• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.162-163
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• 2013

A temporary work are lifting equipment that tower crane or lift, and temporary architectures that office building and storage in construction site. And it is main construction work that built and used temporarily like to a scaffolding, a walk plate, and a formwork. This study is to adjust breakdown structure of temporary work to introduce technical tendency. With a site manager, it is collected a detailed statement and compared. As a result to break down a tendency that temporary equipment, additional function, and direct work of temporary technique, first, existing detail technical indexes that group I, group J, group K, and group L are classified. Second, due to set up and manage to main agents in case of existing detail technical indexes that B1, B2, it is not wrong to classify. But, it is somewhat different, and therefore adjust it to same level. Finally, as a technical tendency that temporary equipment, additional function, and direct work of temporary technique, it is adjusted the others.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is searching for technical merits and demerits of each weight lifting player through qualitative motion analysis system. Moreover, It is also analysis the repeating the establishment of exercise purpose and studying for the effect of the field adaptation. The subject of this study was five male weight lifting players who have been engaged in Korean Delegation Team. The institution of exercise target was made through two times qualitative analysis and the result of studying for the effect of the field adaptation was produced before offering feedback. Moreover, two time analysis added after offering feedback. All analysis was based on 2-D visual analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Maximal barbell moving speed in starting phase was decreased after offering feedback. This result implies advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 2. From starting posture to 앉아받기, forward and backward moving distance of hip joint was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 3. In terms of pull phase, forward and backward moving distance of hip and shoulder joint was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 4. In terms of pull phase, the difference of horizontal value of coordinates was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 5. In terms of pull phase, the motion range of hip joint was decreased after offering feedback in three of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them were not variable or narrow decreasing. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 6. From apex point of barbell to 앉아받기, the difference of barbell height was decreased after offering feedback in three of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them weren't variable or narrow increasing. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 7. In terms of last-pull phase, the angular velocity of knee joint was increased after offering feedback in four of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them, only one subject, decreased. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 8. In terms of last-pull, the conversional tendency of maximal extension to flextion came out all but simultaneously without offering feedback in four of five subjects. This is well-performed technique. Only one subject, however, could not use power effectively because the fact that his maximal extension came out in serial, from ankle to knee and waist means dispersion of power. In addition to, after offering feedback, only one subject made increasing the maximal extension of knee in last-pull and this result represents advancement of skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them could not make meaningful development after offering feedback. 9. It might be assumed that searching for technical merits and demerits of each weight lifting player through qualitative motion analysis system could improve player's skill.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2009

Objectives: The aim of the present review was to evaluate survival rate and various factors associated with survival of osseointegrated implants. Patients and methods: The clinical comparisons were performed to evaluate survival rate of 794 endosseous implants that had been inserted between 2004 through 2008 in relation to sex and age of patients, position of implant, implant system and surface characteristics, length and diameter of implant, and bone graft technique. Results: The survival rate of implant was 94.3% in posterior area of maxilla and 98.6% in posterior area of mandible by position of implant, a statistically significant difference. As to diameter of implant, survival rate was 98.4% between the 4.0 and 4.5 mm and 75.0% in larger than 5.0 mm, that was statistically significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference regard to bone graft and surgical technique. The implant survival rate was 89.0% in a placement site which performed sinus lifting, and in case of implant placement with guided bone regeneration technique and without bone grafting was 97.6% and 100% each. Conclusion: According to these findings, this study establishes a relationship between survival rate of implant and position, surface characteristics, diameter of implant and bone graft technique.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.572-579
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• 2015

Background Facial rejuvenation can be achieved using a variety of techniques. Since minimally invasive procedures for face lifting have become popular because of their convenience and short operating time, numerous minimally invasive surgical procedures have been developed. In this study, a nonabsorbable polypropylene mesh is introduced as a new face lifting instrument, with the nasolabial fold as the main target area. In this paper, we report the efficacy and safety of a polypropylene mesh in midface rejuvenation. Methods Thirty-three subjects with moderate-to-severe nasolabial folds were enrolled from two medical institutions for a noncomparative single-sample study. A mesh was inserted above the superficial muscular aponeurotic system layer, reaching the nasolabial folds through a temporal scalp incision. After 3 weeks, the temporal end of the mesh was pulled to provide a lifting effect. Then, the mesh was fixed to the deep temporal fascia using nonabsorbable sutures. To evaluate efficacy, we compared the scores on the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale and a visual analog scale for patient satisfaction between the baseline and 7 weeks postoperatively. In addition, we evaluated safety based on the incidence of adverse events. Results The treatment was deemed effective at improving wrinkles in 23 of 28 cases, and patient satisfaction improved significantly during the study period. There were seven cases of skin or subcutaneous tissue complications, including edema and erythema, but there were no suspected serious adverse events. Conclusions Face lifting using a nonabsorbable mesh can improve nasolabial folds without serious adverse effects. Thus, this technique is safe and effective for midface rejuvenation.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.279-291
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate appropriate weight for aged farmers in manually handling livestock feed in bags using ergonomic methods. Background: In the livestock industry in South Korea, despite the trend of aging of labor manpower, heavy items are still manually handled in many farms. In particular, among stockbreeding works, the handling of feed in bags weighing 25~30kg is reported as a cause of frequent injuries and musculoskeletal system diseases. However, studies on the standard for recommended weight allowed considering the physical characteristics of aged farmers older than 60 years with greatly decreased physical strength and muscle strength are insufficient. Method: To evaluate appropriate weight for handling of heavy livestock feed in bags, physical techniques for measuring recognized levels of physical work loads, the NLE (NIOSH lifting equation) a method that is an observation type technique, and an ergonomic modeling technique to predict compressive force imposed on L5/S1 were used. Subjects who participated in the experiment were organized into two groups of males/females with mean age exceeding 60 years, and lifting tasks were evaluated for nine weight levels. Results: Based on the results of psychophysical measurement, females showed a tendency of more drastic increases compared to males when weight was over 19kg. The results of estimation of regression models for the weight, 18.0 kg ($r^2=0.97$) and 15.3kg ($r^2=0.97$) were evaluated as stable load for males and females, respectively. In addition, both the observation type evaluation and ergonomic model evaluation showed stable loads in a range of 15~18kg. Conclusion: Given the results of the study, the weight of the feed in bags currently distributed to farms can become a cause of not only overexertion but also farm work related disasters such as musculoskeletal disorders and safety accidents. Providing livestock feed in bags weighing not more than 19kg for aged farmers is judged desirable, and managerial improvement for this matter is considered necessary. Application: The results of the present study can be utilized as useful data for institutional improvement of the weight of livestock feed in bags.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2023

An oroantral fistula (OAF) or oroantral communication (OAC) is an opening between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. If left untreated, these openings may cause chronic maxillary sinusitis. Although small defects (diameter <5 mm) may close spontaneously, larger communications require surgical intervention. Various studies have been conducted on OAC closure using a platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane; most of these prior studies have involved simple direct application of PRF clots. This study introduces a new "double-barrier technique" using PRF for closure of an OAF involving sinus mucosal lifting and closure. The PRF material is inserted into the prepared maxillary sinus space, and the buccal advancement flap covers the oral side. This technique was successfully used to treat two patients with chronic OAF in the posterior maxillary region after implant removal or tooth extraction. The use of a PRF membrane in a double-barrier technique may have advantages in soft-tissue healing and could enable easy closure of chronic OAF with minimal trauma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2015

In order to verify the lift enhancement of the 2D hydrofoil with trailing edge rotor and check the ability of its practical use, experimental studies were conducted in the caviation tunnel using the test model with NACA0020 section. The three-component forces acting on the model could be measured by exclusively designed sting type multi-component load cell. The trailing edge of the model has been replaced with rotor which could be controlled by DC servo motor installed at the exterior of the tunnel. A typical effect of the trailing edge rotor has been introduced among the systematic experiments on various angular deviation of the model and the rotational velocity of the trailing edge rotor. It is appeared that the circulation control effect could be easily adjusted by selecting the rotational velocity of the trailing edge rotor and the lift force was augmented more than two times. Thus the proposed lifting device could be utilized as a novel high lifting device which has adjustability of lift force.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

The upper and lower lateral cartilages provide the key to the lower cartilaginous portion of the nose. Lifting the cartilages is essential procedure for correction of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. After correction of cleft lip nose deformity, authors used acoustic rhinometry (AR) to compare the lower nasal cavity of cleft side with non-cleft side. AR is a well known new, non-invasive diagnostic technique in which nasal geometry is assessed by means of acoustic reflection. From June 1996 to January 2004, we performed acoustic rhinometric analysis after correction of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. This study involved 40 children of age ranged from 3 months to 8 years. Subjects were divided into the group of incomplete unilateral cleft lip nose deformity(20 subjects), and the group of complete unilateral cleft lip nose deformity(20 subjects). Results show that lower nasal cavity volume between non-cleft side and cleft side has no difference, and better results were obtained when nasal molding prong was applied at cleft side nostril. The results between incomplete type and complete type have no significant difference. In conclusion, AR is an effective method to calibrate cross sectional area and nasal cavity volume of unilateral cleft lip nose deformity, and furthermore effective in comparing the volume of cleft side with non-cleft side after unilateral cleft lip nose deformity correction with lifting the lower lateral cartilages to the upper lateral cartilages.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) applied to the unilateral upper extremity on the muscle activation of contralateral lower extremity. Twenty-two healthy subjects (mean age of 23.7 years) participated in this study. Method : PNF patterns applied on the unilateral upper extremity in all subjects were the flexion/abduction/external rotation and lifting pattern. The hold and appoximation techniques for the irradiation were applied to end range of both patterns. Muscle activations in four patterns were measured in vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and gastrocnemius medial muscles of contralateral lower extremity using surface EMG system. Each EMG value in individual muscle was normalized for maximal voluntary contraction. The data were analyzed by one factor analysis of variance with repeated measure test. Result : There were significant differences in the between-subject effect (muscles) and within-subject effect (patterns) in comparison of muscle activation by application of PNF patterns (p<.05). The irradiation led to higher activation in the flexion/abduction/external rotation pattern than that of lifting pattern in all muscles (p<.05). The approximation techniques revealed more activations than these of hold technique in all muscles (p<.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that the application of PNF patterns to the unilateral upper extremity affect on the muscle activation of contralateral lower extremity and increase according to the intensity of resistance. This mechanism of contralateral effect might provide a help to the development of treatment method for the affected side and functional improvement for the patients who have damages of central nervous system or musculoskeletal problems by orthopedic injury.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2013

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare one-hand and two-hands lowering activity in terms of biomechanical stress for the range of lowering heights from knuckle height to 10cm above floor level. Background: Even though two-hands lifting/lowering activity of manual materials handling tasks are prevalent at the industrial site, many manual materials handling tasks which require the worker to perform one-hand lifting/lowering are also very common at the industrial site and forestry and farming. Method: Eight male subjects were asked to perform lowering tasks using both a one-handed as well as a two-handed lowering technique. Trunk muscle electromyographic activity was recorded while the subjects performed the lowering tasks. This information was used as input to an EMG-assisted free-dynamic biomechanical model that predicted spinal loading in three dimensions. Results: It was shown that for the left-hand lowering tasks, the values of moment, lateral shear force, A-P shear force, and compressive force were increased by the average 6%, as the workload was increased twice from 7.5kg to 15kg. For the right-hand lowering task, these were increased by the average 17%. For the two-hands lowering tasks, these were increased by the average 14%. Conclusion: Even though the effect of workload on the biomechanical stress for both one-hand and two-hands lowering tasks is not so significant for the workload less than 15kg, it can be claimed that the biomechanical stress for one-hand lowering is greater than for two-hands lowering tasks. Therefore, it can be concluded that asymmetrical lowering posture would give greater influence on the biomechanical stress than the workload effect for one-hand lowering activity. Application: The result of this study may be used to provide guidelines of recommended safe weights for tasks involved in one-hand lowering activity.