• 제목/요약/키워드: leuT

검색결과 95건 처리시간 0.03초

2배체 대장균의 제조와 그 특성 (Construction and characterization of heterozygous diploid Escherichia coli)

  • 정혜임;임동빈
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제52권4호
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    • pp.406-414
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    • 2016
  • 대장균에서 6개의 Leu 코돈중 가장 흔한 코돈은 CUG이다. 이 코돈을 인식하는 tRNA는 4개의 유전자에 의해 합성되는데, leuPQV와 leuT 2개의 locus로 나누어져 있다. 이 CUG를 인식하는 모든 tRNA가 결핍된 균주를 만들기 위해, 우선 leuPQV가 삭제된 균주(${\Delta}leuPQV$)와, leuT의 anticodon CAG를 GAG로 돌연변이시킨 균주[$Km^R$, $leuT^*$(GAG)]를 각각 만들었다. 이 두 돌연변이 유전자를 모으기 위해 ${\Delta}leuPQV$ 균주를 recipient로, $leuT^*$(GAG) 균주를 donor로하는 transduction을 수행한 결과, 콜로니 크기가 큰 것과 작은 것 두 종류의 transductant를 얻었다. PCR 후 염기서열 분석 결과 큰 콜로니는 예측한 recombinant로 판명됐으나, 작은 콜로니는 donor와 recipient 염색체 간의 상호교환재조합(reciprocal recombination)으로는 설명이 되지 않는, 돌연변이 유전자[$leuT^*$(GAG)]와 야생형 유전자(leuT(CAG)]를 모두 가진 균주로 밝혀졌다. 이 heterozygous diploid는 광학현미경으로 관찰시 세포의 형태와 크기에서 특이점이 발견되지 않았으나, 영양배지에서 야생형에 비해 생장이 한참 느리면서, 선형생장곡선(linear growth curve)이라는 예측하지 못한 생장특성을 보였다. 이 2배체 균주는 선택배지에서는 항상 작은 균일한 콜로니를 형성하였으나, 배지에 선택항생제 없을 경우, $leuT^*$(GAG) 유전자형 세포와 leuT(CAG) 유전자형 세포로 분리가 일어났다. 우리의 결과를 종합해볼 때, 이 2배체 균주는, $leuT^*$(GAG)와 leuT(CAG) 부분만 2배체로 갖는 부분이배체(merodiploid)라기 보다는, $leuT^*$(GAG)와 leuT(CAG)가 서로 다른 염색체에 있는 완전이배체라는 모델을 지지했다. 우리는 이러한 2배체가 어떻게 생성되었으며, 어떻게 분리되는지, 또 이 균주는 왜 선형생장곡선을 보이는지 등에 대한 모델을 토론하였다.

Dextransucrase 고활성 젖산균을 이용한 스타터 증편의 품질개선에 관한 연구 (Study on the Improvement of Quality in Jeung-pyun Prepared with Lactic Bacteria Having High Dextransucrase Activity as Starters)

  • 이아영;박주연;한영숙
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.400-407
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    • 2006
  • 26균주의 젖산균을 증편 반죽에서 분리하여 dextransucrase 활성을 측정할 결과 T. halophilus 1-12가 36.95 DSU/mg으로 가장 높았다. 이 중 Leu. mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides 2-9, T. halophilus 1-12, Leu. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13을 선별하여 starter로 이용하였다. 증편의 점도변화를 관찰한 결과 Leu. mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides 2-9를 첨가한 증편은 발효 적기인 2시간째에 첨가량이 많을수록 점도가 높아졌고 T. halophilus 1-12를 첨가한 증편의 경우는 첨가량에 따라 차이 없이 증편의 점도가 증가하였다. Leu. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13를 첨가한 증편 반죽의 경우에는 첨가량에 차이 없이 starter 균을 첨가하지 않은 증편 반죽의 발효패턴과 같은 점도 변화를 보였다. 증편반죽의 pH는 Leu. mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides 2-9 와 T. halophilus 1-12를 첨가한 경우 첨가량이 증가할수록 초기 pH도 낮았으며 발효가 진행되면서 계속 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 Leu. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13의 경우에는 첨가량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없이 발효가 진행되면서 감소하는 패턴을 보였다. 증편의 비체적은 Leu. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13 1.0% 첨가한 군이 2.00으로 가장 높았고, T. halophilus 1-12를 1.0% 첨가한 군이 0.33으로 가장 낮았다. 증편의 단면을 관찰한 결과 Leu. mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides 2-9를 0.5 % 첨가한 것이 균일하였고, T. halophilus 1-12는 첨가량이 많을수록 기공이 거칠고 불규칙하였다. 반면 Leu. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13를 첨가한 군은 첨가량이 많을수록 기공이 균일하고 부피가 증가한 것을 볼 수 있었다. Texture는 Leu. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13를 0.5%, 1.0% 첨가한 증편이 hardnesubsp과 gumminesubsp, chewinesubsp가 대조군에 비해 매우 유의적으로 감소하였다. 관능검사를 실시한 결과 Leu. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum 5-13 0.5%를 첨가한 시료가 전체적인 기호도에서 8.500을 받아 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

The Purification and Characterization of Bacillus subtilis Tripeptidase (PepT)

  • Park, Yong-Seek;Cha, Myung-Hoon;Yong, Whan-Mi;Kim, Hyo-Joon;Chung, Il-Yup;Lee, Young-Seek
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.239-246
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    • 1999
  • A tripeptidase (PepT) was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus subtilis through four sequential chromatographies including DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange, hydroxylapatite, mono-Q FPLC ion exchange, and Superose-12 FPLC gel filtration. The apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was 49,200 Da and 51,400 Da as determined by sodium dodecylsulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel filtration chromatography, respectively, and the enzyme exists in a monomeric form. The physicochemical properties of the enzyme were as follows: optimum pH at 7.5, optimum temperature at $60^{\circ}C$, and pI at 4.9. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of the enzyme were 4.3 mM and 2.5 mmol/min/mg, respectively, with MetAla-Ser as substrate. The B. subtilis PepT requires $Co^{2+}$ ion(s) for activation, while it is inactivated by EOTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting that it is a metalloprotein. The enzyme was not inhibited by any of serine protease, aspartic protease, or leucine aminopeptidase inhibitors. The enzyme showed comparable activities towards four different substrates including Met-Ala-Ser, Leu-Gly-Gly, Leu-Ser-Phe, and Leu-Leu-Tyr. The amino terminal sequence of PepT determined by Edman degradation was found to be MKEEIIERFTTYVXV and turned out to be identical to that of PepT deduced from a cloned B. subtilis pepT.

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Glutamine and Leucine Provide Enhanced Protective Immunity Against Mucosal Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

  • Uyangaa, Erdenebileg;Lee, Hern-Ku;Eo, Seong Kug
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.196-206
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    • 2012
  • Besides their role as building blocks of protein, there are growing evidences that some amino acids have roles in regulating key metabolic pathways that are necessary for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and immunity. Here, we evaluated the modulatory functions of several amino acids in protective immunity against mucosal infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We found that glutamine (Gln) and leucine (Leu) showed enhanced protective immunity to HSV-1 mucosal infection when two administration of Gln and single administration of Leu per day, but not when administered in combinations. Ameliorated clinical signs of HSV-1 challenged mice by the intraperitoneal administration of Gln and Leu were closely associated with viral burden and IFN-${\gamma}$ production in the vaginal tract at 2 and 4 days post-infection. In addition, the enhanced production of vaginal IFN-${\gamma}$ appeared to be caused by NK and HSV-1 antigen-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells recruited into vaginal tract of mice treated with Gln and Leu, which indicates that IFN-${\gamma}$, produced by NK and Th1-type CD4+ T cells, may be critical to control the outcome of diseases caused by HSV-1 mucosal infection. Collectively, our results indicate that intraperitoneal administration of Gln and Leu following HSV-1 mucosal infection could provide beneficial effects for the modulation of protective immunity, but dosage and frequency of administration should be carefully considered, because higher frequency and overdose of Gln and Leu, or their combined treatment, showed detrimental effects to protective immunity.

Pseudomonas mandelii의 lipase 유전자 클로닝, 발현 및 정제 (Cloning, Expression, and Purification of a Lipase from Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas mandelii)

  • 김준성;이창우
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.306-311
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    • 2012
  • 내냉성 세균인 Pseudomonas mandelii로부터 lipase 유전자(lipT)를 클로닝하고 염기서열을 분석하였다. 열린해독틀 (open reading frame)은 1,686 bp로 구성되어 있고, 562개의 아미노산을 코딩한다. 서열분석 결과 많은 세린 효소에서 발견되는 Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly 모티프가 존재한다(Gly-His-Ser-Leu-Gly). 재조합 LipT 단백질은 대장균에서 주로 inclusion body 형태로 발현되었다. 니켈 친화성 크로마토그라피 방법으로 LipT 단백질을 분리하였으며 소량의 LipT 단백질이 refold 되었다. 이 효소는 p-nitrophenyl butyrate (C4)과 p-nitrophenyl octanoate (C8)에 대해 기질 특이성을 나타내었다.

L-Leucine increases the daily body temperature and affords thermotolerance in broiler chicks

  • Han, Guofeng;Yang, Hui;Wang, Yunhao;Haraguchi, Shogo;Miyazaki, Takuro;Bungo, Takashi;Tashiro, Kosuke;Furuse, Mitsuhiro;Chowdhury, Vishwajit S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.842-848
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    • 2019
  • Objective: Heat stress poses an increasing threat for poultry production. Some amino acids have been found to play critical roles in affording thermotolerance. Recently, it was found that in ovo administration of L-leucine (L-Leu) altered amino acid metabolism and afforded thermotolerance in heat-exposed broiler chicks. Methods: In this study, two doses (35 and $70{\mu}mol/egg$) of L-Leu were administered in ovo on embryonic day 7 to determine their effect on rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW) and thyroid hormones at hatching. Changes in RT, BW, and thermotolerance in post-hatched chicks were also analyzed. Results: It was found that in ovo administration of L-Leu dose-dependently reduced RT and plasma thyroxine ($T_4$) level just after hatching. In post-hatched neonatal broiler chicks, however, the higher dose of L-Leu administered in ovo significantly increased RT without affecting BW gain. In chicks that had been exposed to heat stress, the RT was significantly lowered by in ovo administration of L-Leu (high dose) in comparison with the control chicks under the same high ambient temperature (HT: $35^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 120 min). Conclusion: In ovo administration of L-Leu in a high dose contributed to an increased daily body temperature and afforded thermotolerance under HT in neonatal broiler chicks.

돼지 Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) 유전자의 육질연관성 분석 (Characterization and Evaluation of Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) Gene Effect on Pork Quality Traits in Pigs)

  • 노정건;김상욱;최정석;최양일;김종주;최봉환;김태헌;김관석
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제54권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 한국재래돼지의 MC4R 유전자 내의 단일염기변이들을 규명하고 그 유전자형 효과가 유전자표지인자를 이용한 선발(Marker assisted selection, MAS)에 활용 가능한지를 검증하기 위해서 수행되었다. 한국재래돼지의 MC4R 유전자 총 염기서열을 분석하기 위해 6개의 Primer들을 이용하여 증폭산물을 생성하였으며, 염기서열분석을 통해 총 6개(c.-780C>G, c-135C>T, c.175C>T-Leu59Leu, c.707A>G-Arg236His, c.892A>G-Asp298Asn, c.*430A>T)의 단일염기변이를 발견하였다. 한국재래돼지 MC4R 유전자내의 총 6개의 단일염기변이들간의 연관불균형과 반수체 분석을 통해 단일염기변이들간의 연관성을 분석하였으며, c.-780C>G, c-135C>T, c.175C>T-Leu59Leu, c.707A>G-Arg236His와 c.*430A>T는 완전한 연관불균형을 이루고 있었고, c.892A>G(Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이만 $r^2$-value가 0.028, D'-value가 0.348로 연관불균형 정도가 매우 낮았다. c.707A>G (Arg236His)와 c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이들을 선발하여 PCR-RFLP 유전자형 분석방법을 이용해 돼지 5품종간의 유전자형 빈도를 추정한 결과, c.707A>G (Arg236His) 단일염기변이는 요크셔 품종 집단에서 오직 A (His) 대립유전자를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 나머지 한국재래돼지, 랜드레이스, 버크셔와 듀록 품종에서는 G 대립유전자의 고정으로 나타났다. c.707A>G 단일염기변이와 육질형질을 484두에서 연관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 조지방, 등심 내의 수분, 육색, 적색도 그리고 황색도 등에서 유의적인 연관성을 관찰할 수 있었다. c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이의 유전자형 빈도는 품종별로 차이가 났으며, A (Asn) 대립유전자의 빈도가 가장 높은 품종은 듀록으로 나타났고, G (Asp) 대립유전자의 빈도가 가장 높은 품종은 한국재래돼지로 조사되었다. c.892A>G (Asp 298Asn) 단일염기변이와 돼지 4 집단의 육질형질을 1,126두에서 분석한 결과, 등지방두께에 고도의 유의적인 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다(P<0.002). AA 유전자형을 가진 개체가 AG나 GG 유전자형을 가진 개체보다 등지방두께가 두꺼운 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 MC4R 유전자 내의 c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이는 돼지의 선발개량에 유전자표지인자로서 충분한 효과가 있음을 검증하였다.

Developmental Regulation of the Peptide Hydrolyzing Activities of the Proteasome in Myogenic Differentiation

  • Chung Pil Joong;Woo Joo Hong;Kim Hye Sun
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 2004
  • We examined a role of proteasome, the non-lysosomal multicatalytic protease complex,on the differentiation of chick embryonic myoblasts in culture. The peptide hydrolyzing activities of proteasome were found to change; the hydrolyzing activity against N-succinyl-Leu-Leu- Val- Tyr-7 -amido-4-methy1coumarin (SLLVY-AMC) was prominent and increased with myogenic differentiation. Proteasome inhibitors, N-carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-norvalinal (MG115) and N-carbobenzoxy-Ile-Glu (O-t-butyl)-Ala-Leucinal (PSI), blocked membrane fusion of myoblasts as well as the SLLVY-AMC hydrolyzing activity. Those inhibitory activities of the agents occurred in parallel, but were reversible and both cell fusion and the peptidase activity were restored when the agents were withdrawn from the culture medium. On the other hand, the agents caused accumulation of the ubiquitinylated proteins in the cytoskeletal proteins. These results suggest that each of the peptide hydrolyzing activities of proteasome is independently regulated during the myogenic differentiation and the chymotrypsin-like activity may play an important role in that process.

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완충 수용액중 로이신엔케팔린 및 [D-알라$^2]$-로이신엔케팔린아미드의 물리화학적 안정성 (Physicochemical Stability of Leucine Enkephalin and $[D-Ala^2]$-Leucine Enkephalinamide in Buffered Aqueous Solution)

  • 박인숙;전인구
    • 약학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.488-495
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    • 1994
  • To evaluate the feasibility of transmucosal delivery of leucine enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and its synthetic analog, $[D-Ala^2]$-leucine enkephalinamide (YAGFL), their physicochemical stabilities in aqueous buffered solutions were first investigated using a stability indicating high performance liquid chromatography. The degradation of Leu-Enk and YAGFL followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. From the pH-rate profiles, it was found that the maximal stability of the two pentapeptides was at the pH of about 5.0. The shelf lives $(t_{90%})$ for the degradation of Leu-Enk and YAGFL at pH 5.0 and $40^{\circ}C$ were found to be 48.13 and 50.9 days, respectively. From the temperature dependence of the degradation, activation energies for Leu-Enk and YAGFL were calculated to be 13.61 and 13.47 kcal/mole, respectively. A higher ionic strength and a higher initial peptide concentration in buffered solution slowed the degradation of the two pentapeptides. The addition of 2-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin into the peptide solution did not affect the stability significantly.

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누룩으로부터 젖산세균의 분리 및 특성 (Identification and characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Nuruk)

  • 이정훈
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.359-365
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    • 2000
  • Three lactic acid bacteria (C-1 K-3 and T-1 strain) were isolated from Nuruk and characterized subsequently. They were useful strains for production of lactic acid and their growth was inhibited at 10% ethanol pH 4 These strains were identified as lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NR C-1 Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenterides NR K-3 and pediococcus pentosaceus NR T-1 respectively by morphological physiological and biochemical characterization Lac lactis subsp lactis NR C-1 showed the highest lactic acid productivity. Leu measenteroides subsp mesenteroides NR K-3 showed stable lactic acid productivity and its growth was inhibited at pH 4. P pentosaceus NR T-1 had lower lactic acid productivity than the other two bacteria but it could not grow at 10% ethanol pH 4 The lactic acid productivity of these three strains in MRS broth were higher than that in Skim milk media the optimum pH and temperature for the lactic acid production of the three strains were 30-32$^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0∼6.8 Glucose was the optimal carbon souorce for the lactic acid production. In terms of antagonism lac lactis subsp lactis NR c-1 showed somewhat inhibitory efects against some Gram positive rod and cocci such as Lactobacillus brevis and Streptococcus mitis. And Leu mesenteroides subsp mesenteroides NR K-3 showed the inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mitis but P. pentosaceus NR T-1 didn't show any inhibitory effects against tested strains.

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