• 제목/요약/키워드: life-and-death problem

검색결과 97건 처리시간 0.027초

바둑에서의 사활문제 해결을 위한 외곽선 추적 (Contour Tracing to Solve Life-and-Death Problem in Go)

  • 이병두
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.91-100
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    • 2020
  • 바둑에서의 사활문제는 컴퓨터바둑을 구현하기 위해 극복되어야 하는 기본적인 문제이다. 그것을 해결하기 위한 중요 고려 사항은 흑백 대국자 간에 누가 둘러싸고 있고 또는 둘러싸여 있는지를 파악하는 것이다. 흑백 그룹간의 경계선을 알아내기 위해 세력함수와 외곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 여러 외곽선 추적 알고리즘 중에서 무어의 이웃 추적을 적용하면 경계선을 생성할 수 있음을 알아냈으며, 아울러 게임트리의 탐색공간을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있는 가능성을 제시했다.

코호넨 신경망을 이용 바둑 사활문제를 풀기 위한 후보 첫 수들 (Candidate First Moves for Solving Life-and-Death Problems in the Game of Go, using Kohonen Neural Network)

  • 이병두;금영욱
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.105-114
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    • 2009
  • 바둑에 있어 사활문제는 컴퓨터 바둑을 구현하기 위해 반드시 극복해야 하는 기본적인 문제이다. 사활문제와 같은 국부적인 바둑 문제를 해결하기 위하여 고려해야 될 중요한 사항은 게임 트리의 엄청난 분기수와 그 깊이를 어떻게 처리하느냐이다. 본 논문에서 수행된 실험의 기본 착상은 둘러싸인 돌들을 죽이기 위해 인식된 첫 수들을 찾아내는 인간의 습성을 모방한 것이다. 바둑에 있어, 유사한 사활문제(패턴)들은 자주 유사한 해들을 갖는다. 유사한 패턴을 분류 하기 위하여 코호넨 신경망(KNN)을 기반으로 한 군집화를 수행하였으며, 실험 결과는 고무적이며 사활문제를 풀기 위해 신경망으로 통제 학습을 사용하는 패턴 일치와 경쟁할 수 있음을 알아냈다.

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중등 가정교과에서의 실천적 문제 중심 죽음준비교육 방안 (Death preparation education plan based on practical problem in middle and high school Home Economics curriculum)

  • 김샛별;채정현
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.89-114
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    • 2019
  • 죽음준비교육은 단순히 미래의 죽음을 준비하는 것만이 아니라 더 행복하고 의미있는 삶을 위한 교육이다. 죽음은 인간이라면 누구나 직면하는 항구적 문제이며 개인의 가치관과 자신이 속한 사회에 따른 맥락적인 실천적 문제라는 점에서 가정 교과와의 연결고리를 찾을 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 중·고등학교 가정교과에서 적용할 수 있는 실천적 문제 중심의 죽음준비교육 프로그램을 ADDE모형에 따라서 개발하는데 있다. 연구결과 '나와 가족의 행복한 삶을 위한 죽음준비교육' 프로그램이 개발되었으며, 프로그램은 12가지의 실천적 문제와 중·고등학교 학교 현장에서 활용할 수 있는 죽음준비교육 교수·학습 과정안을 포함하고 있다. 가정과 죽음준비교육 프로그램이 가정과 수업에서 청소년이 죽음을 자신의 삶에 자연스럽게 받아들여 가치 있는 죽음을 위한 의미 있는 일상의 삶을 실천하게 하는 교육 자료로 활용되길 기대한다. 후속 연구로 가정교과에서의 죽음준비교육에 대한 학생들의 요구도 조사와 현장에서 교수·학습 과정안을 실행하여 효과를 검증하는 연구를 제언하는 바이다.

재고해 보는 근사 체험(Near-Death Experience)과 그 종교적 의미 (On Religious Significance of the Near-Death Experience)

  • 최준식
    • 대순사상논총
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    • 제19권
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    • pp.213-250
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    • 2005
  • Until 1970's, mankind have not had definite perspectives on what life after the death was like, which is one of the most important problems for them. Their concepts of the 'life and death problem' has been distorted by the dogmas of the established religions such as Buddhism or Christianity on heaven and hell. But the mankind came to have wholly different views on the life after death thanks to the studies by Raymond Moody Jr. or Elizabeth Quebler-Ross in the mid-1970's. This is the studies on the so-called 'near-death experience(NDE)' which made humankind be able to have scientific approach to the life after death for the first time in their history. What attracts our attention at this point is, however, that the arguements of the NDErs on humman destiny accurately coincide with those of the established religions. In the NDE, most of the experiencers have an encounter with the personal being, symbolized by the Light, through whom they learnt that the devotion(or love) to the neighborhood and the gain of the wisdom are the sole meaning of life. With this result, we can recognize why essential virtues maintained by the established religions until now such as ultimate compassion, unconditional love, forgiveness, or insightful learning are so significant, and that our studies of the NDE are very important in this respect.

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우리나라 자료에 적합한 생명표 작성방법에 대한 연구 (A Method for Construction of Life Table in Korea)

  • 박유성;김성용
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.769-789
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    • 2011
  • 생명표는 특정 집단의 사망 경험(mortality expereience)을 반영하여 각 연령에서의 기대여명을 추정하는 통계적 모형이다. 사망 경험은 사망확률(death probability)을 통해 반영되는데, 사망확률을 추정하기 위해서는 세 가지 사항이 고려되어야 한다. 첫째는 사망률(death rate)로부터 사망확률을 추정하는 방법의 선택이며, 둘째는 사망확률의 불규칙성을 해결하기 위한 평활 방법, 셋째는 초고령 자료의 신뢰성 문제를 해결하기 위한 사망확률 추정 및 확장 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 사망확률 추정방법의 선택을 위해 Chiang 방법, 상수방법, Greville 방법, Reed and Merrell 방법 및 Keyfitz and Frauenthal 방법을 비교하며, 평활 방법으로는 Beers 방법, Greville 방법 및 이동평균 방법을 비교하도록 한다. 또한 초고령에서 사망확률 추정 및 확장을 위해 총 12가지 수학적 함수를 비교한다. 본 논문에서는 각 방법들을 비교함으로써 우리나라에 적합한 생명표 작성 방법을 제시하고, 이를 이용하여 2005년부터 2009년까지의 생명표를 작성하도록 한다. 또한 기간별 성별 기대여명의 역전현상(cross-over)현상을 해결하기 위한 방법을 제시한다.

대학생의 죽음에 대한 주관성 연구 (Subjectivity toward Death among College Students)

  • 김명애;김선화
    • 한국간호교육학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to classify the subjectivity type toward death among college students and to understand the characteristics of attitudes and orientations toward death of each type. Since attitudes and orientations toward death is very subjective and unique, Q-methodology was employed in this study. Q-methodology explains the respondent's subjectivity by objectifying his subjectivity for himself. The P-sample consisted of 63 students of K university in D city. Forty statements concerning attitudes and orientations toward death, which developed by Yeun(1999) were utilized for Q-sample. Forty Q-statements were sorted according to the level of agreement or disagreement by forced normal distribution. The Q-sorts by each subjects were coded and analysed with the PC-QUANL program. Five types of subjectivity toward death were identified and labeled. Type 1 'the death- preparation' think frequently about his own death and talk openly about the problem of death with a positive attitude. Type 2 'the life-esteemed' respect the dignity of life most of all. Type 3 'the realty-oriented' do not believe the afterlife and is very concerned about the present life itself instead of thinking about death. Type 4 'the ambivalent' think importantly the aspect of present life and orient the afterlife at the same time. This type reveals opposite attitude of preparing and scaring the death at the same time. Type 5 'the destiny-recipient' attribute death to the destiny and deny suicide. On the basis of this result, the studies about applying and developing educational program on death and hospice care for nurses who care terminal cancer patients and families are needed.

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몬테카를로 방법과 점 패턴 매칭을 활용한 바둑에서의 사활문제 해결을 위한 원형 안형의 분류 (Prototypical Eye Shape Classification to Solve Life-and-Death Problem in Go, using Monte-Carlo Method and Point Pattern Matching)

  • 이병두
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2021
  • 바둑은 2,500년 이상의 역사를 지녔고, 바둑에서의 사활문제는 컴퓨터 바둑을 구축 시에 반드시 해결해야 되는 기본 문제영역이 된다. 본 논문에서는 사활문제와 직결되는 3, 4, 5, 6궁에 대한 원형 안형의 개수 확인과 4-튜플 형식으로 표현된 원형 안형을 분류하고자 했다. 실험은 몬테카를로 방법과 점 패턴 매칭에 의해 수행되었다. 실험 결과에 따르면 원형 안형의 개수는 3궁 2개, 4궁 5개, 5궁 12개, 6궁 35개가 된다. 아울러 4-튜플 형식으로 된 원형 안형을 분류하면 3궁 1가지, 4궁 3가지, 5궁 4가지, 6궁 8가지로 분류된다.

호스피스와 종교적 죽음이해

  • 신민선;김문수
    • 호스피스학술지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2006
  • There are various understandings how to define death. In the context of medicine, death is defined as the irreversible change of the tissue according to the cessation of circulation and respiration. According to the psychologists, a person need to accept the finiteness as a human being and remain conscious that the death is not avoidable. And they say if a person doesn't regard death as unavoidable reality of life he or she will not confront the humanistic death and after all will die like animals. In philosophy, death is viewed as an unwelcome reality in the end of the journey of life. Sociologists usually understand that the society is the organization composed with living persons and human beings which construct and transmit the culture from generation to generation between the both ends of life and death. In society, the generation is changed, maintained, and developed through the phenomenon of death. Although death of human being is natural event in society, the death of a specific person brings a sense of loss, crisis, and anxiety to the communities like family, regional society, nation, and the world. In this context, death is not confined to personal dimension and it can be regarded as a social problem. It is valuable to summarize the religious perspectives on the meaning of death for the better hospice care. In shamanism, there are basic idea that although the flesh of human being disappears, soul never die. If human dies, the flesh of human being disappears but soul never disappear and come back to the origin of soul as it is called chaos. So in shamanism, it is said that shaman can solve the mortified feeling, restore the broken harmony, send the soul to comfortable space- the origin, and guarantee the blessing of descendents. Buddhists regard the death as an essential component through the cycles of life. Through this cycle, human being exits as an endlessly transmigrating being and the death is just a restoration to the original status. In Confucianism, the view on the death based on the philosophy of the "Yin and Yang" and "Five elements". In Buddhist tradition, many believers said the philosophy of "Death is the same as life". Unlike usual thoughts that a god governs "life and death" and "fortune and misfortune", Confucianists deny the governance of a god and emphasize the natural orders in which every phenomenon in the world moves according to the principle. Confucianists understand the death as a natural order with this principle. In Confucianists' belief, the essence of human being remains in their own descendent's lives after the death of ancestor, so in Confucianism there is no concept of immortality of the soul. In the history of Christianity, death has been defined generally as the separation of the immortal soul from the mortal body. In the earlier days of Old Testament, the death is regarded as a disappearance of just a flesh and human never disappear and always live in the relationship with God. Later days in Old Testament, we can find the growing concern for the life after the death because of the entrance of the theodicy. In the New Testament, the death is not regarded as the normal process of the human life and regarded as the abnormal status in which death come to human because of sin as a decisive factor and it should be conquered. In fact, the most of us afraid death because not of the fear of death itself but of the sense of the emptiness and regrets. so many people often make the monument hoping to live forever. But Christian usually regard this behavior as a sinful act because human being usually think themselves as a master of their life and attempt to become immortal in this kind of trial mortal. But if we live with God, we cannot confront such a condition because we aware limits as a mortal human being and entrust everything on Him and want to live according to His guidance. Therefore, in the Christian tradition, the death is regarded as accomplishment of life, fruits of life, invitation to the eternal life, and the last stage of human growth. For human being, the death is the great step of maturation as a human in the final stage of life.

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응급구조학과 학생의 생활스트레스에 따른 죽음인식태도와 생명윤리의식과의 상관관계에 관한 연구 (Correlation between death attitude and life ethics, according to the perception of life stress among paramedic department students)

  • 김승희;김정선;이효철;고대식;이미림;강광순;김철태
    • 한국응급구조학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.103-115
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This descriptive study investigated the relationship between death awareness and life ethics awareness, according to life stress, among students in the department of paramedics. Methods: General characteristics were identified using means and frequency, and the differences between the two military models were analyzed using the χ2-test and t-test by dividing them into lower and higher groups based on the mean life stress score (99.76 points). Results: Those with high life stress had higher death awareness than those with low life stress at 114.11 points. In contrast, those with low life ethics experienced more severe life stress with a score of 145.61 points (t=-2.609, p=.010)(t=-2.953, p=.003). The death recognition attitude and bioethics according to the degree of living stress-showed a significant correlation between the low and high groups (r=.188, p=.043) (r=.201, p=.042). Conclusion: Paramedic students require education on how to cope with life stress. However, access to education is limited to people living in modern times. As a potential solution to this problem, observing videos on the Internet is recommended. Moreover, we suggest accessing Internet and smart phone applications for advertising/educational purposes.

방문간호사의 생애말기 환자 간호사례: 오마하시스템을 활용하여 (End of life Nursing Care Through a Visiting Nurse in Long-Term Care Insurance: A Case Report using the OMAHA System)

  • 송연이;박은진
    • 한국농촌간호학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.60-68
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This case report was attempted to present the process of the end of life nursing care provided by the visiting nurse. Methods: The subject was a person who was decided the long-term care Grade 1 and received a visiting nursing service, and the service was terminated on the death, and then was selected as a case with the consent of his family. The data were collected through long-term care benefit provision records and interviews with the visiting nurse. The nursing process was presented by applying the Omaha System. Results: The subject had digestion-hydration problems and respiration problems in the physiological domain, and the problems of role change, caretaking/parenting, spirituality, and grief in the psychosocial domain were identified. Depending on the problem, the end of life nursing care was provided to the subject and family members through activities on physical symptoms/signs, dietary management, end-life care, and coping skills. Conclusion: We expect that if the visiting nurse provides anticipatory guidance on the death process, the subject will be able to prepare for death comfortably with the family at home instead of vague fear of death.