• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.277-282
• /
• 2022

Lung transplantation is a life-saving procedure in patients with end-stage lung disease. However, it inherently depends on the availability of donor organs. The selection of suitable lungs for transplantation, management of donors to minimize further injury and improve organ function, and safe procurement remain critical for successful transplantation. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of donor selection, management, and lung procurement.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.49
• /
• pp.161-185
• /
• 2012

This thesis reorganized the life of Mrs. Yun who was a noble woman in the middle of the Joseon period with main material of Seopo, Kim, Man Joong(1637-1692)'s "Seonbijungkyungbuinhaengjang(先?貞敬夫人行狀)" and considered yeosa(女師)'s image of noble woman embodied by her son. Although women who were remarkable in premodern period nurtured their son well and they became excellent, it's easy that the life of their mother can be hidden by sons' shadow. Luckily, materials of Mrs. Yun were kept by her descendants, so people could analogize how she could endure difficulties and how she educate her children. In a word, the life of Mrs. Yun can be yeosa(女師)'s life. She was born as a only daughter of the best ancestry in the period and grown to be a considerable woman with strong will and discipline under the strict training of her grandmother, Junghye Ongju. And then, she married Gwangsan Kimmun, the best literature house of Joseon period, but her husband, Kim, Ik Kyum was died by unexampled difficulty, Byungjahoran. During the tribulation, Mrs. Yun was in charge of not only parents supporting but also two sons' education excellently. She educated not only her children but also grandchildren and nephews around her, so she had extraordinary passion and sincerity for the education. As the result, she enjoyed a glory that two sons and grandchildren became on daejehak. Mrs. Yun was living with thrift and saving continuously regardless of her circumstances. When her granddaughter became inkyungwanghoo who is a wife of sookjong, she didn't kick her common habit and trained strictly the mind of family members who could be easily in disorder. In spite of the richness, he obeyed manners and showed thrift and saving continuously and thoroughly. When there was a crisis in her family, the first son, Kim, Man Ki was died and the second son, Kim, Man Joong and grandson went into exile during the continuous political upheaval. But, she supported her house, obeyed the rules and promised the future. At that time, she continuously encouraged grandchildren and the eldest grandsons of the head family to study without any stop for themselves in spite of the difficulties. Mrs. Yun pursued truly valuable life. She considered that the life which didn't get praised by other people wasn't valid although he or she lived a pleasant life in luck and richness. Mrs. Yun was a true teacher yeosa (女師) who placed a true value on the life enduring hardship and poorness without fear and becoming an example of other people.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.44 no.11
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2007

Generally, PLC (Power Line Communication) based home automation devices such as wall switch, walt socket, gas controller, etc, must maintain wake-up status at all time to control other electronic devices and monitor their on/off status whether they are in service or not. In order to reduce the unnecessary energy consumption during the standby mode, the new power-saving PLC 2 ports wall switch has been developed, separating PLC communication part and controller part and introducing sleep mode. In addition, to expand life cycle of PLC product and to reduce the rate of product failure in active mode, the instant controlling method in controlling process is adopted instead of the maintenance controlling method. In comparison to the earlier model, the new 2 ports PLC wall switch has reduced power by 0.95[W] less in standby mode and 3.2[W] less in active mode than the previous one.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.141-160
• /
• 2009

Recently, some policies for reducing standby power, which has quite an effect on electricity consumption, have been employed all over the world. This study surveys the present condition of standby power for major electric home appliances during three years and analyzes the result of technical development reducing standby power. It presents how the industry paid attention to applying the technique of reducing standby power to electric appliances and how it affects the product's energy efficiency. We survey the standby power's change for six items, which were selected from the major electric appliances available on the market. It analyzes the difference of standby power consumption between appliances with a standby power reducing technique and those without during the latest three years. The amount of the average standby power is also compared. The comparison data confirms that the industry's effort and application of reducing standby power contribution has contributed to increasing an appliance's energy efficiency. This study restricted the analyzed items to six appliances, which has been a low volunteered involvement in the standby power reducing program. It is important for reducing standby power consumption of appliances because it contributes to saving electric energy at home and abroad. The development of the standby power reducing technique is needed for more appliances. Along with the development of the standby power reducing technique in the industrial field, it also necessary for consumers to enlarge their understanding of standby power reduction for economic, social, and environmental values.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.4B
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 2009

IEEE 802.16e standard defines different Sleep Mode Operations according to kind of services which aims at saving energy for MS efficiently. The previous study of Sleep Mode Operation is limited for single service environment, real sleep interval is decreased because different Sleep Mode Operations are applied at once when MS is on multi service. The proposed Enhanced Sleep Mode Operation increasing real sleep interval of this paper guarantees QoS(Quality of Services) which is same as standard, minimizes energy consumption when different Sleep Mode Operations are applied at once. Therefore Enhanced Sleep Mode Operation of this paper will be useful in case of increase battery life time as well as guaranteeing QoS for MS in IEEE 802.16 system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2014

The life-time and performance of a wireless sensor network is closely related to energy-efficiency of sensor nodes. In this paper, to increase energy-efficiency, each sensor node operates in one of three operational modes which are normal, power-saving, and inactive. In normal mode sensor nodes sense and transmit data with normal period, whereas sensor nodes in power-saving mode have three-times longer period. In inactive mode, sensor nodes do not sense and transmit any data, which makes the energy consumption to be minimized. Plus, the proposed algorithm can avoid unnecessary energy consumption by preventing transmitting duplicate sensed data. We implemented and simulated the proposed algorithm using Tiny OS based ZigbeX platfom and NS-2, respectively. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm can prolong sensor networks' lifespan by efficiently reducing energy consumption and its standard deviation of all sensor nodes.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2013

As household energy consumption has increased, serious environmental problems, such as resource depletion and global warming, are becoming global issues. It is essential to conduct the energy use of residents living in apartments in order to come up with alternative solutions for energy savings. Therefore, this study examined the energy use awareness of apartment residents and their energy use behavior by various types of awareness. To understand their energy use behavior according to the awareness of the subjects, the energy awareness dimension was created with five factors and they were subject to a cluster analysis; then, the subjects were categorized into three groups. Finally, the difference of energy use behavior was examined by groups of energy awareness. G1 represents the group that is indifferent to energy savings and believes that convenience is an important factor. Also, with respect to energy use behavior, this group tends to pursue convenience. G2 is the group that is conscious of energy use costs thereby enduring some inconvenience, and shows savings behavior in daily life and household affairs. Although, G3 is very aware of the significance for the necessity of energy saving, their energy saving behavior is relatively negative. Regarding these different characteristics of each resident group in their energy saving awareness and behaviors, diverse methods and promotion in energy education are required. Furthermore, an effective energy policy should be established based on the understanding of energy consumption.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine adolescent consumers' donation intention. To attain the goal, a survey was conducted to middle and high school students and undergraduates at the age of 25 or younger residing in Seoul and the capital area from June 1st to the 25th in 2015. A total of 450 questionnaire sheets were used for final analysis. This study investigated adolescent consumers' donation attitude and donation intention levels and also the effects of related variables on their donation intention with the mediation of their donation attitude. The implications of this study for consumer education and policy will be meaningfully used to increase their donation behavior afterwards. According to the major findings of this study, first, adolescent consumers' donation attitude was relatively positive, and their donation intention was relatively lower than their donation attitude. Second, comparing the total causal effects of variables on donation intention, interest in donation was found to the biggest, and the next were subjective norms, mother's participation in the donation experience (yes), personal citizenship, donation attitude, male students, the subjective level of financial status, face-saving behavior, and undergraduates in order.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.5-32
• /
• 2015

Last year, a disastrous accident happened on the sea. Car ferry Se-wol which was on its way from In-cheon to Je-ju sank in the middle of the western sea. 304 passengers were drowned at the sea in the accident. There were no passengers who were waiting on board ship rescued in the accident. This study is to review the pattern of decision making in the middle of saving a life, right after Se-wol was about to sink. The starting point of this study is decision making on the rescue by rescue corps with no expert knowledge at the initial stage. When it comes to saving victims, there was no expert on rescue on the sea. Failure in rescue at Se-wol disaster lets us find a vicious circle of positive feedback loop. Experts with no experience act like well-qualified persons. Unqualified persons(leaders) have no expertise. Those who pretend to be expert occupy the important post in the hierarchy. It means we could not accumulate expertise of know-how in rescue division. That's why a vicious circle of positive feedback is formed in areas of disasters. It is necessary to train experts in Government Organizations to weaken the vicious circle of positive feedback.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
• /
• 2001.01a
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 2001

This paper introduces a method of constructing expert systems in an integrated environment for automatic software design. This integrated environment may be applicable from top-level system architecture design, data flow diagram design down to flow chart and coding. The system is integrated with three CASE tools, FSD (Functional Structure Diagram), DFD (Data Flow Diagram) and structured chart PAD (Problem Analysis Diagram), and respective expert systems with automatic design capability by reusing past design. The construction way of these expert systems is based on systematic acquisition of design knowledge stemmed from a systematic design work process of well-matured developers. The design knowledge is automatically acquired from respective documents and stored in the respective knowledge bases. By reusing it, a similar software system may be designed automatically. In order to develop these expert systems in a short period, these design knowledge is expressed by the unified frame structure, functions of th expert system units are partitioned mono-functions and then standardized components. As a result, the design cost of an expert system can be reduced to standard work procedures. Another feature of this paper is to introduce the integrated environment for automatic software design. This system features an essentially zero start-up cost for automatic design resulting in substantial saving of design man-hours in the resulting in substantial saving of design man-hours in the design life cycle, and the expected increase in software productivity after enough design experiences are accumulated.