• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 1978

It has been known that the shear strength of soil is an important design parameter for the foundation of structures, the retaining walls, the slope failures and so forth. In this study, the shear test was performed by using the direct shear apparatus under various degree of the moisture content and the density of the sample soils. The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1. The shear strength of soil increased with increase in the dry density of soil, and at the same level of density of the sample the shear strength of soil showed large values on a good grading of the sample. 2. The cohesion of the soil varied directly with the dry density of it, however the internal friction angle of soil was not affected by the dry density of tile sample. 3. The shear strength of sample varied inversly with the moisture content of it, and this phenomenon was apparent on a good grad ing of sample. 4. The cohesion of soil showed maximum value when the moisture content of the soil reached optimum level and the internal friction angle decreased with increase in the moisture content of it. These phenomena were very obvious on a good grading sample, SDC-1. 5. The cohesion of the soil decreased with increase in void ratio of the sample, but the internal friction angle of the sample didn't show such tendency.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2017

The analysis was carried out with meta-analysis on master's and doctoral dissertations, and academic journals that analyzed the effects of STEAM education between 2012 and 2015. From the total number of 75 dissertations and articles analyzed, 183 different effect sizes were calculated. The analysis was done to find out the kinds of differences that would be created according to the effect size of creativity, problem-solving ability, and researcher, target area, student division research design type, and level of schools. The total effect size of creativity scored 0.776, and demonstrated satisfaction in symmetry of funnel plot, with no publication biases. The fail-safe N scored 780, and since the number is smaller than 8,945, the results of this research has credibility. Furthermore, problem-solving ability shows intermediate level of effect size with a score of 0.584. It also showed satisfaction in symmetry with funnel plot, with no publication bias. With the different research methods of the sub-factors of creativity, fluency scored the highest with 0.929, flexibility with 0.881, originality with 0.838, sophistication with 0.653, abstractness with title 0.705, and resistance to termination, 0.527. This study finds its significance in the demonstration of average effect size of STEAM education through meta-analysis. According to research results, the effects of inclusive education could be determined, yet the specific effect cause or learning principles were difficult to find. It was found that the effects of STEAM education do not rise or fall depending on school age, and demonstrated differences in creativity according to the research methods or the researchers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1999

Experiment was carried out to determine the agronomic characteristics, forage yield of silage corn(Zea mays L.) soil chemical characterictics and $NO_3-N$ level in infiltration water by different application rates of daily liquid manures. Four treatment consisting of chemical fetilizer, $200kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, daily liquid manure $200kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, $300kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ and $400kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ were arranged in a randonmized complete block design with three replicates. The results obtained at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA., in Suwon from 1996 to 1997 are summarized as follows; In plant height and crude protein content, it were appeared to highest by 264cm, 6.8% at the cattle slurry 150% plot(T3), respectively. but Dry matter yield(14.5MT/ha) and TDN(9.5MT/ha) production of chemical fertilizer plot(T1) were highest. Among daily liquid manure amount, dry matter yield(14.0MT/ha) and TDN yield(9.1MT/ha) of daily liquid manure 100% plot(T2) were resulted to 96% and 97% of chemical fertilizer plot(T1). End year's soil organic matter and phosphate content were appeared to high than those of beginning year in daily liquid manure plots, but it was not in proportioned to increase according to slurry amount. $NO_3-N$ level in infiltration water lower than 60cm of all plots were lowed than a permitted limit of cattle drinkable. As a result, it was appeared that the optimum application amount of dairy liquid manure was 200kg/ha by manure-N.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1985

With a view to producing forest trees and forages, the grassland development in the forest has become an important issue in Korea. For better grassland development in the forest, a field research was carried out to investigate the effects of 3 dominant types of seed mixtures (orchardgrass type, tall fescue type, and reed canarygrass type) on the botanical composition, pasture plants composition and dry matter yield of grass-clover mixtures grown under pine trees (shading level; about 50%). As a preliminary test, 3 shading levels (o; full sunlight, 50, and 60%) were treated to compare the yield of pasture in the forest. This experiment was arranged as a randomized block design with 3 replications, and performed at the experimental field in the suburban forest of Suweon, during 1982 to 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. As the shading level increases by 0, 50, and 6075, the dry matter yield of forage was decreased by 100 (11.13 ton/ha),81 and 76%, respectively. 2. The total ground cover and percentage of pasture plants were decreased by year, regardless of 3 different dominant types of pasture mixtures. The wild grasses and shrubs, however, tended to be increased by year. 3. Orchardgrass was found to be the only dominant grass showing 80% of all pasture plants, regardless of 3 types of pasture mixtures. But the percentage of tall fescue, reed canarygrass, Kentucky bluegrass and ladino clover were low. 4. Dry matter yield was rapidly decreased to 5075 in the second harvest year, 1984 compared with that of the first harvest year, 1983. In 1983, the yield of orchardgrass type, tall fescue type, and reed canary-grass type was 8.95, 9.05, and 7.93 ton per ha, respectively, while in 1984, the yield was 4.66, 4.57, and 4.38 ton per ha, respectively. 5. From the above results, it is suggested that tile orchardgrass dominant type of pasture mixtures is the most desirable considering forage production and botanical composition, and maintaining productivity for several years is important in the grassland under the trees.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1455-1463
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various exercise intensity on Excess post exercise energy expenditure (EPEE), Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR),thyroid hormonal changes and biochemical variables in obese and NIDDM patients. The subject of the present study were divided into four groups and four periods: trained (T; n=10), control (C; n=10), obese (O; n=10) and NIDDM (N; n=10) group. And the periods were divided as follows; Resting (RE), Maximal (MA), High intensity (HI), and Low intensity (LI). There was significant difference in RMR among different intensity of exercise. in the T (p<0.05) not in the C, O, and N groups. however, there was no significant different percent body fat among all groups. In the energy expenditure, there was significant different among C, O, N groups compare to T in HIEE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure), LIEE (low intensity exercise energy expenditure), HIEEPE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure post exercise) and LIEEPE (low intensity exercise expenditure post exercise). In the hormonal level, there was significant different in T4 level in the T group at LI period and there was also significant difference in T4, Free T3, & Free T4 levels in T group at LI period, however there was no significant different in the O and N groups except LI period. In the fatigue variables, there was significant different in lactate and ammonia levels in the N group in the period of HI compare to C. The present cross-sectional study was design to investigate the relationship between exercise intensity and RMR in four groups. The focus of this investigation was to compare RMR in aerobically trained (T), control (C), obese (O) and NIDDM (N) group. The relationship among RMR, exercise intensity and percent body fat would best be investigated using Meta Lyzer 3B, MMX3B and body composition analyzer. Each subject completed measurement of percent body fat, RMR, hormone in the period of maximal oxygen uptake exercise (MA), high intensity exercise (HI), and low intensity exercise (LI). From the results, High and Low intensity of exercise, there was a trend for an increased RMR (kcal/day) in the trained groups and control group (in case of LI) not for the obese and N groups. This is best explained not by the reduced percent body fat but by the highly induced energy expenditure (during exercise and post exercise energy expenditure) and increased T4, Free T3, and Free T4 hormonal levels in the low intensity exercise for the T group and sometimes C group.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application level of swine slurry on the growth characteristics and yield of sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid and $NO_3-N$ content in infiltration at experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA from 2000 to 2002. Treatments were consisted of non fertilizer(NF), chemical fertilizer(CF), 100% swine slurry(SS 100), 150% swine slurry(SS 150), 200% swine slurry(SS 200) and 100% swine slurry + CF 50%(SS100 + CF 50) with randomized complete block design and three replications. Growth of sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid was not nearly different among the treatments, but early growth of swine slurry treatments was better than that of CF, and regrowth after 1st cutting was shown better in CF and SS 100+CF 50 with adding application of chemical fertilizer. The sugar content(brix %) was tends to be increased with swine slurry application. Dry matter(DM) yields of SS 100 and SS 150 were lower 15 and 6% than that of CF, respectively, and SS 200 was similer to CF, but there was not found significant difference among all treatments. The content of crude protein(CP), acid detergent fiber(ADF), and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) did not show the difference. The content of $NO_3-N$ in infiltration water was not more than CF by the 55 150 application, but more than by SS 200 and 55 100+CF 50 treatment.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.147-170
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• 2010

This study is to present a improvement directions for the protection of industrial key technology. For the purpose of the study, the survey was carried out on the administrative security activity of 68 enterprises including Large companies, small-midium companies and public corporations. survey result on the 10 items of security policy, 10 items of personal management and 7 items of the assets management are as follows; First, stable foundation for the efficient implement of security policy is needed. Carrying a security policy into practice and continuous upgrade should be fulfilled with drawing-up of the policy. Also for the vitalization of security activity, arrangement of security organization and security manager are needed with mutual assistance in the company. Periodic security inspection should be practiced for the improvement of security level and security understanding. Second, the increase of investment for security job is needed for security invigoration. Securing cooperation channel with professional security facility such as National Intelligence Service, Korea internet & security agency, Information security consulting company, security research institute is needed, also security outsourcing could be considered as the method of above investment. Especially small-midium company is very vulnerable compared with Large company and public corporation in security management, so increase of government's budget for security support system is necessary. Third, human resource management is important, because the main cause of leak of confidential information is person. Regular education rate for new employee and staff members is relatively high, but the vitalization of security oath for staff members and the third party who access to key technology is necessary. Also access right to key information should be changed whenever access right changes. Reinforcement of management of resigned person such as security oath, the elimination of access right to key information and the deletion of account. is needed. Forth, the control and management of important asset including patent and design should be tightened. Classification of importance of asset and periodic inspection are necessary with the effects evaluation of leak of asset.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of copper-soy proteinate (Cu-SP) on the performance of laying hens. A total of 1,000 Hy-Line Brown laying hens of 32 wks old were assigned to one of the following 5 dietary treatments: Control, Cu-SP 50, 100, 150, 200 (50, 100, 150, 200 ppm Cu supplementation as Cu-soy proteinate). Each treatment was replicated 4 times with fifty birds per replication, housed in 2 birds cages. Fifty birds units were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 5 wks under 16L : 8D lighting regimen. There were no significant differences among treatments in hen-day and hen-house egg production, egg weight, broken & soft egg production. Feed intake and feed conversion rate (FCR) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in Cu-SP treated groups than Control. Eggshell thickness was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Control than Cu-SP 100, 150 and 200. Egg yolk color index was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Cu-SP 200 than other treatments. Egg shell color index was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP 150 and Cu-SP 200 than Cu-SP 100. Concentration of copper, iron and zinc of the egg yolk were not significantly influenced by treatment. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the chicken blood. The result of this experiment showed that dietary supplementation of Cu-SP at the level of 50ppm of Cu can reduce feed intake and FCR.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The Low Birth Weight infant birth rate in this country is a little more than 15 percent and is being increased. The survival rate of Low Birth Weight infant is over 90 percent and recently the rate runs is getting. However, because of the high risk of Low Birth Weight infant for handicap in growth, a preventive nursing intervention program for Low Birth Weight infant and their mother is considered to be necessary. Touch and massage, thus sensory stimulation has been considered to be important ensuring a normal growth of Low Birth Weight infant During the past decades sensory stimulation program has been used for premature and Low Birth Weight infants. Recently a study on the sensory stimulation for Low Birth Weight infants has bee n done in this country. Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's development. Especially, mother and infant interaction during one year after birth plays important role in child's social. affective and cognitive developments. But in the study of Low Birth Weight infants, the mother and infant interaction has been rare yet. However, there was no study effectiveness of the sensory stimulation on mother and infant interaction. In this respect, this study based on the importance of the nursing intervention, is intended to measure the effectiveness of the massage therapy in the aspects of weight, daily feeding amount, cortisolurine stress hormone and mother and infant interactions. This study has been conducted on the nonequivalent control group pretestposttest design in quasi experimental basis and Low Birth Weight infants from NICU of two Medical University Hospitals located in Taegu Metropolitan were selected in experimental group of 21 infants and control group of 20 infants. Data has been collected from May 1, 1999 to September 5, 2000. For the experimental group Field's sensory stimulation(tactile and kinesthetic stimulation) was applied 2 times a day for 10 days(10:00 - 11:00 hours in the morning and 19:00 - 20:00 in the afternoon) by nurse and mother. The electronic indicator scale (Cas Co. Korea) was used to measure infant's body weight. To determine urine cortisol concentration level under stress, rad immuno assay method was used. And to determine mother and infant interactions during feeding, tools developed by Kim Mi-Ye (1999) were used. Collected data were analyzed with SAS program using x-test, t-test, paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Findings were as follows : 1. For the daily mean weight gain, the experimental group showed little higher than the control group, even though, there was no Statistically significant differences between two groups. 2. For the amount of daily mean feeding, the experimental group showed little higher than the control group, while there was no Statistically significant differences between two groups. 3. The level of wine cortisol concentration was increased in both groups, while no Statistical significance was shown between the two groups. 4. Mothers in experimental group were more likely to have higher mean scores in mother and infant interaction during feeding than mothers in the control group. Statistical significance was shown between the two groups(t= 5.78, P=.001). In conclusion, the massage therapy in this study showed with regard to even though through there was no statistically significance in the weight gain and urine stress hormone concentration. there was Statistical significantly higher in the mother and infant interaction during feeding. Based on the result of this study, it is considered that the massage therapy should be applied clinical practice and home to help a developmental growth and interaction of Low Birth Weight infants and mothers during the period of recovery.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1210-1230
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• 1997

In this paper, we suggest an architecture of DS/CDMA tranceiver composed of one pilot channel used as reference and multiple traffic channels. The pilot channel-an unmodulated PN code-is used as the reference signal for synchronization of PN code and data demondulation. The coherent demodulation architecture is also exploited for the reverse link as well as for the forward link. Here are the characteristics of the suggested DS/CDMA system. First, we suggest an interlaced quadrature spreading(IQS) method. In this method, the PN coe for I-phase 1st channel is used for Q-phase 2nd channels and the PN code for Q-phase 1st channel is used for I-phase 2nd channel, and so on-which is quite different from the eisting spreading schemes of DS/CDMA systems, such as IS-95 digital CDMA cellular or W-CDMA for PCS. By doing IQS spreading, we can drastically reduce the zero crossing rate of the RF signals. Second, we introduce an adaptive threshold setting for the synchronization of PN code, an initial acquistion method that uses a single PN code generator and reduces the acquistion time by a half compared the existing ones, and exploit the state machines to reduce the reacquistion time Third, various kinds of functions, such as automatic frequency control(AFC), automatic level control(ALC), bit-error-rate(BER) estimator, and spectral shaping for reducing the adjacent channel interference, are introduced to improve the system performance. Fourth, we designed and implemented the DS/CDMA MODEM to be used for variable transmission rate applications-from 16Kbps to 1.024Mbps. We developed and confirmed the DS/CDMA MODEM architecture through mathematical analysis and various kind of simulations. The ASIC design was done using VHDL coding and synthesis. To cope with several different kinds of applications, we developed transmitter and receiver ASICs separately. While a single transmitter or receiver ASC contains three channels (one for the pilot and the others for the traffic channels), by combining several transmitter ASICs, we can expand the number of channels up to 64. The ASICs are now under use for implementing a line-of-sight (LOS) radio equipment.