• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권4호통권161호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2005

다양한 광조건에서 식물의 생장조절에 관여하는 광수용체인 phytochrome B(PhyB) 유전자를 교잡종 포플러 수항1호에서 분리하였다. 염기서열분석 결과, PhyB cDNA는 길이가 3,456bp 이었으며 1,156개의 아미노산으로 구성된 단백질을 암호화하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. PhyB 단백질은 아미노산 수준에서 Populus balsamfera PhyB1과 98%의 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. Northern blot 분석 결과, PhyB 유전자는 광조건에서는 높은 수준으로 발현되지만, 암조건에서는 발현되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 PhyB는 빛에 의하여 발현이 유도되며 광수용체 역할을 하는 것으로 여겨진다.

• 기술사
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2009

The new method to improve pine-fungi activity are needed by customed forest tending. Fungi is essencial for human life. Pine-mushroom (Trichroma matsutake)products are related to fungi activity. These are improved by customed forest tending. For example, species arrangement, thinning ratio, light control, water supply etc.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권6호
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• pp.716-722
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• 2006

Eucalyptus pellita 기내줄기를 재료로 광질에 따른 생육 특성을 조사하였다. 전반적으로 줄기의 생장은 광질보다는 환기처리가 더 주요한 요인으로 나타났다. 특히 환기처리 한 청색광(blue LED) 하에서 묘고, 잎수, 절간수 및 액아수가 양호하였고, 잎에 캘러스가 형성되지 않았다. 식물체의 충실정도를 나타내는 건물율 역시 환기처리 하에서 높게 나타났으며, 청색광 하에서 가장 높은 건물율을 나타냈다. 광질별 총엽록소 함량은 형광등과 혼합광 R5B5(50% red LED + 50% blue LED)에서 $24.5{\mu}g/g$ 및 $20.1{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 광합성에 관여하는 카로티노이드 함량 역시 적색광(red LED)을 제외한 모든 광질에서 환기 처리 시 양호하게 나타났다. 결론적으로 E. pellita의 기내 줄기생장은 환기처리가 중요하고, 총 카로티노이드 함량을 기준으로 볼 때 혼합광 R5B5에서 건전한 줄기생장이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2004

표고버섯 톱밥재배시 배양에 의한 중량감소율과 생장기간에 따른 에르고스테롤 정량으로 균사 생장량을 조사하였고, 배양기간과 자실체 발생기간에 따른 균체 외와 균체 내의 효소 특성을 조사하였다. 배양기간에 따른 중량 감소는 산림5호가 농기3호와 산림6호에 비해 낮은 중량감소율을 나타냈다. 에르고스테롤 정량에 의한 균사 생장량 조사 결과, 암배양기간 동안 3균주 모두 균사 생장량이 증가하였으며, 농기3호가 상대적으로 높은 증가율을 보인 반면, 산림5호는 낮은 증가율을 보였다. 농기3호와 산림6호는 명배양기간 동안에 균사 생장량이 최고치에 이르렀으며, 산림5호는 자실체 발생기간 전까지 계속 증가하였다. 배양기간과 발생기간에 따른 글체 외와 군체 내 효소 역가를 측정한 결과, 배양 초기(10일)에는 셀룰로오스와 헤미셀룰로오스 분해에 관여하는 CMCase, avicelase, xylanase, glucanase의 역가가 높았고, 배양 10일 후 리그닌 분해에 관여하는 laccase와 Mn-peroxidase의 역가가 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2021

Background: Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically in the Korea National Arboretum (with no artificial light at night), with that of three nearby urban sites with a gradient of artificial light at night (five locations at each site). We analyzed the effects of the artificial night lighting index, mean annual temperature, and field light intensity (lux) at night on the insect community structure. Results: The urban sites generally exhibited higher species richness and abundance as well as clear indicator species compared with the control site. The size distribution of the collected insects markedly differed between the control and the three urban sites. The abundance of herbivorous and omnivorous insects increased and decreased, respectively, with the increase in light intensity. Species richness of herbivorous and omnivorous insects was likely correlated with the field light intensity at night and artificial night lighting index, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the association between nighttime environment and marked changes in insect community structure and revealed consequent transition of ecosystem services by changes in trophic group composition.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2020

생물발광은 생물체 내에서 빛이 방출되는 현상을 말한다. 이 현상은 루시페라아제(luciferase)에 촉매되는 루시페린(luciferin)의 산화 반응에 의해 나타난다. 생물발광은 균류를 포함하여 다양한 생물 종에서 나타남이 알려져 있다. 현재까지 약 80여 종의 균류에서 생물발광이 관찰됨이 보고 되었다. 화경버섯(Omphalotus japonicus)은 한국에 자생하는 대표적인 생물발광버섯이다. 본 연구에서는 화경버섯 균사의 생물발광에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과, 고체 배지에서 자란 화경버섯 균사체의 가장자리 부근에서 중심부에 비해 높은 발광이 관찰되었다. 또한 균사 표면에 상처를 내자 해당 부위에서 강한 생물발광이 관찰되었다. 이러한 생물발광의 증가는 처리 후 3시간에 최대로 나타났다. 다음으로 극단적인 온도 스트레스에 의한 생물 발광의 변화에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 외부 자극에 의한 상처 스트레스와 달리 고온이나 저온 스트레스에 의해 균사의 생물 발광이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 환경 스트레스에 의해 일어나는 생물발광 변화의 생리학적 및 생태학적 의미를 밝히기 위해 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2006

There has been considerable research in recent times in light-timber med structures in fires. These structures have included horizontal (floor-like) panels in bending and walls under eccentric and approximately concentric vertical loading. It has been shown that compression properties are the most dominant mechanical properties in affecting structural response of these structures in fire. Compression properties have been obtained by various means as functions of one variable only, temperature. It has always been expected that compression properties would be significantly affected by moisture and stress, as well. However, these variables have been largely ignored to simplify the complex problem of predicting the response of light-timber framed structures in fire. Full-scale experiments on both the panels and walls have demonstrated the high level of significance of moisture and stress for a limited range of conditions. Described in this paper is an overview of these conditions and experiments undertaken to obtain compression properties as a functions of moisture, stress and temperature. The experiments limited temperatures to $20{\sim}100^{\circ}C$. At higher temperatures moisture vaporizes and moisture and stress are less significant. Described also is a creep model for wood at high temperatures.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2004년도 생명공학 실용화를 위한 비젼
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• pp.178-178
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• 2004

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.49-92
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• 2013

In May 2010, Indonesia and Norway signed a Letter of Intent on "Cooperation on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation(REDD)." In the LoI, Norway agreed to offer Indonesia a sum of USD 1 billion with a view to encourage Indonesia to significantly contribute to the successful implementation of REDD+. On 20 May 2011, correspondingly, Indonesia announced the 2011 'Forest Moratorium' (the Presidential Instruction No. 10/2011) which was valid for the following consecutive two years. By means of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia aimed at significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, forest degradation and peatland conversion. In so doing, it also sought to improve forest governance. Meanwhile, concerned stakeholders also raised various questions about the effectiveness of the 'Forest Moratorium'. As an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', Indonesia announced the 2013 'Forest Moratorium'(the Presidential Instruction No. 6/2013) for another two-year period on 13 May 2013. Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' is concerned with stakeholders at various levels, who may play a role of significant 'agent' in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium'. This mechanism of the 'Forest Moratorium' should be understood in the light of forest governance. Employing stakeholder approach, therefore, this article attempts to analyze Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' in the light of forest governance. In this regard, it analyzes the detailed contents of the 'Forest Moratorium', the process of making the 'Forest Moratorium', current development of the Indicative Moratorium Map for suspension of new concessions on forest land, and contesting views of various stakeholders. At the same time, it also talks about how 'weak' forest governance had influence upon Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium'. In so doing, this article consequently attempts to evaluate Indonesia's 'Forest Moratorium' and also put it into perspective in terms of improving forest governance. The 2013 'Forest Moratorium' fundamentally represents a radical policy that is designed to suspend new concessions on forest conversion for another two-year period and its detailed contents attempt to reflect on various stakeholders from related industries and environmental NGOs. However, there are challenging factors in the process of implementing the 'Forest Moratorium', that is, 'weak' forest governance and also a discrepancy between forest planning maps designated by central and regional governments. The announcement of the 2013 'Forest Moratorium', as an extension of the 2011 'Forest Moratorium', may functionally strengthen and improve Indonesia's forest governance. However, at the same time, there is a practical limit due to the fact that it is merely a Presidential Instruction that lacks legal binding.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2010

It has been well established that leaf longevity is linked to the carbon economy of plants. We used this relationship to predict leaf lifetime carbon gains from leaf lifespan, and estimated the gross primary production (GPP) of a young deciduous forest of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) located in central Japan. The light-saturated photosynthetic rates of the leaves were measured repeatedly during the growing season. We used the leaf lifespan to calculate the conversion coefficient from the light-saturated photosynthetic rate into the realized leaf lifetime carbon gain under field conditions. The leaf turnover rate was estimated using litter traps. GPP was estimated as the product of lifetime carbon gain per unit of leaf mass, and the annual leaf turnover rate. The GPP of the forest in 2007 was estimated to be $1.2{\times}10^3gCm^{-2}y^{-1}$, which was within the range of previously reported GPP values of beech forests in Japan, and was close to the GPP of a European beech forest, as estimated by eddy flux measurements.