• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.211-222
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• 2004

During the 1980s, Textile design achieved a remarkable growth in creating aesthetic effect and in establishing its standing by responding to demands of the time effectively and seeking changes proactively. This was a period when Textile design constructed its modern concept as it was attempting a qualitative improvement through advanced technology, high class, and differentiation. The advent of advanced materials through the development of textile engineering, employment of craft techniques to further cultural and artistic orientation, and restoration of decorativeness in pursuit of sensitivity, all these developments of the 1980s contributed to the rise of above characteristics. In this study, attempts are made to grasp the new trend of Textile design during the 1980s and to review diverse methods of aesthetic creation and plastic possibility which this trend presented for the Textile, and thus to recognize the role of Textile design and its importance in a new light. The new trend of Textile design during the 1980s can be summarized as follows: 1) An appreciation of the creative aspect of the Textile. As attempts are made to emphasize visual and sensitive aspects of the medium, Textile tended to become an object of art itself. 2) A new awareness of the representative and plastic capacity of the fiber material. As attempts are made to develope the creative potential of the Textile, representation of the material tended to become more diversified. 3) A recognition of the Textile as a proper means to deliver the spirit of the time. As the medium accommodates and fuses diverse cultures including traditional culture, more emphasis was place on cultural contents of the Textile. In the process of pursuing these changes, Textile design of the 1980s has also contributed to the creation of new values, laying the groundwork for its emergence as an advanced high value-added industry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 1987

This study was carried out to find out the effects of ammonia gas on the leaf destruction of vegetable crops, and nitrogen contents in their leaves. Radish, chinese cabbage, tomato and cucumber were fumigated with 0.05, 0.1, $0.2mg/{\ell}$ ammonia gas for 2 hrs under different exposure time, light and soil water condition at vegetative growth stage. The results obtained were as follows. The crop damages measured by percentage of leaf destruction were more severe at the night time fumigation than treatment during the day, at the full sun condition than the shading, and at the higher soil water contents. Cucumber plant showed higher resistance to ammonia gas than tomato plant. The chrolophyll contents in leaves of each crops were remarkably decreased by increment of ammonia concentration from $0.05mg/{\ell}$ to $0.2mg/{\ell}$, but the N content in them was increased.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2023

Objective: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients make up 40% of all scoliosis patients, and it is likely to increase even more because of the increase in sitting times due to the pandemic. Method: The subject of this study was a 16-year-old female student. The Cobb's Angle at initial value was 42° at the thoracic and 33° at the lumbar. The subject's height was 161.6 cm, and the type of scoliosis was 3CL. The brace was built with fabric materials with the size information from the X-ray information and actual measurements. The brace was made for the adolescents to wear for a longer time by making them put pressure on the same pressure points of the existing braces. The subjects were required to wear the device for 16 hours every day for three months. Additional features to check the pressure and time were synchronized through an app for easier communication and management with the responsible investigator. Results: After wearing the 3D Fabric brace, Cobb's angle changed from 42° to 33° at the thoracic and 33° to 23° at the lumbar. The ATR changed from 9° to 8° at the thoracic and 11° to 6° at the lumbar. As a result, the changes in the ATR angle do relate to the decrease of Cobb's angle, which made the angle of scoliosis that is bent in a three-dimensional way improve, making the height of the subject increase from 161.6 cm to 163.5 cm. Conclusion: Through this study, developing a brace that is made in the form of the 3CL to align the strap direction and putting pressure on the proper pressure points makes Cobb's angle and the ATR smaller. This means that there is a positive effect on the changes in height. A brace made of light fabric material is a good brace to help treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. There was an opinion that it is more comfortable to wear than existing braces, but it seems necessary to conduct a quantitative study about the before and after of wearing the brace and a survey for Korean specific cases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.2 s.115
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• pp.91-102
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• 2006

Tooth eruption requires remodeling of surrounding tissues. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of indomethacin on the dental follicle and paradental tissues during tooth eruption by observing the distribution and expression of MMP by the immunohistochemical method. Ten mongrel dogs of ten to twelve weeks old were divided into 5 groups; four experimental groups administered indomethacin 2 mg/Kg/day and 8 mg/Kg/day orally 2 times a day for 14 days and 7 days respectively, and the control group was administered a placebo. Permanent teeth before eruption and their surrounding tissues were selected and excised. H&E staining and immunohistochemical stainings of MMP-3 and -9 were performed and examined under the light microscope. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, ameloblasts and odontoblasts of the control group all expressed MMP-3 and -9. In the experimental group, osteoclasts, osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells showed reduced expression of MMP-3 and -9. Magnitude of MMP reduction In the experimental group showed a time and dose of indomethacin administration dependent manner. These results show that indomethacin inhibited MMP-3 and -9 expression in the dental follicle and surrounding tissues and suggest that when indomethacin is administered for long periods, tooth eruption could be delayed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was the observe the toxic effects of root canal sealers in 108 white rats. Experimental animals were divided into control and experimental groups. Theree representative types of materials, such as AH26, Z.O.E. and F.R. were used in this study. Cavities were prepared on the left mandibular area of 108 white rats. Three different sealers were placed in as experiment and bone cavities were left without filling as control. The experimental animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at the intervals of 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 49 days after filling. Each specimen was fixed with 10% neutral formalin solution, decalcified with 5% nitric acid, embedded in paraffin and sectioned 5-7${\mu}$. in thickness. The paraffin sections stained with Hematoxylin - Eosin were observed through the ordinary light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. Slight toxic effect to surrounding tissue were found in every experimental specimen. 2. AH26 showed the highest inflammatory response, and F.R. showed the lowest inflammatory response which subsided and replaced by fibrosis at 4 weeks after filling. 3. The cavity filled materials, such as implanted root canal sealers, blood clots and necrotic tissue, showed a tendency to be absorbed gradually proportioned to the experimental periods. A small amount of cavity filled materials were observed in the bone cavities after 4 weeks. 4. Fibroblastic proliferation began to produce fibrous capsule around the bone cavity in 2 weeks after filling. Fibrosis was prominent at 4 weeks after filling. 5. Osteoblastic activity of surrounding bone was observed at first in 2 weeks after filling and prominent in 4 weeks after filling. Osteoblastic activity showed an increasing effect as the time prolonged. 6. Surrounding tissue of the bone cavities showed the features of tissue destruction and had very severe inflammatory response at an initial stage. Above-mentioned appeared to be recovered gradually proportioned to the experimental periods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.654-665
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• 2017

It is major strategy for SMEs to cooperate with other companies or Public Research Institutes(PRIs) as the essential technology is getting more complicated and technological life cycle is getting short. However, It is not easy to perform a proper cooperation with SMEs for PRIs, because they are accustomed to support SMEs in the short run. In addition, previous studies also have mainly focussed on finding determinants of performance as a consequence of temporary cooperation instead of long-term relationships among companies. Therefore this study analyzed which satisfaction is more effective to maintain the long-term cooperative relationship between PRIs and SMEs. As a result, it has found that when SMEs satisfy from quality of input like manpower supports R&D and context of the support program over the output like technological or economical performance, they intend to continue cooperation with PRIs. And this paper shows that the performance has mediated effect rather direct effect on long-term cooperation intention. In light of all the above, to cooperate with SMEs effectively, it will be suggested that PRIs enhance quality of support process and contents instead of quantity of support based on one-time cooperation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of noncompetitive NMDA receptor blocker, MK801 on motor recovery, SSEP and pathology in spinal cord injured rat. Methods : The effects of MK801 on neuronal function protection, SSEP, and pathology were measured on spinal cord injury rats which were divided into 6 groups according to dose, time of drug delivery and magnitude of injury. Spinal cord injury was made with the magnitude of 25gm-cm and 50gm-cm on 42 rats. BBB locomotor function test was performed to evaluate the motor power recovery in hindlimb for 2 weeks after injury. After motor function test was completed, SSEP was measured. Amplitude and latency of the P1, N1 peak was measured and compared between groups. Finally rats were sacrificed, and pathologic findings including measurement of area of necrotic cord were studied and compared between groups. Results : Motor recovery at 2 weeks was better in MK801 group comparing to saline control group. SSEP at 2 weeks showed no difference in N1, P1 latencies, but significantly greater amplitude in MK801 group, compared to saline control group. On light microscope, there was no specific histologic differences between experimental groups. The cystic necrotic area in coronal plane was measured and compared in each group. The necrotic area was significantly smaller in MK801 1mg/kg group(delivered after injury) than vehicle group. The necrotic area in MK801 5mg/kg group and MK801 1mg/kg group(delivered before injury) was smaller than vehicle group even though it was not statistically significant. Conclusion : From the above result, it is speculated that NMDA blocker, MK801 can improve impaired neuronal function in spinal cord injury.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2010

By understanding physiological characters of plants and the environment, plant design should decide the relationship with other plants from the designer's curiosity of the plant's color, texture, form and other aspects. There are a traditional tendency that many designers put the plant's color ahead of other aspects. This study explores 4 gardens of Gertrude Jekyll's Munstead Wood, Vita Sackvill-West's Sissinghurst, Christopher Lloyd's Grest Dixter and Lawrence Johnston's Hidcote Manner. The flower border of Munstead is started with light grey and blue at the edge and it gets stronger colors like red and orange as the line comes to the middle. It is noticeable that white an blue colors were used unlike before. Sissinghurst made use of purple color which was very seldom used before and Dixter added orange to magenta color that was already there, giving a strong visual effect and through juxtaposition it could realize the wanted effect. A strong red border line was created in Hidcote Manner. Above mentioned designers arranged various colors so that visitors can experience different spacial senses according to observer's direction. In the cognitive space the main color and the secondary color arranged leading to the fact that the observer recognizes it as a whole. In plant design time means seasonal performance which influences the main color arrangement like gradation or contrast. Moreover, space determines the color's zone when it comes to plant design.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.240-245
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• 2001

Suppression of nitrate accumulation in vegetables through foliar application of micronutrients was investigated. Spinach and lettuce were grown in pots under greenhouse condition. Micronutrient solutions containing Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn were used; chitosan was added into one and the other contained chitosan oligomers. The micronutrient solutions were sprayed on the leaves at 3 and 4 weeks after transplanting of 20-day-old seedlings. Plants were harvested at 5-weeks after transplanting. Yield, contents of chlorophyll, Brix value, micronutrient, and nitrate, and nitrate reductase activity were measured. Fresh weights of lettuce and spinach were significantly increased by the foliar application of micronutrients. Contents of chlorophyll and micronutrients were higher in micronutrient-treated plants, while those of nitrate were reduced by about 10 and 14-23% in lettuce and spinach, respectively. Compared to the control plants, nitrate reductase activity was higher in plants treated with micronutrients. Results of this study indicate the effect of micronutrients on the suppression of nitrate accumulation was relatively small in comparison to the contents of nitrate in leaves of spinach and lettuce. To maximize the effect, nutrient composition in solution, application time, and frequency should be further examined, taking into consideration nitrogen level in soil and other environmental factors including light condition.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 1986

There are differences in recommendations in the USA as to whether nitrogen fertilizer should be applied when establishing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). The reason for not applying nitrogen is because some researchers found the addition of nitrogen reduced nodulation of alfalfa plants. A replicated experiment was conducted under controlled environmental conditions at the University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA, to determine the effects of nitrogen application on seedling growth and nodulation of alfalfa when grown in a cool environment. A sterile sand was used in the growing media to which a complete nutrient solution minus nitrogen was applied volumetrically to each pot daily. Half of the pots received $NH_4NO_3$, at the rate of 11.2 kg/ha, at seeding and two and four weeks after planting, giving a total nitrogen application rate of 33.6 kg/ha. Rhizobia inoculant (R-12) consisted of a mixture of strains 171-15a. 1682c and 80 PI 265 of Rhizobium meliloti. Inoculant was applied to the seeds prior to planting and to the sand media at two and four weeks after seeding. Twenty seeds were planted in pots 14.0 cm in diameter and 11.5 cm deep. Seedlings were thinned after emergence to ten plants per pot. They were grown in a controlled environment chamber with a 16-hour light period. Soil temperatures at 6 cm depth ranged from $5.7^{\circ}C\;to\;21.5^{\circ}C$ and had a daily mean of $16.2^{\circ}C$ Plants were harvested at weekly intervals for seven weeks at which time root, shoot and total length, dry weight, volume and number of nodules per plant were determined. Root, shoot and total length were not affected by nitrogen fertilizer. However, application of nitrogen increased the size of the seedlings as determined by dry weight and volume when compared to plants which were not fertilized. This indicates that rhizobia did not fix enough atmospheric nitrogen to promote good growth. Nitrogen application resulted in significantly more nodules per plant. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer became more apparent as the plant became older. Results of this experiment show there are benefits from applying nitrogen at a low rate when establishing alfalfa under a cool environment.