• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권15호
• /
• pp.6131-6136
• /
• 2014

Objective: Epidemiology studies have reported conflicting results between glutathione S-transferase Mu-1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP1) and ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility. In this study, an updated meta-analysis was applied to determine whether the deletion of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 has an influence on OC susceptibility. Methods: A published literature search was performed through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index Expanded database for articles published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and $I^2$ statistics. Sub-group analysis was conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was employed to evaluate the respective influence of each study on the overall estimate. Results: In total, 10 published studies were included in the final analysis. The combined analysis revealed that there was no significant association between GSTM1 null genotype and OC risk (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.91-1.12). Additionally, there was no significant association between GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and OC risk (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.85-1.13). Similalry, no significant associations were found concerning the GSTP1 rs1695 locus and OC risk. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis did not show a significant increase in eligible studies with low heterogeneity. However, sensitivity analysis, publication bias and cumulative analysis demonstrated the reliability and stability of the current meta-analysis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that GSTs genetic polymorphisms may not contribute to OC susceptibility. Large epidemiological studies with the combination of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms and more specific histological subtypes of OC are needed to prove our findings.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
• /
• pp.44-44
• /
• 2003

Gene expression in five tissues of the abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) was investigated using an expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. Randomly selected clones were obtained from cDNA libraries constructed with gill (GI), digestive diverticula(DD), hepatopancreas (HP), foot/mucus (FM) and rectangular muscle (RM). Of 1,235 clonesanalyzed (288 clones for GI, DD, HP each,166 for FM, and 205 for RM), 741 (60.0%) clones in total turned out to share significant similarity with the sequences from NCBI GenBank (less than 10/sup -3/ of e-values), 423 sequences showed poor similarity (> 10/sup -3/), and 71 sequences didn't match with any sequences in GenBank. The percent unique sequence (singleton) was ranged from 56.1% (RM) to 74.7% (FM) among libraries. On the other hand, overall percent singleton was 55.3% when all the ESTs from five libraries were assembled into contigs. Analysis of the organisms represented by the best hit for each EST (e-values < 10/sup -3/) showed that 23.8% matched with mammalian entries, 24.0% with mollusks, 14.4% with insects, 11.6% with fish and 26.2% with others. The expressed patterns differed among the tissues when judged by the categorization of the sequences from each library into 10 broad functional classes. In all the libraries, the class I (no hit o. poor similarity) was the largest category with an average of 40.1%. This largest class was followed by class V (general metabolisms) in DD (21.9%), GI (14.6%) and HP (16.7%), while the 'cell structure and motility'(class VI) was the second largest class in remaining two libraries (31.2% for RM and 9.6% for FM). The class IX (cell division and proliferation) was the smallest class in all the libraries (less than 3%). This report provides the first tissue-specific lists of expressed abalone genes, which could be a fundamental basis for genomics program of abalone species.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.583-586
• /
• 2005

In this paper, millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit (MIMIC) low noise amplifier (LNA) for V-band, which is applicable to 58 GHz, we designed and fabricated. We fabricated the module using the fabricated LNA chips. The V-band MIMIC LNA was fabricated using the high performance $0.1\;{\mu}\;m$ ${\Gamma}-gate$ pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT). The MIMIC LNA was designed using active and passive device library, which is composed $0.1\;{\mu}\;m$ ${\Gamma}-gate$ PHEMT and coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology. The designed V-band MIMIC LNA was fabricated using integrated unit processes of active and passive device. Also we fabricated CPW-to-waveguide fin-line transition of WR-15 type for module. The Transmission Line was fabricated using RT Duroid 5880 substrate. The measured results of V-band MIMIC LNA and Module are shown $S_{21}$ gain of 13.1 dB and 8.3 dB at 58 GHz, respectively. The fabricated LNA chip and Module in this work show a good noise figure of 3.6 dB and 5.6 dB at 58 GHz, respectively.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 리프팅 기반 일차원 (9,7) 이산 웨이블렛 변환(Discrete Wavelet Transform, DWT) 필터에 대한 효율적인 디지트 시리얼 VLSI 구조를 제안하였다. 제안한 구조는 연산을 디지트 단위로 처리하여 하드웨어 자원 소모량을 줄이고 승산기를 단순한 쉬프트와 덧셈 연산으로 대체하여 하드웨어를 최소화하였다. 적절한 데이터 비트할당을 위하여 PSNR을 분석하였고 이에 따라 입 출력 및 내부 데이터에 대한 비트를 정하였다. recursive folding 방식의 스케줄링을 적용할 때에 피드백에 의한 데이터 레이턴시로 인한 성능저하가 되지 않도록 설계하였다. 제안된 구조는 디지트 시리얼 구조를 통해 적은 하드웨어 자원을 사용하면서 100% 하드웨어 효율을 유지할 수 있도록 설계함으로써 하드웨어 비용과 성능을 동시에 고려하였다. 제안된 구조는 VerilogHDL로 모델링 하여 검증하였고 Synopsys사의 Design Compiler로 동부하이텍 0.18um 표준 셀 라이브러리를 사용하여 합성하였으며 2 input NAND 게이트 기준 3,770개의 게이트 수와 최대 동작주파수 330MHz의 결과를 얻었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2012

이 논문에서는 $Radix-4^2$알고리즘을 사용한 저면적 FFT 구조를 제안한다. 큰 point의 FFT는 여러 개의 직렬연결 스테이지로 구성되는데, $Radix-4^2$알고리즘을 사용하면 매 2 스테이지마다 곱셈 종류의 수가 3인 스테이지가 생긴다. 이 사실을 이용하여 곱셈 연산 종류의 수가 3인 스테이지의 구현 면적을 줄이는 구조를 제안하였다. 예를 들면 4096-point FFT는 6개의 스테이지로 구성되는데 $Radix-4^2$ 알고리즘을 사용하면 3개의 스테이지가 곱셈연산 종류의 수가 3이다. 이 3개의 스테이지의 곱셈 연산 하드웨어는 CSD(Canonic Signed Digit) 계수 방식과 CSS(Common Sub-expression Sharing) 기술을 사용하여 구현면적 감소시킬 수 있었다. 제안된 방식을 사용하여 256-point FFT 구조를 설계하여 Verilog-HDL 코딩하였다. 또한 tsmc $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 라이브러리를 사용하여 합성하여 구현한 결과 $1.971mm^2$의 cell area를 얻었다. 이와 같은 합성 결과는 기존 구조와 비교하여 약 23%의 cell area 감소 효과를 보였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제36권1B호
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 2011

본 논문에선 분산 메모리 아키텍처를 사용하는 멀티프로세서 시스템에서 메시지 전달을 지원하는 하드웨어 MPI(Message Passing Interface) 유닛을 설계하였다 데이터 전송 동기화 및 데이터 전송, 완료까지의 과정을 하드웨어 MPI 유닛이 담당하여 동기화에 따른 오버헤드를 경감시켰다. 또한 동기화 메시지를 저장 관리하는 요청 큐(Request Queue), 준비 큐(Ready Queue), 예약 큐(Reserve Queue)를 내장하여 병렬적으로 입력받은 동기화 메시지를 관리하고 비순차적 종료(out of order completion)을 지원한다. BMF(Bus Functional Medel)을 제작해 제안한 구조에서의 전송 대역폭 성능을 확인한 결과 다대다 통신에서 25% 이상의 성능 향상이었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 후 HDL로 기술된 하드웨어를 Magnachip 0.18 공정 라이브러리에서 합성하였으며 프로토 타입 chip으로 제작하였다. 제안한 MPI 유닛은 전체 칩 사이즈의 1% 이하의 크기로 높은 성능 향상을 기대할 수 있어, 저비용 설계와 확장성 측면에서 임베디드 MPSoC(Multi-Processor System-on-Chip)의 전체적인 성능을 높이는데 유용하다.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2019

Objectives : This review determines the evidence of effectiveness and safety of Chuna manual therapy (CMT) for pediatric allergic rhinitis. Methods : We searched 12 electronic databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CAJ, J-STAGE, RISS, DBpia, NDSL, KISTI, KISS, and KMBASE) and two related journals up to the end of April, 2019. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CMT for the treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 1.0. Results : Twelve RCTs were eligible in our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of five studies demonstrated positive results for the using CMT for the treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis. When used in conjunction with traditional Chinese medicine, CMT treatment significantly improved total efficacy rate compared with traditional Chinese medicine alone (P<0.02, n=5). Conclusions : Based on a published meta-analysis, there is reliable evidence for the use of CMT in treating pediatric allergic rhinitis. However, it should be noted that the studies included in this systematic review were heterogeneous and were of low quality, warranting further investigation using well-designed RCTs.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)로 채택된 Rijndael 알고리즘을 구현한 암호 프로세서를 설계하였다. 암호화와 복호화를 모두 수행할 수 있으며, 128비트의 블록과 128비트의 키 길이를 지원한다. 성능과 면적 측면을 모두 고려하여 가장 효율적인 구조로 한 라운드를 구현한 후, 라운드 수만큼 반복하여 암복호화를 수행하도록 하였다. 대부분의 다른 블록 암호 알고리즘과 달리 암복호화 시 구조가 다른 Rijndael의 특성으로 인한 면적의 증가를 최소화하기 위해 ByteSub와 InvByteSub은 알고리즘을 기반으로 구현함으로써 메모리로만 구현하는 방법에 비해 비슷한 성능을 가지면서 필요한 메모리 양은 1/2로 줄였다. 이와 같이 구현한 결과, 본 논문의 Rijndael 암호 프로세서는 0.5um CMOS 공정에서 약 15,000개의 게이트, 32K-bit ROM과 1408-bit RAM으로 구성된다. 그리고 한 라운드를 한 클럭에 수행하여 암복호화 하는데 블럭 당 총 11클럭이 걸리고, 110MHz의 동작 주파수에서 1.28Gbps의 성능을 가진다. 이는 현재 발표된 논문들과 비슷한 성능을 가지면서 면적의 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 메모리 양은 절반 이상 감소하여 지금까지 발표된 논문 중 가장 우수한 면적 대 성능 비를 가지는 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.729-739
• /
• 2022

Cranioplasties are common procedures in plastic surgery. The use of tissue expansion (TE) in staged cranioplasties is less common. We present two cases of cranioplasties with TE and systematically review literature describing the use of TE in staged cranioplasties and postoperative outcomes. A systematic review was performed by querying multiple databases. Eligible articles include published case series, retrospective reviews, and systematic reviews that described use of TE for staged bony cranioplasty. Data regarding study size, patient demographics, preoperative characteristics, staged procedure characteristics, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Of 755 identified publications, 26 met inclusion criteria. 85 patients underwent a staged cranioplasty with TE. Average defect size was 122 cm², and 30.9% of patients received a previous reconstruction. Average expansion period was 14.2 weeks. The most common soft tissue closures were performed with skin expansion only (75.3%), free/pedicled flap (20.1%), and skin graft (4.7%). The mean postoperative follow-up time was 23.9 months. Overall infection and local complication rates were 3.53 and 9.41%, respectively. The most common complications were cerebrospinal fluid leak (7.1%), hematoma (7.1%), implant exposure (3.5%), and infection (3.5%). Factors associated with higher complication rates include the following: use of alloplastic calvarial implants and defects of congenital etiology (p = 0.023 and 0.035, respectively). This is the first comprehensive review to describe current practices and outcomes in staged cranioplasty with TE. Adequate soft tissue coverage contributes to successful cranioplasties and TE can play a safe and effective role in selected cases.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.201-201
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Cupping therapy (CT) has been widely used in traditional medicine worldwide for various indications, including stroke. The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinical evidence of CT for stroke. Methods: To identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effectiveness and/or safety of CT, seven databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from January 2000 to February 2021 without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software and the results were presented as mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD) for continuous variables and odds ratio (OR) for diverse variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Assessment of the methodological quality of the eligible trials was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for risk of bias in RCTs. Results: Twenty-two RCTs with 1653 participants were included in the final analysis. CT provided additional benefit in improving upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper limb motor function, MD 6.91, 95% CI 4.64 to 1.67, P<0.00001) and spasticity (response rate, OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.31 to 8.22, P=0.08) in stroke survivors receiving conventional medical treatment. These findings were supported with a moderate level of evidence. CT did not significantly increase the occurrence of adverse events. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the potential of CT to be beneficial in managing a variety of complications in stroke survivors. However, to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing evidence, rigorously designed large-scale RCTs are warranted in the future.