• 제목/요약/키워드: likelihood ratio statistics

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어가의 고용량 결정요인 분석 (An Analysis on the Determinants of Employed Labour Quantity in the Fishing Industry)

  • 김태현;박철형;남종오
    • 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.545-567
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 포아송모형, 음이항모형, 영과잉 포아송모형, 영과잉 음이항모형을 이용하여 어가의 고용량 결정요인을 분석하고, 개별모형 간 고용량 결정요인을 비교 분석한다. 이들 모형의 추정에 사용된 자료는 통계청에서 제공하는 2010년과 2015년의 농림어업총조사 마이크로 데이터이며, 이들 자료를 풀링(Pooling)하여 고용량 결정요인과 그 변화분에 대해 추정한다. 분석모형의 선정 결과, 과대 산포 경향을 갖고 있으면서 자가 노동 및 가족 경영으로 고용을 대체하고 있는 수산업의 특성을 모형에 동시에 반영하고 있는 영과잉 음이항모형이 선정되었다. 또한 2010년 대비 2015년 고용량 결정요인의 변화분을 분석해 본 결과, 어선을 보유한 어가와 판매금액이 많은 어가는 고용량 감소에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 어가의 종사경력은 길수록 고용량 증가에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 자본화된 어가와 고령화의 가속화가 수산업의 어가 고용량 수 변화에 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다.

이변량 조건부자기회귀모형을이용한강력범죄자료분석 (Analysis of Violent Crime Count Data Based on Bivariate Conditional Auto-Regressive Model)

  • 최정순;박만식;원유복;김학열;허태영
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.413-421
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 5대 범죄중 사람의 생명과 신체에 심각한 위해를 가하는 강력범죄인 살인과 강도 범죄의 이변량 가산자료에 대해 이변량조건부자기회귀모형을 사용하여 공간상관성을 반영한 강력범죄모형을 제안하였다. 범죄자료와 같은 가산자료에 대한 과대산포 검정을 위해 우도비 검정 실시하였으며, 그 결과 과대산포가 유의하지 않음에 따라 공간포아송모형을 이용하였다. 실증예제로 2007년 서울시에서 제공하는 25개 자치구별 강력범죄자료를 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 강력범죄 발생실태를 시각화하였으며 강력범죄에 영향을 주는 다양한 요인들에 대하여 분석을 실시하였다.

병원 단위비용 결정요인에 관한 연구 (Analyses of the Efficiency in Hospital Management)

  • 노공균;이선
    • 한국병원경영학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.66-94
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    • 2004
  • The objective of this study is to examine how to maximize the efficiency of hospital management by minimizing the unit cost of hospital operation. For this purpose, this paper proposes to develop a model of the profit maximization based on the cost minimization dictum using the statistical tools of arriving at the maximum likelihood values. The preliminary survey data are collected from the annual statistics and their analyses published by Korea Health Industry Development Institute and Korean Hospital Association. The maximum likelihood value statistical analyses are conducted from the information on the cost (function) of each of 36 hospitals selected by the random stratified sampling method according to the size and location (urban or rural) of hospitals. We believe that, although the size of sample is relatively small, because of the sampling method used and the high response rate, the power of estimation of the results of the statistical analyses of the sample hospitals is acceptable. The conceptual framework of analyses is adopted from the various models of the determinants of hospital costs used by the previous studies. According to this framework, the study postulates that the unit cost of hospital operation is determined by the size, scope of service, technology (production function) as measured by capacity utilization, labor capital ratio and labor input-mix variables, and by exogeneous variables. The variables to represent the above cost determinants are selected by using the step-wise regression so that only the statistically significant variables may be utilized in analyzing how these variables impact on the hospital unit cost. The results of the analyses show that the models of hospital cost determinants adopted are well chosen. The various models analyzed have the (goodness of fit) overall determination (R2) which all turned out to be significant, regardless of the variables put in to represent the cost determinants. Specifically, the size and scope of service, no matter how it is measured, i. e., number of admissions per bed, number of ambulatory visits per bed, adjusted inpatient days and adjusted outpatients, have overall effects of reducing the hospital unit costs as measured by the cost per admission, per inpatient day, or office visit implying the existence of the economy of scale in the hospital operation. Thirdly, the technology used in operating a hospital has turned out to have its ramifications on the hospital unit cost similar to those postulated in the static theory of the firm. For example, the capacity utilization as represented by the inpatient days per employee tuned out to have statistically significant negative impacts on the unit cost of hospital operation, while payroll expenses per inpatient cost has a positive effect. The input-mix of hospital operation, as represented by the ratio of the number of doctor, nurse or medical staff per general employee, supports the known thesis that the specialized manpower costs more than the general employees. The labor/capital ratio as represented by the employees per 100 beds is shown to have a positive effect on the cost as expected. As for the exogeneous variable's impacts on the cost, when this variable is represented by the percent of urban 100 population at the location where the hospital is located, the regression analysis shows that the hospitals located in the urban area have a higher cost than those in the rural area. Finally, the case study of the sample hospitals offers a specific information to hospital administrators about how they share in terms of the cost they are incurring in comparison to other hospitals. For example, if his/her hospital is of small size and located in a city, he/she can compare the various costs of his/her hospital operation with those of other similar hospitals. Therefore, he/she may be able to find the reasons why the cost of his/her hospital operation has a higher or lower cost than other similar hospitals in what factors of the hospital cost determinants.

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순서형 프로빗모형에 의한 이륜차 사고심각도의 영향요인 분석 (Analysis of Factors influencing Severity of Motorcycle Accidents using Ordered Probit Model)

  • 최정우;금기정
    • 한국도로학회논문집
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.143-154
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    • 2014
  • PURPOSES : This study drew factors affecting motorcycle accidents in Seoul by severity using an ordered probit model and aimed to analyze and verify the drawn influence factors. METHODS : As the severity of the accidents could be classified into three types (fatal injury, serious injury and minor injury), this study drew the factors affecting accidents by a comparative analysis employing an ordered probit model, removed the variables that would not secure significance sequentially to construct a model with high explanatory power regarding the factors affecting the severity of motorcycle accidents, and calculated the marginal effect of each factor to understand the degree of each factor's impact on the severity. First, Model 1 put in all variables; Model 2 was constructed by removing the variables of the road surface conditions that could not meet the level of significance (p=0.608); Model 3 was constructed by removing gender variable (p=0.423); and Model 4 was constructed finally by removing age variable (p=0.320). RESULTS : As a result of an analysis, statistically significant variables were time of occurrence, type of accident, road alignment and motorcycle displacement, and it turned out that the impacts on the severity were in the following order: a road alignment of left downhill, the type of motorcycle-to-vehicle accidents and a road alignment of a flatland on the left. The significance of the models was tested using the likelihood ratio, the level of significance and suitability statistics about them, and as a result of the test, the significance level and suitability of the constructed models were all excellent. In addition, the model accuracy indicating the accuracy of a predicted value compared to that of the value actually observed was 70.3% for minor injury; 70.1% for serious injury; and 68.6% for fatal injury, and the overall accuracy was 70.2%, which was very high. CONCLUSIONS : As a result of an analysis of motorcycle accidents in Seoul through the ordered probit model and the marginal effect, it turned out that their severity increased in nighttime accidents as compared to daytime ones and gradually increased in the order of motorcycle-to-vehicle accidents, motorcycle-to-person ones and the ones involving motorcycle only. As a result of an analysis, the severity of accidents in road alignments of left downhill, left flatland and straight downhill increased as compared to those in a road alignment of straight flatland and that the severity of accidents of motorcycles with a displacement larger than 50cc was higher than that of those with a displacement smaller than 50cc.

연간 최대해일고 변동의 일반화 극치분포 적용 연구 (A Study on the Application of Generalized Extreme Value Distribution to the Variation of Annual Maximum Surge Heights)

  • 권석재;박정수;이은일
    • 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.241-253
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    • 2009
  • 기상변화로 인한 해일고의 장기간 변동성을 파악하기 위해 여수와 통영 조위관측소의 30년 이상의 해수면자료를 이용하여 해일고를 추출하고 연간 최대해일고의 변동경향 및 상위해일고의 기본특성 고찰과 연간최대해일고의 통계적 평가를 수행하였다. 선형회귀에 의한 연간 최대해일고의 증가율은 여수와 통영에서 각각 약 34.5 cm/34 yr와 33.6 cm/31 yr로 동해안 속초와 묵호에 비해 상대적으로 매우 높게 나타났다. 두 지역에서 최대해일고는 각각 71%와 68%가 태풍 시기에 관측되었으며, 해일고가 높을수록 태풍에 의한 영향이 컸던 것으로 나타났다. 최대 해일고에 대한 통계적 분석은 시간 경향을 고려한 일반화 극치분포를 이용하여 이뤄졌다. 또한 검블 분포도 고려하였는데, 어떤 분포가 더 적합한지를 결정하기 위하여 우도비 검정을 실시하였다. 미래에 대한 통계적 예측방법을 위하여 리턴레벨과 90% 신뢰구간을 제시하였다. 기후변화에 따른 해일고의 변동 특성에 대한 지속적인 분석 및 예측을 통해 강화된 태풍에 의한 해일피해를 경감할 필요가 있을 것이다.