• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture(EA) and radio-frequency warm needling(RFWN) stimulation in acupoint combination on ankle sprained pain in rats. Methods : The lateral ligaments of the Sprague-Dawley rats ankle were injured surgically resulting in sprain, of which was divided into EA, RFWN treatment groups and control group without treatment. The level of pain was measured through foot weight bearing force ratio followed by calculating pain relief. To stimulate proximal or distal area in ankle sprain, combination of proximal acupoints(GB34-GB39) and distal acupoints(GB39-GB42) from sprain area were applied, respectively, to either EA or RFWN stimulation. In addition, naltrexone or phentolamine was injected intraperitoneally before the stimulation to observe the pathway of analgesic effects. Results : In the proximal combination of GB34-GB39, EA and RFWN significantly increased pain relief compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, in distal combination with GB39-GB42, both EA and RFWN stimulation did not relieve pain due to ankle sprains. In the combination of GB34-GB39, the analgesia of EA was inhibited by blockade of the ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor receptor. The analgesia of RFWN was inhibited by blockade of the ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor receptor as well as ${\mu}$-opioid receptor. Conclusions : We observed that the proximal combination was effective in relieving pain when the treatment by acupoint combination was applied to the ankle sprain pain. Also, it was confirmed that this analgesia was also related to the pathways of ${\mu}$-opioid receptors and/or ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2008

Ultrasonography of shoulder joint recently enlarges its utility since the knowledge of the shoulder disease is increased by numerous researches. Ultrasonography is not only noninvasive, safe, and relatively cheap, but also an unique modality that can monitor tendon movement during shoulder motion. Sonographic examination generally starts from the front side of the shoulder joint and finishes at back side in sitting position. Many structures in shoulder joint such as muscles, ligaments, glenoid labrum, bone, and especially rotator cuff tendon can be examined by ultrasonography. The rotator cuff is a motion unit consisted with subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles. It functions as fulcrum and compresses the humeral head onto the glenoid, and steers for shoulder joint.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.338-358
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• 2000

The effect of bench drying or removal of the periodontal ligament with NaOCl upon periodontal healing and root resorption after replantation of molars was studied in rats. A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley female rats were used and fed a powdered purina rat chow diet containing 0.4% beta-aminoproprionitrile. The maxillary first molars were extracted and the periodontal ligaments were removed either by bench drying for 15 minutes or by immersion in 2.5% NaOCl solution. The rats were sacrificed at 5, 10, and 21 days by heart infusion. In order to observe the effect of 0.5% stannous fluoride, $10^{-4}M$, $10^{-2}M$, and 1M etidronate disodium on the early stage of periodontal healing, the periodontal ligament was removed with 2.5% NaOCl followed by immersion of the molar in the respective solutions for 5 minutes. The rats were sacrificed after 10 days and the following results were obtained. 1. The removal of the periodontal ligament with 2.5% NaOCl seemed to be more effective than bench drying, since the resorption area in the NaOCl treated group showed a gradual increase whereas a decline in resorption area from 5 days to 21 days was observed in the bench dried group. 2. The application of 0.5% stannous fluoride seemed to enhance the periodontal ligament attachment and active migration of fibroblasts could be observed. 3. The application of $10^{-4}M$, $10^{-2}M$, and 1M etidronate disodium led to a good periodontal ligament attachment. No evident areas of root resorption were found. 4. The use of ${\beta}$-APN made it possible to extract the maxillary first molar with all five roots intact.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2020

Background: Neck pain can be caused by any structure in the neck, such as intervertebral discs, ligaments, muscles, facet joints, dura mater, and nerve roots. The hyoid bone is a structure that is also related to head and neck posture, neck movement and pain, but there are no studies on hyoid deviation, neck pain, and range of motion (ROM). Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fascia relaxation and mobilization of the hyoid bone on the ROM, pain, and lateral deviation of the hyoid bone. Methods: Twenty-five patients with neck pain identified by the lateral motion test (10 males [35.13 ± 7.67 years, 172.69 ± 3.90 cm, 78.77 ± 6.96 kg] and 15 females [35.13 ± 10.05 years, 161.11 ± 4.09 cm, 52.59 ± 2.98 kg]) was chosen randomly. Baseline values for pain, neck ROM, and lateral deviation in the hyoid bone were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS), goniometer, and tape measure. Then, each patient was treated with hyoid fascia relaxation and mobilization, and all results were recorded after intervention. Comparison of the results before and after intervention was analyzed using paird t-test (p < 0.05). Results: Right rotation, extension, VAS, and rotational asymmetry statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Right rotation and extension increased ROM, rotational asymmetry ratio and VAS decreased. However, there was no significant difference in flexion, left rotation, center point (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Fascia relaxation and hyoid mobilization could improve the ROM of cervical extension, asymmetry of the cervical rotation and neck pain.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1997

From 1980 to 1997, we experienced 3 skip metastasis in femur out of 19 osteosarcoma patients. After diagnostic incisional biopsy and chemotherapy, hip disarticulations for all patients were performed. Still the mechanism of skip metastasis is unclear, but there have been two suggestions including medullary extension through an intraosseous embolism of tumor cells, or trans articular extension along the planes of fascia, capsule, ligaments, and venous channels around joints. The mechanisms of skip metastasis in our cases were not clear, but it was considered as an initial preliminary stage of metachronous osteosarcoma. If there are evidences of skip metastasis, it is strongly recommended to disarticulate proximal to the skip lesion rather than to amputate transmedullary.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.191-195
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• 2010

Oleanolic acid is a natural triterpenoid that exists widely in foods and some medicinal herbs. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of oleanolic acid against Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from a Korean population. Antimicrobial activity against these bacteria was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time kill curves. The tolerance of human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligaments to oleanolic acid was tested using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The $MIC_{90}$ value of oleanolic acid for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus isolated from Koreans was 8 ${\mu}g/ml$. Oleanolic acid showed bactericidal effects against S. mutans ATCC $25175^T$ and S. sobrinus ATCC $33478^T$ at $1\;{\times}\;MIC$ ($8{\mu}g/ml$) and had no cytotoxic effects against KB cells at this dose. The results suggest that oleanolic acid could be useful in the future development of oral hygiene products for the prevention of dental caries.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2011

Introduction: Maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) is essential before surgery under general anesthesia in maxillofacial trauma patients. MMF is used basically to reconstruct the occlusion and occlusal stability to recover the facial shape and oral functions. The arch bar and wire is a traditional method for MMF, but it can not only bring pressure to the periodontal ligaments and teeth but also cause a penetrating injury to the surgeons. Materials and Methods: In this study, 198 patients with an open reduction using a manual reduction without MMF from September 2005 to May 2010 in Dankook University Dental Hospital were subjected to a follow-up evaluation during the postoperative 4 months periods. This study evaluated the incidence of complications according to the condition of the patient (gender, age), the state of bony union of the fracture sites and a numeric rating scale evaluation for postoperative pain scoring. Results: 1. The complications were classified into major and minor according to the seriousness, and the major complication rate was as low as 2.02%. Only 2 cases of re-operations (1.01%) were encountered. In the classification according to the fracture line, plate fracture was observed in both cases of mandibular symphysis fracture, and angle fractures and loosening of two screws were noted in the case of mandibular angle fracture. 2. The complication rate was similar regardless of gender and age. 3. The degree of bony union was satisfactory, and the complication rate was reduced as the bony union improved. 4. More patients complained of pain as the operation time was increased. Conclusion: The use of MMF is not always necessary if a skilled assistant is provided to help manually reduce the fracture site. Compared to other studies of mandibular fracture surgery using MMF, the complication rate was similar using only manual reduction and the patients' discomfort was reduced without MMF.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.180-183
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• 2009

Eagle's syndrome refers to a symptomatic elongation of the styloid process or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments that usually accompanies facial and pharyngeal pain, dysphagia, and foreign-body sensation in the throat. Making an accurate diagnosis is difficult as Eagle's syndrome can be accompanied with referred pain to various areas of head and neck. Treatment options for Eagle's syndrome include non-surgical and surgical methods. The surest and the most effective method for relieving the symptom is surgical removal or reduction of the elongated styloid process. The present study reports two cases of female whom were diagnosed as "Eagle's syndrome" and whose chief complain was foreign-body sensation and pain in the throat on movement. Surgical removal via transoral approach of the elongated styloid process is a safe surgical option with favorable results compared to extraoral approach.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2002

Myositis ossificans progressiva, also known as 'fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva' is a rare disorder, most probably inherited as a mendelian dominant trait with irregular penetrance. It is characterized by congenital malformations of the great toes and progressive edema, calcification and ossification of the fasciae, aponeurosis, ligaments, tendons, and connective tissue in interstitial tissues of skeletal muscle. The basic defect is in the connective tissue, whereas the skeletal muscle remains fundamentally normal. We report two cases of a brother and sister whose the disorder is involved in a same family.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2009

Objective : This study was carried to identify the anatomical component of FTMM(Foot Taeyang Meridian Muscle) in human lower limb, and further to help the accurate application to real acupuncture. Methods : FTM at the surface of the lower limb was labelled with latex. And cadaver was stripped off to demonstrate muscles, nerves and the others and to display the internal structures of FTMM, being divided into outer, middle, and inner layer. Results : FTMM in human lower limb is composed of muscles, nerves, ligaments etc. The internal composition of the FTMM in human lower limb are as follows : 1) Muscle : Gluteus maximus. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, triceps calf, fibularis brevis tendon, superior peroneal retinacula, calcaneofibular ligament, inferior extensor retinaculum, abductor digiti minimi, sheath of flexor tendon at outer layer, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, plantaris, soleus, posterior tibialis, fibularis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis, flexor digiti minimi at middle layer, and for the last time semimembranosus, adductor magnus, plantaris, popliteus, posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus, dorsal calcaneocuboidal ligament at inner layer. 2) Nerve : Inferior cluneal nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous n., sural cutaneous n., proper plantar branch of lateral plantar n. at outer layer, sciatic nerve, common peroneal n., medial sural cutaneous n., tibial n. at middle layer, and for the last time tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus branch of tibial n. at inner layer. Conclusions : This study proves comparative differences from already established studies from the viewpoint of constituent elements of FTMM in the lower limb, and also in the aspect of substantial assay method. We can guess that there are conceptional differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles of FTMM and those which pass near by FTMM) in human anatomy.