• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2020

The effect of three different light qualities on growth, photosynthesis, quality and safe parameters of hydroponic cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated indoor. Three different light qualities were created of red (660 nm), blue (450 nm) and green (550 nm) LEDs corresponding at ratio R660/B450 = 4/1 (RBL); R660/B450/G550= 5/2/3 (WWL); R660/B450/G550 = 1/1/1 (WL), which were tested at the same intensity (PPFD =190 μmol m^-2 s^-1). The results showed that the plant height and leaf number were the lowest in WL treatment. The SPAD, Net photosynthesis rate Pn, Fv/Fm, Leaf area index LAI values and all parameters of root characteristics were the highest in RBL treatment and were significantly different from two others. Fresh weight of stem, leaf and root, dry weight of root in the three light qualities were significantly different. In contrast, the highest K⁺ content in WL was different from WWL and RBL treatments, while Ca²⁺ and Fe²⁺ content were the highest in the RBL treatment. Vitamin C content was significantly different between the three treatments. nitrate and oxalic acid contents were the highest in WL treatment, whereas soluble-solids contents and vitamin C contents were the highest in RBL treatment. Oxalic acid, nitrate contents were observed tending reduced under WWL although oxalic acid content in RBL treatment was not different from WL and WWL treatments. In all three different light treatments were not detected Salmonella, E.coli. Our results suggest that RBL may be appropriate light for growth of spinach, but supplementary green light to a combination of red and blue LEDs at the reasonable rate can change the quality of spinach in a positive direction. Hydroponic cultivated spinach was safe for users.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.356-363
• /
• 2014

This work was conducted to investigate the field growth and yield of the sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) slips grown under different light emitting diodes (LEDs). Sweet potato cuttings of 3 cultivars ('Matnami', 'Shinhwangmi', and 'Yeonhwangmi') were cultivated under fluorescent lamp (FL) and several LEDs (PPF $150{\pm}5{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ at 20cm distance) in deep flow culture system for 20 days. The plants were acclimatized under sunlight for 10 days, and then cuttings (30cm length) were planted with $75{\times}25cm$ planting density on June 10th, covered with black vinyl film during growth period. Length and diameter of vine, number of root were excellent in the red plus blue (7:3) LED than the other treatments. At 30 days after planting, the survival rate in red plus blue (7:3) LED was significantly higher than that in FL and red LED, and it was not different among cultivars. Vine length, vine diameter, and number of node were not significant among LED light qualities and cultivars. After 120 days in the field cultivation, vine length, vine diameter, number of node, number of branch, and fresh weight of shoot were not significant among LED light qualities, but those except the number of branch showed significant differences among cultivars. Yield characteristics among LED light colors were not significant, but weight of storage root per plant, mean weight of storage root, and yield showed significant differences among cultivars. The yield per 10a in 'Matnami', and 'Yeonhwangmi' was significantly higher than that in 'Shinhwangmi'.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4 s.57
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the church architecture by Alvar Aalto. General features of Aalto's architecture are the result of accommodating Modern architecture with regional qualities of Finland. The church would be the best example for understanding his architecture because he designed most of his churches in the prime of life. He established architectural types in his 30s through Viipuri public library and Saynatsalo town hall. He developed these types and applied them to his whole design. His type acts as a principle of configuration of his church architecture rather than a copy of form and shows the characteristics in the field of building layout, dynamic space and the effective use of light. Therefore, Aalto's church architecture can be recognized as the representative of Modern Finnish architecture in that they developed the meaning of their specific context including site, region and cultural tradition without losing the concept and technology of Modern architecture.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.271-280
• /
• 1997

The short green period of zoysiagrass has been a problem in using for turf. This study was performed to check growth response of several wintergrasses under sunny and shady area in Korea. Wintergrasses of 5 species, 27 cultivars introduced from U.S.D.A., were used in this study. After establishment, two fluctuations of top growth were observed which varied according to the species; first, due to drought in May, second, due to high temperature and humidity from July to August. Red fescues and perennial ryegrasses showed severe growth retardation in sunny area during summer period. Kentucky bluegrasses and tall fescues maintained good Qualities nearly all the year round arid showed slight disease infections. Kentucky bluegrass 'Kenblue' and red fescue 'Agram' grown under shady area showed higher photosynthetic ability than under sunny area, except the temperature range from 30˚C to 40 ˚C under 40,000 lux light in red fescue 'Agram'. And the phorosynthesis was decreased at the temperature range from 35 ˚C to 40 ˚C. Key words: Wintergrass, Top growth, Visual rating, Photosynthesis, Poa pratensis. Festuca arundinacea, Pestuca rubra. Lolium perenne, Agrostis stolonifera.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.871-874
• /
• 2004

In recent, it is said that the trend of LCD is direction to pursue high qualities like as high transmittance, high contrast ratio, wide viewing angle, fast response time, and so on. Especially, it is known that these qualities are essential to large size LCD like as LCD TV and we can realize them through to uniform cell gap and deep black state. Until now, the ball spacer has been used to control of uniform cell gap. However, the existence of ball spacer inside the cell causes the deformation of the liquid crystal molecules and damage to alignment layer. Such a deformation of the liquid crystal causes light-leakage in the dark state, which lowers contrast ratio of the display. Nowadays, this problem has been solved by using Patterned Spacer on Color Filter. but Side Effect just as gravity mura has been induced. In this paper, we studied the mechanism on gravity mura in case of using patterned spacer on color filter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.638-644
• /
• 2007

Differences of meat qualities between Japanese Black and Holstein have been known in Japan, however, the causative proteins and/or the genetic background have been unclear. The aim of this study was to identify candidate proteins causing differences of the meat qualities between the two breeds. Using technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein profiling was compared from samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Five protein spots were observed with different expression levels between breeds. By using LC-MS/MS analysis and Mascot program, three of them were identified as ankyrin repeat protein 2, phosphoylated myosin light chain 2 and mimecan protein. Subsequently, we compared the DNA coding sequences of three proteins between breeds to find any nucleotide substitution. However, there was no notable mutation which could affect pI or molecular mass of the proteins. The identified proteins may be responsible for different characteristics of the meat qualities between Japanese Black and Holstein cattle.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.355-360
• /
• 1985

Soybean, hydrogenated soybean and corn oils, which were exposed to fluorescent light for different periods of time, were evaluated for sensory qualities by subjective sensory evaluation and instrumental gas chromatographic analysis. Sensory evaluation was conducted in 8 laboratories using a 10-point hedonic scale with a total of 95 panel members. The correlation coefficients between sensory scores and predicted sensory scores by gas chromatographic analysis for the 8 laboratories varied from 0.10 to 0.99. However, most laboratories had better than 0.90, which was considered excellent. The correlation coefficients between sensory scores of the 95 panel members and predicted sensory scores using the amount of 2. 4-decadienal isomers in oil determined by a gas chromatographic method for soybean, hydrogenated soybean, and corn oils, were r=0.96, r=0.97, and r=0.97, respectively. The correlation study suggests that it is possible to obtain realistic results of oil flavor qualities from the instrumental evaluation by combining improved gas chromatographic analysis, sensory evaluation, and statistical analysis for practical purposes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.828-837
• /
• 2015

The results of the analysis of dyed rayon fabrics treated with persimmon juice by padding are as follows. Rayon fabrics were dyed repeatedly with persimmon juice by a padding mangle for the development of dyeability. The merits of padding-based dyeing were easier color reproduction (versus traditional hand dyeing) of hard to obtain colors and color fastness to light and laundering. The add on weight increased with the number of padding times, and the color of the dyed fabrics had red-yellow colors with low brightness and high chromatic colors. Properties of fabrics treated with persimmon juice were: $2^{nd}$ level of light resistance, $4^{th}-5^{th}$ perspiration fastness levels, rubbing fastness, and $3^{rd}-4^{th}$ washing fastness levels. Dyed fabrics exposed to UV light have a deep yellow-red color that increased lightness and darken when exposed to sunlight. Rayon fabrics of a treated premordant indicated strong yellow colors, especially fabrics with Fe mordant indicated greenish red-yellow colors. The direction of the weft and warp increased and improved water-repellent qualities that increased with the number of dyeing padding times and persimmon juice; however, there was less anti-crease resistance. In addition, fabrics had good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 1991

Physical and chemical qualifies of 13 kinds of pepper imported from South-East Asian countries and Brazil were investigated. These included length and weight of berry, and color of the powder, and the contents of light berry, acid insoluble ash, piperine and volatile oil. While physical qualities of Sarawak special, Sarawak brown and Indian TGEB were the best(berries were larger and weightier, and the content of light berry was lower), those of Lampong ASTA and Lampong FAQ were relatively not good. In the other hand, chemical qualifies of Lampong ASTA, Lampong FAO and Indian TGEB were the best. In terms of color, all the samples were almost similar but that of Sarawak peppers were slightly lighter than the others.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of electric potentials of leaf surface induced by environmental stimuli in plant. The values of electric potentials varied with different intervals of light on and off, and light qualities and moreover, their changes were also varied according to the time of a day. Additionally, stimuli such as candle light, wind, or 5$^{\circ}C$ cool water spray also evoked considerable changes in leaf surface electric potentials and their signal patterns varied with species of plants tested. In frequency analysis of electric potentials, the distribution values by FFT were highest in 1-10 Hz frequency zone by the majority of stimuli. These results suggested that changes in leaf surface electric potentials depended upon plant species even though stimulus was the same and vice versa.