• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.133-140
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• 2015

C-ITS is a system that uses bidirectional communication between two vehicles or infrastructures to control traffic more conveniently, and safely. If C-ITS security is not properly prepared, it can cause traffic congestions and fatal traffic accidents, and therefore can affect greatly on the driver's life. This paper proposes the prevention and response mechanisms based on the cyber attack scenarios that can be used to attack C-ITS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2024

This study analyzed cases of hydrogen (H₂) and natural gas (CH₄) leakage from a hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline to determine a range of leakage characteristics, including leakage type, pipe material, pipe diameter, pressure, and damage size. Based on the results of this analysis, five hydrogen-blended natural gas leakage scenarios were selected. The national vision for a carbon-neutral society by 2050 is a very important strategic objective and promotes environmentally sustainable economic development in the age of the climate crisis. Accordingly, zero-carbon and low-carbon policies are being promoted in various fields, including energy production, consumption, and industrial processes. Hydrogen-blended natural gas is eco-friendly and is considered an important step towards carbon neutrality, with various countries including the United States and several European countries conducting empirical research to further investigate its potential. In Korea, a national research project commenced in April 2023 to verify and demonstrate the life cycle safety of blending hydrogen into the natural gas network. The results of this study will provide important data for the analysis of the damage impacts caused by the leakage of hydrogen-blended natural gas, such as the diffusion of gas clouds, fires, and gas explosions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2002

Research to discuss the fire performance of materials requires tools for measuring their burning characteristics and validated fire growth models to predict fire behavior of the materials under specific tire scenarios using the measured properties as input for the models. In this study, burning characteristics such as time to ignition, weight loss rate, flame spread, heat release rate, total heat evolved, and effective heat of combustion for four types of wood-based materials were evaluated using the cone calorimeter and inclined panel tests. Time to ignition was affected by not only surface condition and specific gravity of the tested materials but also the type and magnitude of heat source. Results of weight loss rate, measured by inclined panel tests, indicated that heat transfer from the contacted flame used as the heat source into the inner part of the specimen was inversely proportional to specific gravity of material. Flame spread was closely related with ignition time at the near part of burning zone. Under constant and severe external heat flux, there was little difference in weight loss rate and total heat evolved between four types of wood-based panels. More applied heat flux caused by longer ignition time induced a higher first peak value of heat release rate. Burning characteristics data measured in this study can be used effectively as input for fire growth models to predict the fire behavior of materials under specific fire scenarios.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.975-983
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• 2022

This paper presents an innovative way of integrating scheduling and project controls with the environmental impact of a construction project to track, monitor, and manage environmental emissions at the activity level. As a starting point, scheduling and project controls help monitor the status of a project to provide an assessment of the duration and sequence of activities. Additionally, project schedules can also reflect resource allocation and costs associated with various phases of a construction project. Owners, contractors and construction managers closely monitor tasks or activities on the critical path(s) and/or longest path(s) calculated through network based scheduling techniques. However, existing industry practices do not take into account environmental impact associated with each activity during the life cycle of a project. Although the environmental impact of a project may be tracked in various ways, that tracking is not tied to the project schedule and, as such, generally is not updated when schedules are revised. In this research, a Cradle to Gate approach is used to estimate environmental emissions associated with each activity of a sample project schedule. The research group has also investigated the potential determination of scenarios of lowest environmental emissions, just as project managers currently determine scenarios with lowest cost or time. This methodology can be scaled up for future work to develop a library of unit emissions associated with commonly used construction materials and equipment. This will be helpful for project owners, contractors, and construction managers to monitor, manage, and reduce the carbon footprint associated with various projects.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.655-671
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• 2021

This study analyzes the premium risk of insurers in Korea, which is expected to experience the fastest population aging in the world. Based on the Lee-Carter model, we generate 10,000 scenarios for the number of future survivors in the group of the 10,000 policyholders of life annuity. According to the result of simulation study, the probability of insurer's loss for both groups of male and female policyholders is very low. This result indicates that the premium risk of insurers is not as great as the insurer's concern. This study also suggests introduction of the longevity swap as an alternative to manage the premium risk for the insurer which sells life annuity products. The longevity swap allows insurers to hedge premium risk and reduce capital burden due to the premium risk inherent in life annuity. This study also shows through examples that the counterparty of swap deal may have excess profit in exchange for taking premium risk.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.562-569
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• 2018

Recently, human errors have very rarely occurred during power generation at nuclear power plants. For this reason, many countries are conducting research on smart support systems of nuclear power plants. Smart support systems can help with operator decisions in severe accident occurrences. In this study, a smart support system was developed by integrating accident prediction functions from previous research and enhancing their prediction capability. Through this system, operators can predict accident scenarios, accident locations, and accident information in advance. In addition, it is possible to decide on the integrity of instruments and predict the life of instruments. The data were obtained using Modular Accident Analysis Program code to simulate severe accident scenarios for the Optimized Power Reactor 1000. The prediction of the accident scenario, accident location, and accident information was conducted using artificial intelligence methods.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.4 s.57
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

As ubiquitous technology(uT) is offered in the future space, human will find their life more convenient and prosperous, and the space efficiency will be improved with virtual displays within a limited space. In an living space with ubiquitous environments, all information of family members will be an essential source creating advanced future spaces both for users and for those maintaining the space. In recent studies of uT environment, development of scenario is mostly being carried out based on user and service. It is unsatisfactory, however, when it comes to the study of how these studies can be developed on the basis of architectural space. In this paper, we study about applying scenarios created through space analysis to suggest ways to predict the analysis of the relationship between digital devices/services and the building elements based on physical space with uT and to offer services smoothly to uT environment, intelligent devices and their users.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.397-397
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• 2019

With the consequences of climate change becoming more evident, research on climate-associated risks has become a basis for climate adaptation and mitigation. Amongst the different sectors and natural resources considered in assessing such risks, drought is one impact to our environment that experiences stress from climate change but is often overlooked and has the potential to bring severe consequences when drought occurs. For example, when temperatures are higher, water demand increases and water supply decreases; when precipitation patterns fluctuate immensely, floods and droughts occur more frequently at greater magnitudes, putting stress on ecosystems. Hence, it is important for us to evaluate drought risk to observe how different climate change and socioeconomic scenarios can affect this vital life resource. In this study, we review the context of drought risk on the basis of climate change impacts and socioeconomic indicators. As underlined in the IPCC AR5 report, the risks are identified by understanding the vulnerability, exposure, and hazards of drought. This study analyzed drought risk on a global scale with different RCP scenarios projected until the year 2099 with a focus on the variables population, precipitation, water resources, and temperature.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2021

Internet of Things is an infrastructure of the interconnected devices. In Internet of Things environment, many smart devices are used in daily life. It requires a new retrieval method using multiple devices. We propose an information retrieval method using both device characteristics and device usage characteristics in multi-device environments. Firstly, information retrieval is performed using a general purpose device. And then, it is performed using dedicated devices. Our method uses both characteristics of the devices and usage characteristics of them. Moreover, it considers queries on the general purpose device. This paper proposes a new retrieval method and describes algorithms. Then, it presents smart home scenarios. Performance evaluation is performed using the scenarios. The evaluation results show higher precision and efficiency than previous researches. The proposed method gets information more accurately and quickly in IOT multiple device environments.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2021

In this study, basic strategies for the decommissioning and site remediation of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) were investigated. Six scenarios were formulated based on two of the three decommissioning strategies of nuclear power plants defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): immediate dismantling and deferred dismantling. A multicriteria decision analysis was performed to analyze the preferences of the options from the viewpoints of the timeframe to complete decommissioning, the resulting waste, the site usability, and the availability of the radioactive waste disposal route. The same six scenarios were applied to both the FDNPS and the nuclear power plants that ceased operation after a normal plant life cycle for comparison. For the FDNPS, the decommissioning project involved fuel debris retrieval, dismantling, and site remediation. The analysis results suggest that the balance between the amount of waste and the time to achieve the end state may be one of the most critical factors to consider when planning the decommissioning and site remediation of the FDNPS.