• 감성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 과제수행에 대하여 주관적 인지부하 요인과 GSR의 각성수준이 어떤 관계를 형성하고 있는지를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 인지부하 설문지(신체적 노력, 정신적 노력, 지각된 과제난이도, 자기평가, 자료설계의 용이성), 사전-사후검사, GSR에 의한 각성수준을 측정하였다. 사전검사는 학습자의 사전지식 수준을 의미하며, 사후검사는 과제수행의 결과를 의미한다. 이 연구의 분석방법은 사후검사의 결과를 종속변수로 하는 회귀분석이었다. 첫째, 자기보고의 인지부하 요인이 사후검사에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과에 따르면, 사전검사, 신체적 노력, 지각된 과제난이도가 사후검사에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 신체적 노력은 정적관련성을 보이고 있었으나 지각된 과제난이도는 부적관련성을 보이고 있었다. 이 결과는 사전검사의 점수가 높은 사람은 상대적으로 과제난이도를 낮게 지각하는 경향이 있으며 과제해결을 위하여 신중히 노력함으로써 사후검사의 결과가 올라간다는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 둘째, 각성수준에 대한 연구결과에서는 평가단계에서 측정된 각성수준이 사후검사의 점수를 유의미하게 예측하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 평가단계의 GSR은 과제수행(사후검사)과 부적 관계를 형성하고 있었다. 즉, 평가단계에서 적절한 이완수준을 유지하고 있을 때 사후검사의 결과가 증진된다는 것을 보여주는 것이다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권8호
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• pp.1192-1197
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• 2013

In this paper Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export was defined, and it's job analysis. The authors have been defined the job and classified duties and tasks of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. To fine what is the most efficient task for Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export, we have been investigated the levels of importance, difficulty, frequency and entry in each task. A DACUM committee is composed of total 12 members, which are one facilitator, 10 panel members, one coordinator & recorder to analyze the job of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. Following is the result of this study. First, The process began with the identification of a job title and definition of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export. Second, a job model of Ubiquitous Medical Electronic Device Export is constructed based on the results of DACUM job analysis. 5 duties and 33 tasks are analyzed. Third, occupational specification was drawn up in consultation with SME council. Fourth, duty specification was drawn up in consultation. 33 tasks that are essential in entry level of occupation are identified. Fifth, task specification was drawn up in consultation. Detail task component which include skill, materials, knowledge, equipment, achievement level and tool was specified in task specification.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the goal achievement orientation of the students in dental-hygiene practice classes on their self-efficacy and on their adaptation to and satisfaction with their major. Methods : A survey was conducted among the dental-hygiene students in schools located in the Daegu region on October 24-31, 2011. A total of 212 accomplished questionnaires were gathered as sources of final analytical data. Statistical analysis was conducted on the collected data, using the SPSS 19.0 program. Results : 1. The students who had good personal relationships(p=.000) and who chose their major and school based on their aptitude(p=.029) were found to have a higher degree of satisfaction than those who did not have good personal relationships and who did not choose their major and school based on their aptitude. 2. Self-confidence(p=.004), self-control efficacy(p=.000), mastery approach(p=.000), and performance approach(p=.003) were found to have positive correlations with major adaptation while task difficulty preference(p=.000) was found to have a negative correlation with the same. 3. Self-confidence(p=.004), self-control efficacy(p=.000), mastery approach(p=.000), and performance approach(p=.045) were also found to have a positive correlation with major satisfaction while task difficulty preference(p=.000) was found to have a negative correlation with the same. 4. Mastery approach(p=.000) in goal achievement orientation was found to have a positive effect on self-efficacy while mastery avoidance(p=.001) was found to have a negative effect on the same. Mastery avoidance showed the greatest effect on self-confidence(p=.000) while mastery approach showed the greatest effect on self-control efficacy(p=.000) and task difficulty preference(p=.000). 5. In goal achievement orientation, mastery approach(p=.000) was found to have a positive effect on major adaptation while mastery avoidance was found to have a negative effect on the same. Meanwhile, with regard to self-efficacy, self-control efficacy(p=.037) and task difficulty preference(p=.008) were found to have positive effects on major adaptation. 6. In the case of major satisfaction, mastery approach(p=.000) in goal achievement orientation was found to have a positive effect on it, and in self-efficacy, self-control efficacy(p=.038) and task difficulty preference(p=.002) were found to have positive effects on it. Conclusions : Accordingly, to raise the level of the dental-hygiene students' adaptation to and satisfaction with their major, the students should be given appropriate tasks so that they can raise their mastery goal, and they should be encouraged to raise their approach goal rather than their avoidance goal. In addition, the students should be provided assistance in setting self-expectations and in developing confidence in their capabilities.

• 아동학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1987

The purpose of the present research was to study mothers' perceptions about their children' cognitive abilities and the relations between such perceptions and the children's cognitive level. The subjects of this study were 60 children (mean age: 6 years 1 month: age range = 5;8 to 6;7) and their mothers. Each child responded to 18 tasks drawn from the Kodae-Binet IQ test. Subsequently, the mothers were asked 4 questions: an estimate of her child's success or failure on the tasks, a rating of the certainty of her judgment, an estimate of the age of mastery on each task both for her owr child and children in general. The data of the present study were analyzed with the 3-way ANOVA (sex x birth order x mother's education level), t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Significant differences were found in (1) mothers' accuracy of their children's cognitive abilities according to children's birth order, (2) mothers' accuracy, overestimation, and certainty according to the level of difficulty of each task, and (3) mothers' estimate of age at mastery according to the level of each task. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between accurate predictions by the mother and correct answers by the child and between overestimations by the mother and correct answers by the child.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제11B권5호
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• pp.597-602
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• 2004

최근 웹이나 가상환경에서는 아바타의 활용이 증가하고 있으나, 아바타의 행위를 사용자가 직접 제어하는 수준의 서비스는 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 또한 기존에 제공되었던 언어들에는 제어에 필요한 복잡한 세부 정보들이 많이 포함되어 있어서 사용자가 작성하기에 까다로움이 많았으며, 작성한 언어를 다른 작업 도메인에 적용하고자 할 때에도 언어를 수정하거나 재 작성해야하는 번거로움이 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 아바타의 행위를 간단히 정의하기 위해, 작업수준별 아바타의 행위를 작성 할 수 있는 “작업 수준의 행위 표현 언어”와 동작에 관련된 세부적인 데이터를 작성 할 수 있는 “동작 표현 언어”로 각각 정의하였다. 또한 시스템 내에 “인터프리터”를 두어 동작 표현 언어를 자동으로 생성 할 수 있도록 함으로써, 사용자가 행위 표현 언어만으로 아바타의 행위를 쉽게 제어 할 수 있는 시스템을 구성하였다. 이러한 내용을 사이버 강의에 적용해 보고, 정의한 작업 수준의 행위 표현 언어를 기존 언어들과 비교하여 아바타의 행위를 얼마나 간단히 표현할 수 있는지 검토하였다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2019

SW 교육의 중요성이 증대되면서 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상을 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 비버챌린지 2018 체험하기와 도전하기 그룹III의 과제를 초등학교 5학년 55명을 대상으로 실시한 후 평균점수 비교, 스마트폰 보유여부, 컴퓨터 친숙도, 인내심, 집중도, 학업능력 요소와의 관련성 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 체험하기 점수에 비해 도전점수의 평균, 정답률, 난이도별 정답률 모두 높아졌고, 컴퓨터 친숙도, 인내심, 집중도가 높을수록 도전점수가 높아졌지만, 스마트폰 보유여부와 학업능력 요소는 점수에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한, 난이도가 어려운 과제에서는 인내심 요소가, 난이도가 보통인 과제에서는 컴퓨터 친숙도 요소가, 난이도가 쉬운 과제에서는 집중도 요소가 점수에 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서, 추후 분석대상과 그룹 범위를 넓혀 평가영역도 추가하여 분석할 필요가 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

Phonological awareness, or consciousness of speech sounds and operational skill with them, develops in the order word > syllable > phoneme, over the ages of four to seven. Among the various types of phonological awareness tasks, the deletion task has a higher level of difficulty because it requires operation and deletion of sounds within words. This task also has a high correlation with reading proficiency. This study utilized a deletion task with 20 questions to see how operational development depended on age and gender. The deletion task, with 20 questions, was tested on four- to six-year old children developing normally (N = 90). The results showed that phonological awareness performance improved with age. This age effect was not accompanied by a gender effect; age and gender interacted. The study confirmed the development of phonological awareness in four- to six-year-old children who were developing normally. The deletion task can be used to effectively detect the risk of difficulties with phonological awareness in preschoolers with speech, language, and reading problems.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.69-89
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• 2006

This study investigated whether and how semantic nature of intransitive verbs can be related to the L2 overpassivization errors. A total of 126 Korean high school students participated in a grammaticality judgment test on English sentences in which seven semantically different types of intransitive verbs were passivized. The results showed that there was an effect of semantic type on the students' judgment on overpassivization errors. Overall, it was shown that the students experienced the lowest degree of difficulty with the Controlled Process-Motional type verbs while experiencing the high degree of difficulty with the Change of State, Existence of State, Continuation of Pre-existing State, and Uncontrolled Process types. Two interlanguage patterns were also identified: the students at higher proficiency level and those at lower-proficiency level showed distinctive patterns on the task. It was argued that the simple dichotomy of unaccusative-unergative distinction does not suffice for the explanation of the complex phenomenon of L2 overpassivization.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze the job and develops the educational training program of ship-fitter by using the DACUM (Developing A Curriculum) method. On the first stage, the authors have been defined the job and classified duties and tasks of ship-fitters. To fine what is the most efficient task for ship-fitter, we have been investigated the levels of importance, difficulty, frequency and entry in each task. A DACUM committee is composed of total 10 members, which are one facilitator, eight panel members, one recorder & coordinator to analyze the job of ship-fitter. Following is the result of this study. First, 5 duties and 28 tasks are analyzed. Second, 19 tasks that are essential in entry level of occupation containing 'drawing inspecting' are identified. Third, a job model of ship-fitter is constructed by the results of DACUM job analysis. Fourth, training program is developed. This program contains task/curriculum Matrix, task/Course Matrix, training Course Profile, training Road Map.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2017

Objective: Dual-task interference is defined as decrements in performance observed when people attempt to perform two tasks concurrently, such as a verbal task and walking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of gait ability according to the dual task interference in chronic stroke survivors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten chronic stroke survivors (9 male, 1 female; mean age, 55.30 years; mini mental state examination, 19.60; onset duration, 56.90 months) recruited from the local community participated in this study. Gait ability (velocity, paretic side step, and stride time and length) under the single- and dual-task conditions at a self-selected comfortable walking speed was measured using the motion analysis system. In the dual task conditions, subjects performed three types of cognitive tasks (controlled oral word association test, auditory clock test, and counting backwards) while walking on the track. Results: For velocity, step and stride length, there was a significant decrease in the dual-task walking condition compared to the single walking condition (p<0.05). In particular, higher reduction of walking ability was observed when applying the counting backward task. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the addition of cognitive tasks while walking may lead to decrements of gait ability in stroke survivors. In particular, the difficulty level was the highest for the calculating task. We believe that these results provide basic information for improvements in gait ability and may be useful in gait training to prevent falls after a stroke incident.