaires, is mainly used. The assessment of feeding disorders in children with ASD was divided into 1) mealtime behavior, 2) sensory processing, 3) food consumption, and 4) others. Conclusion : As the main feeding disorder characteristics of children with ASD are very diverse, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary but is still limited. Swallowing rehabilitation experts, such as occupational therapists, should apply comprehensive assessment tools based on a basic understanding of the feeding problems, behaviors, and sensations in ASD.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.176-187
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• 1997

As a way to evaluate the performance of IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) processes, heating values of coal gas as well as plant efficiency were compared for different rank coals and coal feeding methods by employing the static process simulation technique. Performance of the process was compared with coal rank that was varied by three assorted bituminous coals and also by three subbituminous coals, in addition to the two types of feeding techniques, i.e., dry-feeding and slurry-feeding, that are utilized in entrained-bed coal gasifiers. For the verification of the simulation technique, simulated results were compared first with the actual pilot plant data published from Shell and Texaco. The simulation technique was, then, applied to other coals. Result from tests varying coal rank exhibits the trend of improving both heating content of the product gas and plant efficiency with increasing carbon content in coal. The effect of coal rank is more sensitive in slurry-feeding cases compared to the dry-feeding cases. In particular, considering notably lower values in gas heating value and plant efficiency calculated in the slurry-feeding case that uses a subbituminous coal, limited utilization of the slurry-feeding method for subbituminous coals can be expected. From the plant efficiency point of view, dry-feeding method resulted in higher simulated efficiency values by maximum 3% for subbituminous coals and ca. l% for bituminous coals.