• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.207-219
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of suicide attempts and non-attempts of the elderly living alone and the subjects in this study were 690 elderly persons living alone in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, this study used descriptive analysis, mean comparison correlation analysis, and binominal logistic regression analysis using PASW 20.0. To explain the suicide attempts of elderly persons who live alone, variables such as sex, age education level, monthly household income, religion, subjective economic status, subjective health status, ADL/IADL, depression, hopelessness, social support, and stress were used. The findings of the study were as follows: First, 9.2 percent(64) of the elderly living alone had attempted suicide and 90.8 percent(626) had never attempted suicide. Second, monthly household income, hopelessness, and social support were identified as the factors that affected their suicide attempts. In other words, the elderly living alone who had lower monthly household income, less social support, and greater feelings of hoprlessness had made more suicide attempts. As it is a cross-sectional research using data from non-probability sampling, this has a limitation in generality sampling, this has a limitation in generalizing the study results. To overcome this limitation, longitudinal research using data from probability sampling is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

In this paper, effects on the heat transport limitation of heat pipe by the wick structural factors were theoretically analyzed for the sintered-copper wick heat pipe. Uniformity of particle size and sintering process were acted as dominant factors on the pore distribution and wick porosity, and small deviations of the wick thickness and the pore size greatly affected the heat transport limitations of the heat pipe. Especially, slight variations of the wick thickness, mean particle radius and capillary radius along the vapor temperatures and inclination angles remarkably changed the capillary limitation of the heat pipe.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2014

In this paper, we introduce an intelligent robotic arc welding system which exploits sensors like as LVS (Laser Vision Sensor), Hall effect sensor, voltmeter and so on. The use of industrial robot is saturated because of its own limitation, and one of the major limitations is that industrial robot cannot recognize the environment. Lately, sensor-based environmental awareness research of the industrial robot is performed actively to overcome such limitation, and it can expand application field and improve productivity. We classify the sensor-based intelligent arc welding robot system by the goal and the sensing data. The goals can be categorized into detection of a welding start point, tracking of a welding line and correction of a torch deformation. The Sensing data can be categorized into welding data (i.e. current, voltage and short circuit detection) and displacement data (i.e. distance, position). This paper covers not only the explanation of the each category but also its advantage and limitation.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-76
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• 1998

Various trials to overcome the limitation of current accounting which fails in synchronizing business activities and their information have failed to make satisfactory result merely showing a little saving of processing time. This is because such trials have been done within the boundary of double-entry bookkeeping system. Without consolidating business activities and their information, reformation efforts such as BPR(business process re-engineering), ABC(activity-based costing), CALS(commerce at light speed) etc to fit the business organization to the changing business environment could not be achieved. Overcoming the limitation of accounting takes precedence of any other attempt to construct the management information systems. Activity Information Accounting System(AIAS) proposes the way of overcoming the limitation of current accounting by using the new accounting methodology and unique solution to real time accounting information. AIAS produces accounting and management information directly of activity information without bookkeeping process of activity information. AIAS adopts method of transforming the details of corporation activities directly into accounting information rather than method of double-entry bookkeeping system. The purpose of this paper is to prove AIAS to be very flexible system by using flexibility concepts. Flexibilities are defined as three aspects, namely ① timeliness (rapid accounting information generations and presentations) ② easy systems modificabilities according to environment changes ③ adaptabilities to all industries.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1353-1361
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to provide fundamental data for developing a depression prediction model by discovering main factors that affect depression in patients who do maintenance hemodialysis. Method: The subjects were 191 patients doing maintenance hemodialysis selected from outpatient dialysis clinics at 9 major general hospitals, The Instrument tools utilized in this study were adapted from depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, stress, adaptation, symptoms, daily activities, and role limitation and thoroughly modified to verify reliability and validity. The collected data was analyzed with a SPSS-PC 11.0 Window Statistics Program for real numbers, percentage, average, standard deviation, and multiple regression. Results: The correlation factor for depression was (M=2.54) fatigue(M=3.12), sleep disturbance (M=2.82), stress(M=3.04), adaptation(M=2.53), daily activities(M=2.24), symptoms(M=2.37), and role limitation(M=2.24). The strongest factor that affected depression was explained by symptoms of the patients who performed hemodialysis. The analysis of the factors that affected depression revealed a $58.4\%$ prediction in symptoms, stress, role limitation, and adaptation. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the regression equation model(Depression=7.351 + .266$^{\ast}$symptoms + .260$^{\ast}$stress -.l89$^{\ast}$adaptation + .057$^{\ast}$fatigue) of this research may serve as a prediction factor for depression in Hemodialysis Patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and risk factors in elderly people (old vs oldest-old) with arthritis. Methods: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) was used with a sample of 1,084 elderly people with arthritis aged 65 or above. Results: We found that the prevalence of depressive symptom was greater for oldest-old people (66.7%) compared to old people (56%). Significant differences between old people and oldest-old people were found for education, living with spouse, number of generation, regular exercise, body mass index (BMI), ADL limitation, self-rated health, and depression. Significant differences existed between depression and non-depression in terms of all variables except region and BMI among old people. But, among the oldest people, ADL limitation and self-rated health showed differences. The Logistic regression analysis revealed that religion, medical comorbidity, ADL limitation, self-rated health were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in old people. But, in oldest-old people, none of the variables were associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The findings show that there are age differences in depression and related factors in elderly people with arthritis. Longitudinal studies, which covered depressive symptom severity and which are controlled for a large number of potential confounders, will need to complement the results of this study in the future.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

A null lens system of autostigmatic type, consisting of two mirrors, is designed for testing a large aspherical mirror. The system is theoretically analyzed to determine the limitation of measurement accuracy according to the manufacturing and alignment errors. We confirmed that irregularity of the null lens surface is the principal factor among tolerances in limiting measurement accuracy. Consequently, we can predict that measurement accuracy will be from 5λ/100 to 4λ/1000 according to the amount of this irregularity. That is, we can present the limitation of possible measurement accuracy with actual alignment and manufacturing errors.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07c
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• pp.1540-1541
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• 2006

For limitation and interruption of short circuit currents from low voltage to extra high voltage applications, the electrical equipment including fuses and circuit breakers, are widely used today. But in order to anticipate increasing needs for effective and competitive device for limiting the growing fault current in electrical power systems, fault current limitation technologies and fault current limitation devices are widely introduced and investigated in these days. Fault current limiters are emerging electric equipment which is under development using various methods including superconducting fault current limiter, solid state fault current limiter, arc driving fault current limiters. And these various methods have some advantages and disadvantages to take into considerations In order to commercialize fault current limiters in the electrical networks, a lot of discussions should be given on the point that fault current limiting methods, need for fault current limiters, coordination with existing protective system, and field experience before commercialization. In this paper, recent trends of fault current limiting technologies will be reviewed and the key issues of superconducting fault current limiters will be dealt with. And finally, future applications of superconducting fault current limiters would be discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.623-632
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• 2015

This study proposes a control strategy of the common rail pressure with a fuel injection limitation algorithm to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions under transient states. The proposed control strategy consists of two parts: injection quantity limitation and rail pressure adaptation. The injection limitation algorithm determines the maximum allowable fuel injection quantity to avoid rich combustion under transient states. The fuel injection quantity is limited by predicting the burned gas rate after combustion; however, the reduced injection quantity leads to deterioration of engine torque. The common rail pressure adaptation strategy is designed to compensate for the reduced engine torque. An increase of the rail pressure under transient states contributes to enhancement of the engine torque as well as reduction of PM emissions by promoting atomization of the injected fuel. The proposed control strategy is validated through engine experiments. The rail pressure adaptation reduced the PM emission by 5-10% and enhanced the engine torque up to 2.5%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of ultrasound and myofascial release in patients who have opening mouth limitation and temporomandibular disorder. Methods：Twenty students were randomly assigned to a myofascial release group(n=10) or an ultrasound group(n=7). Each group was treated for 15 minutes per a every treatment session for four weeks. Cervial range of motion(CROM) was used to measure cervical R.O.M., and a mm(millimeter) graduated ruler was used to measure opening mouth limitation. Results：Results of the follows : 1. The neck extension of range of motion of both groups was significantly increased in length of time (p<.05). 2. The neck flexion of range of motion of both groups was significantly increased (p<.05). 3. The quantity of opening mouth of temporomandibular joint of both groups was significantly increased (p<.05). Conclusion：These data suggest that myofascial release and ultrasound are beneficial to increasing a functional recovery of neck(flexion and extension) and opening mouth.