• Title/Summary/Keyword: length and density

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Evaluation of the Effect of Oriental Medicinal Herbs with Growth Factors on Bone Development using the SD Strain Rat Model in the Growth Period (뼈 발달에 관한 성장인자를 가진 한약재가 성장기 흰쥐 동물모델에 미치는 영향)

  • Sim, Jae-Won;Ahn, Hee-Young;Sim, So-Yeon;Kim, Hee-Young;Cho, Yong-Ju;Cho, Young-Su
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.614-620
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the growth plate, femoral bone length, bone mineral density, and blood composition in various experimental animals fed with oriental medicinal herbs containing growth factors. First, the lengths of the bone growth plates of the positive control (PC) group (fed with Astragalus membranaceus) and the Gh-199 and Sh-188 groups were increased when compared to group N. The Gh-199 group showed a greater increase in bone growth when compared with the PC group. In terms of the femoral bone length and bone mineral density, the effect of both Gh-199 and Sh-188 powders were as good as those of the PC group, and the Gh-199 powder showed a positive effect. Conversely, in the PC group, unlike the Gh-199 and Sh-188 groups, the aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activities in the blood were increased, indicating that A. membranaceus is toxic to the body. Both the PC and Sh-188 groups also showed higher insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) activity when compared with the Gh-199 group. Overall, the bone growth plate, femoral bone length, and bone mineral density measurements, and the blood analysis showed positive results in the group treated with Gh-199, and no specific toxicity of the herbal medicine in the body was evident.

Development of Joint Survey System using Photogrammetric Technique (사진측량기법에 의한 절리조사 시스템 개발)

  • Son, Youngjin;Kim, Jaedong;Jeong, Wansoon;Kim, Jong-Hoon;Kim, Ki-Seog
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.55-66
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    • 2014
  • In this study, a joint survey system was developed to efficiently analyze geometrical characteristics of joint structures in rock mass using photogrammetric technique. The system includes both hardware and software. The hardware consists of a high resolution image camera for photographing image of a surface of rock body, a direction controlling system for adjusting the attitude of camera, and a digital compass for measuring the rotation angle of camera. The software was also developed in order to analyze the orientation, density, mean length of joints revealed on the images of rock surfaces. The software developed in this study was named as JointeXtractor. As applying this system into several field measurements, the orientation, density, mean length of joints could be quantitatively measured through analyzing the images of rock surfaces, in which the case of a difficult-to-access area was especially included for the test of the system.

Validation of an asymptotic zone conditional expression for turbulent burning velocity against DNS database (영역조건평균에 기초한 난류연소속도의 직접수치해법검증)

  • Kim, Soo-Youb;Huh, Kang-Y.
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.62-69
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    • 2004
  • Zone conditional formulations for the Reynolds average reaction progress variable are used to derive an asymptotic expression for turbulent burning velocity. New DNS runs are performed for validation in a statistically one dimensional steady state configuration. Parametric study is performed with respect to turbulent intensity, integral length scale, density ratio and laminar flame speed. Results show good agreement between DNS results and the asymptotic expression in terms of measured maximum flame surface density and estimated turbulent diffusivity in unburned gas.

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Validation of an asymptotic zone conditional expression for turbulent burning velocity against DNS database (영역조건평균에 기초한 난류연소속도의 직접수치해법검증)

  • Kim, Soo-Youb;Huh, Kang-Y.
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2004
  • Zone conditional formulation for the Reynolds average reaction progress variable is used to derive an asymptotic expression for turbulent burning velocity. New DNS runs are performed for validation in a statistically one dimensional steady state configuration. Parametric study is performed with respect to turbulent intensity, integral length scale, density ratio and laminar flame speed. Results show good agreement between DNS results and the asymptotic expression in terms of measured maximum flame surface density and estimated turbulent diffusivity in unburned gas.

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Effect of Planting Density on the Growth Characteristics and Root Yield of Achyranthes japonica N. (쇠무릎의 재식밀도(栽植密度)가 생육특성(生育特性) 및 근(根) 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kim, Myeong-Seok;Chung, Byeong-Jun;Park, Gyu-Chul;Park, Tae-Dong;Kim, Sang-Chul;Shim, Jae-Han
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.137-141
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    • 1998
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of planting density on the growth characteristics and root yield of Achyranthes japonica N. from 1995 to 1996. Stem diameter, no. of branch and fresh weight of above-ground parts per plant were reduced by increasing the planting density, but stem length, length and diameter of main root increased at high density, $25{\times}5cm$. The heighest percent of large roots was 71 % at $25{\times}5cm$ planting density. The dry root yield per 10a at $25{\times}5cm$ planting density was 7% higher than 306kg of $20{\times}5cm$ planting density, but root yields were lower in other planting density compared to $25{\times}5cm$ planting density. The root dry weight showed negative correlation with stem diameter, no. of branch and fresh weight of above-ground parts per plant but showed positive correlation with stem length, length and diameter of main root.

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Modal Vibration Characteristics of an Annular Disk Containing Evenly Spaced Narrow Radial Slots (등간격의 좁은 반경방향 슬롯을 가진 환형 박판의 고유진동 특성)

  • Lee, Hyeong-Ill
    • Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.560-568
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    • 2009
  • Modal vibration characteristics of a thin annular disk containing narrow radial slots are studied numerically and experimentally. Existing analytical solution is examined based on these results revealing that it can not precisely predict eigenvalues of the disk with slots since it does not accurately consider change in the vibration modes and change in strain energy density distributions due to the slots. Parametric study on slot length found that distortions in the mode shape as well as changes in the corresponding natural frequencies are proportional to the slot length. Consequently, errors in the calculated eigenvalues are also proportional to the slot length and accurate data can not be obtained with existing analytical solution above a certain level of slot length. Same phenomena can be observed in both free-free disk and fixed-free disk.

Status of the Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) Aquaculture for Optimal Rearing Technique in Marine Net Cage (해상가두리 적정 사육기술 제시를 위한 전복양식 현황)

  • Son, Maeng-Hyun;Park, Min-Woo;Kim, Kang-Woong;Kim, Kyoung-Duck;Kim, Shin-Kwon
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.362-373
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    • 2010
  • We reviewed previous studies on well-performing aquaculture facilities, rearing environment, breeding management and feed supply to find the optimal conditions of the abalone aquaculture in marine cage. The size of marine cage varied depending on local area where the abalone farms are located. The small size cage ($2.4{\times}2.4{\times}2.5$ m) was used in Wando, Jindo and Hanam area where much of the provincial's abalone production is conducted and the middle size cage ($2.4{\times}4.8{\times}2.5$ m) was used in Huksando area. Big size group, above 2 cm in shell length, was produced from the end of October to the middle of November and small size group, below 2 cm in shell length, was produced from the end of March to the beginning of April next year in case of juvenile abalone of land production. The initial stocking density was 517-1,653 individuals/culture square meter($m^2$) in case of the big size group. The optimal rearing density was 326 and 263 individuals/culture square meter ($m^2$) after 1 year and 2 year's rearing, respectively. It is shown that relationship between individual shell length (x) and rearing density (y) is estimated to be $y=2,803.1x^{-1.4641}$ ($r^2=0.9687$). In addition, The obvious relationship was indicated between number of cage (x) and sea weed production facilities (y) as y=1.1542x+10.832 ($r^2=0.918$) in Wando, because sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) or japanese tangle (Laminaria japonica) was supplied as a feed for abalone culture. The general pattern of relationship between shell length (x) and shell weight (y) of cultured abalone is estimated to be $y=0.1443x^{2.9461}$ ($r^2=0.9997$).

Growth and Quality Changes of Creeping Bentgrass by Application of Liquid Fertilizer Containing Silicate (규산 함유 액상비료 시비에 따른 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생육과 품질 변화)

  • Kim, Young-Sun;Lee, Chang-Eun;Lee, Geung-Joo
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.170-176
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    • 2016
  • Superintendents have used a silicate fertilizer to improve a resistance of turfgrass against several diseases, drought damage and wear stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid fertilizer containing silicate (LFSi) on changes of turfgrass quality and growth by investigating visual quality, chlorophyll content-chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, root length, shoot length, dry weight of clipping, and nutrient content in leaves tissue. Treatments were designed as follows; control fertilizer (CF), SiF-1 (CF + $1ml\;m^{-2}$ LFSi), SiF-2 (CF + $2ml\;m^{-2}$ LFSi), and SiF-3 (CF + $4ml\;m^{-2}$ LFSi). As compared with CF, soil chemical properties, visual turfgrass quality, chlorophyll content, and dry weight of clipping of LFSi treatments were not significantly. Contrastingly, shoot density, root length, and the content of nitrogen or potassium were increased by application of LFSi. The content of Si in the tissue was positively correlated with potassium content or shoot length, and similarly shoot density positively with chlorophyll content or visual quality, respectively. These results suggested that the application of LFSi improved the turfgrass quality by increasing shoot density or K content in leaf tissue of creeping bentgrass.

A Robust Transport Protocol Based on Intra-Cluster Node Density for Wireless Sensor Networks (무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 클러스터 내 노드 밀도 기반 트랜스포트 프로토콜)

  • Baek, Cheolheon;Moh, Sangman
    • IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.381-390
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    • 2015
  • The efficient design of a transport protocol contributes to energy conservation as well as performance improvement in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a node-density-aware transport protocol (NDTP) for intra-cluster transmissions in WSNs for monitoring physical attributes is proposed, which takes node density into account to mitigate congestion in intra-cluster transmissions. In the proposed NDTP, the maximum active time and queue length of cluster heads are restricted to reduce energy consumption. This is mainly because cluster heads do more works and consume more energy than normal sensor nodes. According to the performance evaluation results, the proposed NDTP outperforms the conventional protocol remarkably in terms of network lifetime, congestion frequency, and packet error rate.

A Elicitation of Polynomial Equation of Thrust Coefficient for Linear Synchronous Motor by Experimental Design Method (영구자석의 overhang 길이 및 skew 효과를 고려한 LSM 추력함수 도출)

  • Jang, Ki-Bong;Pyo, Se-Ho;Kim, Gyu-Tak
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.58 no.6
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    • pp.1105-1109
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    • 2009
  • This paper deals with a polynomial thrust equation of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor that is considered by a skew and overhang effects of permanent magnet. The skew length, the overhang length, the width and height of permanent magnet, the teeth length and air-gap length which effect to the flux density of air-gap are selected as variables of the polynomial thrust equation. Polynomial thrust equation is elicited by the 6 parameters. The results are satisfied that the values by polynomial thrust equation are compared ones by using 3-dimensional finite element analysis and experiment.