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Chondroprotective Effects of Cinnamomum cassia Blume in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis (골관절염 랫드 모델에서 계피의 연골보호 효과)

  • Kim, Myoung Hwan;Kang, Seong Soo;Kim, Gonhyung;Choi, Seok Hwa
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 2013
  • The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Cinnamomum cassia Blume (CC) extract on the repair of damaged cartilage in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA) by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and medial meniscus resection (MMx). Forty-eight rats were assigned to six groups (n = 8 per group): sham as negative control (NC), positive control (PC), diclofenac sodium (DS, 2 mg/kg), CC 25 mg/kg, CC 50 mg/kg and CC 100 mg/kg groups. Treatments were 12 weeks from 7 days after ACLT + MMx. Loss of cartilage and joint instability were significantly reduced in response to treatment with CC or DS compared to the PC (p < 0.05). CC significantly ameliorated cartilage degradation in a dose-dependent manner as assessed by histological findings (p < 0.01). A reduction in the severity of structural changes and a dose-dependent increase in Safranin-O staining intensity were observed in CC treatments, indicating that cartilage degradation was inhibited. Although DS did not affect the increase in active caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-induced apoptosis during the progression of OA, cells reactive to these apoptotic markers were decreased significantly by CC (p < 0.05). However, treatments with CC or DS did not influence the uptake of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. The findings suggest that CC can exert a chondroprotective action on OA through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.

Prevention of Alpine Ski Injuries (알파인 스키 부상의 예방)

  • Eun Seung-Pyo
    • Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 2002
  • The types of Alpine ski injuries have changed through the years in relationship to the development of skiing equipment. Modern skis, boots and bindings are better at protecting the tibia, which previously was almost as commonly injured as the knee. Since the 1980s, severe knee sprains, most of them involving the anterior cruciate ligament have tripled while injuries of the lower extremity below the knee diminished significantly. However, recent studies show no further improvements in either lower leg fractures or increase in the rates of ACL sprains has occurred. The use of carving skis presents an increased risk for sustaining isolated ACL injuries in more skilled skiers and less skilled skiers are more likely to sustain an ankle fracture than skiers using conventional skis. To restore the trend of diminishing lower leg injury rates, efforts will be needed to motivate skiers to have their equipment serviced by ski shop professionals following ASTM (American Society for Testing and Material) standard procedures. As of now, there are no boots, bindings or skis on the market designed to protect skiers from the ACL injury. The only method proven to reduce ACL injury Is a training program based on recognizing the circumstances that lead to ACL injury in skiing and to avoid these events.

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The effects of continuous and intermittent compressive pressure on alkaline phosphatase activity of Periodontal Ligament cells (지속적 및 간헐적 가압력이 치주인대 배양세포의 Alkaline Phosphatase 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Suk-Yee;Bae, Seong-Min;Kyung, Hee-Moon;Sung, Jae-Hyun
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.27 no.4 s.63
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    • pp.599-605
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    • 1997
  • The propose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cellular activity on PDL cells dependent on intermittent and continuous compressive force by determining the alkaline phosphatase activity. An intermittent and continuous compressive forces were applied on PDL cells at the confluent stage. The alkaline phosphatase activity was measured on control and experimental groups every 24, 48, 72hours. The experimental group were consist of continuous and intermittent compressive group which were compressed by 300g/cm2 of diaphram pump. The intermittent compressive group was connected by timer which was worked on 10 minutes and off 10minutes. The results were as follows ; 1. The alkaline phosphatase activity of intermittent compressive group was lower than control group at 24 hours(P<0.05). 2. The alkaline phosphatase activity between each groups showed no significant differences at 48hours. 3. The alkaline phosphatase activity of continuous compresssive group was significantly higher than control group at 72 hours(P<0.01).

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EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON THE NORMAL PERIODONTIUM (전기자극이 정상 치주조직에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Kyung-Seok;Kwon, Young-Hyuk;Lee, Man-sup;Park, Joon-Bong
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.89-112
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    • 2002
  • The earliest reports of the use of electrical energy to directly stimulate bone healing seem to be in 1853 from England, the techniques involved the introduction of direct current into the non-united fracture site percutaneously via metallic needles, with subsequent healing of the defect. One endpoint of the periodontal therapy is to generate structure lost by periodontal diseases. Several procedural advances may support regeneration of attachment, however, regeneration of alveolar bone does not occur consistently. Therefore, factors which stimulate bone repair are areas for research in periodontal reconstructive therapy. Effects of cytokines or growth factors on bone repair are examples of such areas. Another one is electrical current which occurs in bone naturally, so that such bone may be particularly susceptible to electrical therapy. The purposes of this study were to observe the effects of electrical stimulation on the normal periodontium, to determine whether the electricity is the useful means for periodontal regeneration or not. Forty rats weighted about 100 gram were used and divided into 4 groups, the first group, there was no electrical stimulation with the connection of electrodes only. In the second group, there was stimulated by the 10 mA during 10 minutes per a day, in the third group was stimulated by the 25 mA , and the fourth by the 50 mA. At 3, 5, 10 and 15 days post-appliance , two rats in each group were serially sacrificed. and the maxillae and the mandible processed to paraffin, and the specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for the light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was the distinct reversal line on the lingual alveolar crest, whereas a little changes in the labial alveolarcrest to the duration and amount of currents. 2. In 50 mA group, the cells were highly concentrated at the apex of anterior teeth, and was observed the necrotic tissue. In posterior root apex, the hypercementosis was appeared, and newly formed cementum layer has been increased continuously with the time. 3. The periodontal ligament fiber and Sharpey's fiber were arranged in order, and the bone trabeculae were increased as the experiment proceeded by, relatively the bone marrows were decreased. 4. In the pulp tissue, the blood vessels were increased with blood congestion in the experimetal specimens remarkably, and the dentinal tubules were obstructed . 5. The osteoblasts in alveolar bone proper had been showed highly activity, and also observed the formation of bone trabeculea. In the conclusion, it was suggested that the electrical stimulation has influence on the periodontium and the pulp tissue. However, there might be the injurious effects.

Expression of PDL-specific protein;PDLs22 on the developing mouse tooth and periodontium (발생중인 생쥐 치아 및 치주조직에서 치주인대-특이 단백질; PDLs22의 발현)

  • Park, Jung-Won;Park, Byung-Ki;Kim, Sang-Mok;Kim, Byung-Ock;Park, Joo-Cheol
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2002
  • The periodontal ligament(PDL) is a unique tissue that is crucial for tooth function. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms controlling PDL function. PDL-specific protein;PDLs22 had been previously identified as a novel protein isolated from cultured human PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between human gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern and tissue localization of PDLs22 protein in embryonic and various postnatal stages of developing mouse using immunohistochemical staining. Embryos (E18) and postnatal (P1, P4, P5, P15, P18) were decapitated and the heads were fixed overnight in a freshly prepared solution of 4% paraformaldehyde. Some specimens were decalcified for 24 weeks in a solution containing 10% of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Next, tissues were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially at 6μm in thickness. Polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLs22 peptides, ISNKYLVKRQSRD, were made. The localization of PDLs22 in tissues was detected by polyclonal antibody against PDLs22 by means of immunohistochemical staining. The results were as follows; 1. Expression of PDLs22 protein was not detected in the tooth germ of bud and cap stage. 2. At the late bell stage and root formation stage, strong expression of PDLs22 protein was observed in developing tooth follicle, osteoblast-like cells, and subodontoblastic cells in the tooth pulp, but not in gingival fibroblasts, ameloblasts and odontoblasts of tooth germ 3. In erupted tooth, PDLs22 protein was intensely expressed in PDL and osteoblast-like cells of alveolar bone, but not in gingival fibroblasts, mature osteocytes and adjacent salivary glands. 4. In the developing alveolar bone and mid-palatal suture, expression of PDLs22 protein was seen in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and osteoblast-like cells of developing mid-palatal suture, but not in mature osteocytes and chondrocytes. These results suggest that PDLs22 protein may play an important role in the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL cells, which can differentiate into multiple cell types including osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and PDL fibroblasts. However, more researches should be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLs22 protein which related to the PDL cell differentiation.

Effects of Sophorae Radix Extracts on the Expression ofcell cycle regulatory porteins in Human Gingival Fibroblasts (고삼추출물이 치은섬유아세포의 세포주기 조절단백질 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Heung-Sik;Kim, Hyun-A;Yu, Yong-Ouk;Kang, Tai-Hyun;Kim, Youn-Chul;Kim, Tak;Pee, Sung-Hee;You, Hyung-Keun;Shin, Hyung-Shik
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.869-885
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    • 2000
  • Fibroblasts are major cellular components of gingiva and periodontal ligament. They regulate the healing process after surgery or injury. Recently, many natural medicines, whose advantages are less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity, their anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Sophorae radix have been traditionally used as an anti-bacterial and antiinflammatory drug in oriental medicine. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of Sophorae radix extract on cell cycle progression and its molecular mechanism in human gingival fibroblasts. Sophorae radix extracts(100μg/ml) notably increased cell proliferation and cell activity in the human gingival fibroblasts as compared to non-supplemented controls. There was an increase in the S phase and a decrease in the G1 phase in 100μg/ml of Sophorae radix extracts group as compared to non-supplemented controls. The level of cyclin E and cdk 2 protein in test group was higher than that of control groups. But that of cyclin D, cdk 4, and cdk 6 was not distinguished from controls. The level of p53 protein in test group was lower than that of controls, whereas that of p21 was not different. The level of pRB protein in test group was higher than that of controls, whereas that of p16 was lower. These results indicate that the increase of cell proliferation by Sophorae radix extracts may be due to the increased expression of cyclin E and cdk 2, and the decreased expression of p53 and p16 in human gingival fibroblasts.

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Suppressive effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza oil on plaque and gingivitis (천연추출물 Curcuma xanthorriza oil 함유치약의 치태 및 치은염 억제효과)

  • Hong, Ji-Youn;Kim, Sang-Nyun;Ha, Won- Ho;Chang, Sug-Youn;Jang, In-Kwon;Park, Ji-Eun;Jung, Sung-Won;Um, Yoo-Jung;Choe, Seong-Ho;Kim, Chong-Kwan
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.1053-1071
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    • 2005
  • To find out the suppressive effect of natural extract Curcuma xanthorrhiza on IL1β and MMP-2 derived from periodontal ligament cells through in vitro study and to confirm its effect on plaque and gingivitis through clinical study, Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste was used and following results were produced. 1. In vitro study, type IV collagenase MMP-2 production was inhibited dose-dependently in the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza compared to the control group. 2. In vitro study, the production of ILlβ which is one of the inflammatory mediators associated with periodontitis was inhibited dose-dependently in the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza. 3. On the third week, the plaque index of the groups treated with or without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpastes were both increased significantly compared to the baseline(p<0.05). 4. On the third week, the gingival index of the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste was not significantly different from baseline. However, the group treated without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed a significant increase of gingival index at shielded area(p<0.05). 5. The gingival index of the group without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed a significant increase in the sites without tooth brushing when compared to sites with tooth brushing(p<0.05). However. there was no significant difference for the group with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste in sites either with or without tooth brushing. 6. The Bleeding on probing for the group without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed no significant difference even when tooth brushing was done. However, for the group with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste, bleeding on probing was significantly reduced compared to baseline when tooth brushing was done(p<0.05).

FACTORS INFLUENCING TO REGENERATION OF THE ALVEOLAR BONE IN THE SUPRAALVEOLAR DEFECTS IN DOGS;I : EFFECT OF THE DECALCIFIED FREEZE-DRIED BONE ALLOGRAFT (성견 수평골 소실시 치조골 재생에 영향을 주는 인자;I : 냉동 탈회 건조골 동종이식의 효과)

  • Kim, Chong-Kwan;Chai, Jung-Kiu;Cho, Kyoo-Sung;Choi, Seong-Ho;Jung, Hyun-Cheol;Moon, Ik-Sang
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.374-390
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    • 1993
  • Regeneration of periodontal tissue after a loss of attachment due to disease or trauma repesents an important issue in dentistry, and various bone graft materials have been used to regenerated lost periodontal tissue and restore proper fuctions. Among those, allografts have been extensively researched and widely used clinically, since they are known to possess an excellent osteoinduction capability and result in proper topography of alveolar bone. Regeneration of periodontal tissue in supraalveolar defects may be technically difficult. However, a large amount of regeneration has been observed by complete tissue coverage of involved teeth. In this study, supraalveolar defects in adult dogs were treated with periodontal surgery, decalcified freez-dried bone allograft, complete tissue coverage was attained, and effects on repair and regeneration of alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament were studied. Exposure of premolar furcation of adult dogs was attained by removing marginal alveolar bone down to 5mm from CEJ, and root surfaces were planed with curettes. On the left side, defects were treated without any allograft(Control Group). On the right side, a DFDB was used(Experimental Group). In all groups, flaps were coronally positioned and sutured, completely submerging the treated defects. At two weeks, the crown were exposed 2-3mm. Healing progresses were histologically observed after eight weeks and the results were as follows : 1. Distance from CEJ to AJE was : 2.82±0.66mm in the control group, 1.71±0.51mm in experimental group, with significant differences between groups.(P<0.01) 2. Periodontal repair was : 2.18±0.66mm in the control group, 3.29±0.51mm in experimental group, with significant differences between groups.(P<0.01) 3. Connective tissue repair was : 1.43±0.52mm in the control group, 0.76±0.47mm in experimental group, with significant differences between groups.(P<0.01) Orientation of connective tissue fibers in relation to root surfaces was : mostly parallel in the control group, vertical or parallel or irregular in experimental group. 4. The amount of cementum formation was : 1.66±0.58mm in the control group, 2.86±0.66mm in experimental group, with significant differences between groups. 5. The amount of alveolar bone formation was : 0.76±0.72mm in the control group, 2.53±0.56mm in experimental group, with significant differences between groups.(P<0.01)

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MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTED TEETH BY AUTOTRANSPLANTATION IN CHILDREN (소아에서 자가치아이식에의한 매복치의 처치)

  • Ryu, Hyun-Seop;Lee, Chang-Seop;Lee, Sang-Ho
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.564-572
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    • 2000
  • We decided among extraction, orthodontic traction and autotransplantation such as direction and position of unerupted tooth, degree of developing root apex, eruption space, being of supernumerary tooth or odontoma or cyst when tooth impacted. Autotransplantation is considered when orthodontic traction is unrealistic or when tooth movement can absorb root of neighbor tooth. The prognosis for successful autotransplantation is dependent on a number of factors such as root development, surgical technique, patient's age, endodontic treatment, time and type of splinting, preservation of periodontal ligament and storage medium. Especially when severe osseous defect is being, bone graft considered for reducing of mobility and for assisting recovery. In all cases, chief complaint is unerupted tooth and various causing factors were supernumerary, odontoma, ectopia and so on. Before autotransplantation, space regaining was done if needed and demineralized freezed dried bone and autogenous bone graft was done when there is severe osseous defect by extraction of supernumerary tooth or odontoma. Splinting was removed after 2-3weeks At 3-4weeks after autotransplantation, endodontic treatment was decided. At follow up check, normal recovery was done and there was no inflammatory or replacement root resorption in periapical radiograph.

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THE GROWTH OF HOMOGENEOUS EMBRYO TOOTH BUD TRANSPLANTED INTO THE ALVEOLAR SOCKET OF A RAT (흰쥐의 발치와에 이식된 태아 치아싹의 발육)

  • Chang, Suk-Chul;Chung, Han-Sung;Lee, Jae-Ho;Kim, Seong-Oh;Choi, Byung-Jai
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2006
  • The developmental process of a tooth is being presented as an important study subject to analyze formation of normal dental arch and tooth. The purpose of this study was to see the formation of tooth from a tooth bud transplanted in a white rat regarding that the jawbone could be used as a new donor site of a trasplant. The first molar of a matured white rat was extracted and the tooth bud of a 13.5 day rat embryo was transplanted. The histological and radiographical results after 4 and 8 weeks respectively are as the following. 1. Calcification in dentin, cementum, pulp and periodontal ligament was formed from the tooth bud transplanted in the alveolar socket. 2. The development of hard and soft tissue was delayed compared to the normal tooth formation and abnormal histologic features such as ankylosis and osteodentin were found. 3. The formed hard tissue did not erupt into the jaw within 8 weeks.

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