• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2002

Parkinson's disease(PD) is characterized by chronic progress of mesencephalic dopaminergic neuronal death. Diagnostic criteria for PD require at least two of three motor sign: tremor, rigidity, or bradykinesia. Levodopa and the dopamine agonists are considerd first-line drug therapy. In the book ‘dongyi soose bowon(東醫壽世保元)’, Soyangin Gihwangbeakho-tang(地黃白虎湯) is used at Soyangin Interior-overheated-disease. This case is patient who is 69 years old lady, suffered by the tremor of jaw and a slight rigidity, bradykinesia etc. This patient was classified as Soyangin by features, somatotype and emotional patterns. She improved in the tremor of jaw and others with Gihwangbeakho-tang for 67days. The result revealed that Soyangin-Gihwangbeakho-tang was effected on the tremor of jaw and others with Parkinson's disease patient.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to obtain some knowledge about the scalp acupuncture treatment on Parkinson's disease for the future practice and the research from the clinical studies in China. Methods : The literatures were searched using the database-China Academic Journals(CAJ) (2006-2011). Clinical studies of scalp acupuncture for Parkinson's disease-Randomized controlled trial(RCT), case control study, case series, case report- were included. Results : Of 65 articles, 12 Clinical studies met our inclusion criteria. Three case series reported a significant improvement in the patients with Parkinson's disease by scalp acupuncture, and 9 RCTs reported a significant effectiveness of scalp acupuncture as a monotherapy or as a combination therapy with Madopa Tablet(Levodopa + Benserazide HCl) treatment. Conclusions : The results of this study could be used for the future study about scalp acupuncture for Parkinson's disease.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.7.1-7.13
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• 2021

Levodopa (L-DOPA) therapy is normally practised to treat motor pattern associated with Parkinson disease (PD). Additionally, several inhibitory drugs such as Entacapone and Opicapone are also cosupplemented to protect peripheral inactivation of exogenous L-DOPA (~80%) that occurs due to metabolic activity of the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Although, both Entacapone and Opicapone have U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval but regular use of these drugs is associated with high risk of side effects. Thus, authors have focused on in silico discovery of phytochemicals and evaluation of their effectiveness against human soluble COMT using virtual screening, molecular docking, drug-like property prediction, generation of pharmacophoric property, and molecular dynamics simulation. Overall, study proposed, nine phytochemicals (withaphysalin D, withaphysalin N, withaferin A, withacnistin, withaphysalin C, withaphysalin O, withanolide B, withasomnine, and withaphysalin F) of plant Withania somnifera have strong binding efficiency against human COMT in comparison to both of the drugs i.e., Opicapone and Entacapone, thus may be used as putative bioenhancer in L-DOPA therapy. The present study needs further experimental validation to be used as an adjuvant in PD treatment.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.559-563
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• 2013

This study aims to quantify the effects of medication (Med) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) on resting rigidity in patients with Parkinson's disease. We tested 10 limbs of five patients under each of four treatment conditions: 1) baseline, 2) DBS, 3) Med, 4) DBS + Med. Rigidity at the wrist joint was assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The examiner randomly imposed flexion and extension movement on patient's wrist joint. Resistance to passive movement was quantified by viscoelastic properties. Not only rigidity score but also damping constant showed improvements in rigidity by DBS and Med treatments (p<0.05). This indicates that the viscosity can represent the change in rigidity due to DBS as well as Med, which was manifested by UPDRS score.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.694-697
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• 2007

발작성 운동이상증(Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, PKD)은 경련성 발작과 구분해야 하는 드문 신경질환으로써 1940년에 Mount와 Reback에 의해 발작성 무도무위증(paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis)란 용어로 처음 보고되었으며 1967년 Kertesz에 의해 처음으로 발작성 운동이상증(Dyskinesia)으로 명명 되어졌다. PKD는 아동기에서 성인기 초에 호발하며 가족성 우성 유전으로도 나타날 수 있고 chromosome 16p11.2-q12.1, 16q13-q22.1, 2q32-36과 관계 있다는 보고가 있다. 증상은 대부분 수 초 이내 멈추나 드물게 5분 이상 지속되는 경우도 있다. 증상 발현 전에 감각 이상 등의 전구 증상이 동반되는 경우가 있으며 의식소실은 동반되지 않는다. 치료는 carbamazepne, phenytoin, valproic acid, clonazepam 등의 항경련제를 투여하는데 일부에서는 oxycarbazepine이나 levodopa를 투여하기도 한다. 저자들은 한 가족의 세명의 형제에서 나타난 발작성 이상운동증을 경험하고 항경련제(Oxcarbamazepine or Carbamazepine)를 통한 좋은 치료성적을 거두었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1446-1451
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• 2012

Levodopa or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine. L-DOPA is a famous treatment for Parkinson's disease symptoms. In this study, electroenzymatic synthesis of L-DOPA was performed in a three-electrode cell, comprising a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum wire auxiliary electrode, and a glassy carbon working electrode. L-DOPA had an oxidation peak at 376 mV and a reduction peak at -550 mV. The optimum conditions of pH, temperature, and amount of free tyrosinase enzyme were pH 7, $30^{\circ}C$, and 250 IU, respectively. The kinetic constant of the free tyrosinase enzyme was found for both cresolase and catacholase activity to be 0.25 and 0.4 mM, respectively. A cyclic voltammogram was used to investigate the electron transfer rate constant. The mean heterogeneous electron transfer rate ($k_e$) was $5.8{\times}10^{-4}$ cm/s. The results suggest that the electroenzymatic method could be an alternative way to produce L-DOPA without the use of a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2016

Objective This case study was about a long-term clinical effects after using Korean medicine treatment and western treatment in three Soyangin patients with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we reported significant improvement of non-motor and motor symptoms of these patients after Sasang constitutional medicine treatments for more than a year. Method The patients were identified as Soyangin and treated with Yangguksanhwa-tang, Hyeongbangdojeok-san and acupuncture. The Hoehn & Yahr scale, Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were used to assess the overall function of the patients. And the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) was used to assess the change of chief complaints after the treatments. Result and Conclusion The non-motor and motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease improved after Sasang constitutional medicine and western medicine treatments for more than a year. Furthermore these patients' chief complaints improved without increasing of amount of western medicine (levodopa). In conclusion, this study showed that Sasang constitutional medicine with western medicine can be effective treatment for long-term clinical care of Parkinson's disease.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the complex anatomical structure and function of the midbrain to better understand the patient's symptoms and plan effective treatment including pharmacological and rehabilitation interventions. Design: A single case study Methods: A 17-year-old girl presented with acute onset of drowsiness, gait disturbance, mutism, and ptosis. Physical examination revealed postural instability, rigidity of all limbs, and limitations in extraocular movement. The brain MRI revealed an isolated acute infarction in the bilateral midbrain. Considering the location of the infarction, the presenting symptoms were the result of an impairment of the dopaminergic pathway in addition to lesions in the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve. Levodopa/carbidopa was prescribed. And the intensive and comprehensive rehabilitation program was done. Results: As a result of the study, through comprehensive intervention, which encompassed assessments such as the manual muscle test, Korean Modified Barthel Index score, and Trail-making test, significant enhancements in the patient's condition were observed. These findings provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of the intervention in promoting the patient's physical functioning and overall well-being. Conclusions: The results of this case highlight the significance of comprehending the intricate anatomical structure and functional aspects of the midbrain, which led us to approach appropriate pharmacological and rehabilitation interventions. Through active communication among the medical team, we were able to establish a therapeutic plan, which demonstrated that effective treatment can be achieved.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2008

Objective : In the evaluation of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), most neurologists only see their patients during a limited period of their fluctuating 24-hour-a-day lives. This study aimed to assess the short-term outcome of STN stimulation for patients with advanced PD evaluated in a 24-hour monitoring unit for movement disorder (MUMD) using a prospective protocol. Methods : Forty-two patients with advanced PD consecutively treated with bilateral STN stimulation using multi-channel microelectrode recording were included in this study. All patients were evaluated using a 24-hour MUMD with a video recording/editing system and were evaluated with a prospective protocol of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr Staging, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), Short Form-36 Health Survey, and neuropsychological tests. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain were performed prior to and six months after surgery. Results : All patients were evaluated at three and six months after surgery. There was a rapid and significant improvement of the motor symptoms, especially in tremor and rigidity, after STN stimulation with low morbidity. Dyskinesia was markedly decreased with much lowered LEDD values by 50% after STN stimulation. 1.5T MR images were safely taken according to the manufacturer's guidelines at six months after surgery without any adverse effects in 41 patients treated with STN stimulations. Conclusion : Evaluations in a 24-hour monitoring unit could reduce the dose of medication efficiently to an optimal level with patients' comfort and improve the clinical symptoms in harmony with STN stimulation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

Parkinson's disease is one of the typical neurodegenerative disease and it is caused by the destruction of substantia nigra in brain leading to lack of dopamine secretion, and it presents 4 major motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, stiffness, postural instability. Furthermore, it causes many non-motor symptoms such as anosmia, REM sleep conduct disorder, orthostatic hypotension, dementia and autonomic ataxia such as lack of adjusting blood pressure, hyperhydrosis, constipation. Dopaminergic therapy is the most commonly used strategy, but long term treatment of levodopa induce various adverse effects. Thus, many people are focusing on new therapies other than established therapies, and there are many tries and approaches with paradigm shift. Our medical team was able to get 4 cases of PD patients who are hospitalized in our hospital, treated by Whole Body Gi-Hyeol Therapy consisting of acupuncture therapy, herbal therapy, and mental therapy, and their conditions improved in perspective of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and Quality of life. Among all 4 cases, UPDRS score and quality of life score is gotton better, and among 2 cases SDNN, RMS-SD, TP, LF, HF scores are finely increased. And PDQ-39 score which shows quality of life is also improved. However, in spite of these improvements and positive results, there were no meaningful improvement in a hurt from a fall which is important to the aged, muscular atrophy which causes bone fracture and SMI(Skeletal Muscle Mass Index) which is indicator of osteoporosis. Thus, supplementary treatment about Whole Body Gi-Hyeol Therapy such as more active nutrition intervention, safe and effective kinesitherapy is needed, and from now on continuous case reports and systematic clinical research which has control group must be carried out.