• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 1979

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of potassium application level for pasture management in Chungnam area. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The seedling establishment of pasture species was slightly depressed by high potassium application. 2. By increasing potassium application level, the winter hardiness of pasture species increased. 3. The forage yield of pasture species was more increased in legume single seeding than grass single and mixed seeding by higher potassium application. 4. The $K_2O$ content in forage was increased markedly by increasing potassium application level on grass single block. 5. The results obtained from this experiment indicated that potassium application level much effective on the winter hardiness of pasture species and forage yield specially in legume single seeding and adequate amount of potassium would be 20kg per 10a in this area.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2011

Cover crop can be used to suppress weeds by competition for light and nutrient. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of legume cover crops on change of weed community in no-till corn cultivation. Two legume cover crops, hairy vetch and crimson clover were grown in the field, and succeeding corn was sown on 4 May, 2010. The distribution of weed was surveyed at 15 April, 1 June, and 20 August. At 15 April, the weed biomass in hairy vetch field was higher than in crimson clover field. The dominant weeds were Capsella bursa-pastoris L. and Stellaria aquatica L. in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields, respectively. At vegetative stage of corn, occurred weeds in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields were four and six species, respectively, while the weed was occurred with nine species in conventional. Also the dry weight of weed was decreased by 82 and 75% in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields compared to conventional. On the other hand, after harvest of corn, occurred weed in hairy vetch, crimson clover and conventional was five, four and five species, respectively. Dry weight percentage of occurred weed in conventional was 23.5%, and the value was higher than 13.8 and 14.7% in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields, respectively. Stellaria aquatica L. as winter annual weed only occurred in cover crop field during corn growing season. It is these possibilities that low soil temperature and light interception by soil cover of legume cover crop.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 1994

This study was undertaken at Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, as part of a larger forage genetic resource evaluation project. The experimental program consisted of a field experiment where grass and legume species were grown in monocultures and the dry matter yield, rumen bag digestibility (RBDMD) and N content of leaf and stem components were monitored in the wet and dry seasons. Eight species of grass (Brachiaria decwnbens cv. Basilisk. Panicum maximum cv. Riversdale, Urochloa pullulans CPI 41192, Imperata cylindrica from Maiwa, South Sulawesi, Digitaria milanjiana CPI 41193, Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Malopo, Heteropogon contorlus and Setaria sphacelata cv. Splenda) were studied. P. maximum was the highest yielding grass in the wet season and B. decumbens in the dry season. The highest RBDMD in the whole plants were U. pulluians, P. maximum, S. sphacelata and D. milanjiana after 2 weeks regrowth in cycle I and S. sphacelata, B. decumbens, D. milanjiana and C. ciliaris in cycle 2. When total digestible DM was calculated for the whole of cycle I, P. maximum, B. decumbens and S. sphacelata were superior, but B. decumbens produced over twice as much as the other species in the dry season (cycle 2). The leaf N concentration of all grasses exceeded 1.0% (6.25% crude protein) in the regrowth in cycle I but did not exceed 0.5% in the dry season regrowth (cycle 2).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 1991

The investigation of the kinds and density of white grubs in relation to soil texture, forages, years after pasture establishment, and management methods in pasture were surveyed in Livestock Experiment Station, Suwon by digging 5 sites($100cm{\times}100cm$) in a month from April to October during 1985. The results obtained were summarized as follows; No difference was observed in white grub species divesity in relation to soil texture, forages, years after pasture establishment, and management method of pasture, but the abundance of each species was different from the environmental factors.1. On the soil texture; Miridiba kureana, Popillia uchidai, Holotrichia mmosa and Holotrichia diomphalia occurred in the clay loam field, whereas Anomala corpulenta and Anomala mfocuprea in the sandy loam. 2. On the forage; the density of all species except Popillia uchidai was higher in grass than legume. 3. On the years after pasture extablishment; both of the species diversity and abundance were increased 3 years after pasture establishment and maximized at the 5th year.4. On the management methods of pasture; species diversity and abundance were higher in meadows than pastures.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.644-652
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• 2017

Clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring. Clover serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrients on sloping, atmosphere purification, and supplying nitrogen in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agricultural land, we observed its effect on growth and carbon uptake in upland soil. The plant height of clover species increased with late harvesting time and was 46.0~55.0 cm at 90 days after seeding (DAS) and the longest in red clover. The dry matter increased at 85 DAS, after that, decreased slightly. The dry matter of white clover and red clover was $3.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $3.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, and crimson clover was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$, significantly lower than other clover. Crops bloomed at 90 DAS were white clover and crimson clover, the period from sowing to flowering was 78 days for crimson clover and 85 days for white clover. The nitrogen content of the clover species was $12.0{\sim}29.3g\;kg^{-1}$, with the highest of $29.3g\;kg^{-1}$ for white clover. The carbon content of clover species was similar in all clover species, but carbon uptake was high in white clover and red clover, and lowest in crimson clover. The carbon uptake of the plant increased to 85 DAS and then decreased. Based on the clover growth and carbon uptake, white clover and red clover were promising when sown in spring.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1995

A simple conservation technique baled silage making of selected froage materials was discussed in Suwon and in Muan county during 1991 - 1992. Eleven species of forage crops and pasture grasses(maize. sorghum, pearl millet, barnyardgrass, rye, barley, spring oat, Italian ryegrass, orchardgrass, alfalfa and grass-legume pasture mixtures) were harvested at different growth stage from young plant to maturity and baled in a self constructed square baling chamber, and wrapped in a 0.05mm thick polyethylene plastic film. Each bales measured by 90cm long, 60cm wide and 50cm height and weighted between 15~20kg in dry matter basis. physio-molphologcal characteristics of the plants, leaf weight ratio(LWR), leaf area ratio(LAR), stalk ratio (SR), stalk hardness(SH) and other growth parameters, were analysed and were used as a parameter to evaluate the suitability of materials for baling. Italian ryegrass including orchardgrass, alfalfa and pasture mixtures produced high quality baled silage. Silage quality point(F1ieg-point) of Italian ryegrass was improved from 63 point in crushed custom silage to 75 piont in baled silage. Meterial of grass-legume pasture mixtures showed 55 point in crushed silage and 67 point in baled silage. Fodder rye, barley, spring oat and barnyardgrass were also evaluated as a good materials for baled silage making. On the other hand, meize including sorghum and peral millet were evaluated as a not suitable materals for baling due to its high value of SR and SH. Quality of maize was excellent with 88 point in clushed silage and medium with 47 point in baled silage making.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.378-384
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• 1997

The ruminal solubility of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) in eight Philippine forages was studied. These forages were: 1) grasses: paragrass (Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf), stargrass (Cynodon plectostachyum Pilger), and napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.); 2) creeping legumes: calopogonium or calopo (Calopogonium muconoides Desv.) and centrocema (Centrocema pubescens Benth.); 3) tree lequmes: gliricidia or kakawate (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.), leucaena or ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.), and sesbania or katuray (Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir). Nylon bags with samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h in three rumen cannulated sheep fed with timothy hay (Phleum pratense L.) at 2% body weight/d. The 0-h bags were washed with deionized water. There were species differences (p < 0.05) on the different solubilities of trace elements. At O-h incubation, the trend of solubility was Mo (54%) > Zn (43%) > Cu (38.7%) > Mn (29.5%). At 3-h incubation, all the elements except Mn had an average solubility above 50%. Combining particulate passage rate (1.9%/h) and various trace elements disappearance rates, the effective ruminal solubilization (ERS) of trace elements were computed. The ERS across species ranged from 44.6 to 89.9% for Cu, 29.9 to 84% for Mn, 66 to 95.1% for Mo, and 30.1 to 82.3% for Zn resulting to a trend of Mo > Zn > Cu > Mn.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2008

Seed priming is an useful technique for increasing germination and early establishment of seedlings. In this experiment, the conditions for priming of pasture seeds (tall fescue, orchardgrass, alfalfa and white clover) have been optimized to ensure an early germination and more uniform growth of seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of four different priming duration such as 2, 4, 6 and 8 days for grass, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 days for legume. The subplots were consisted of three priming temperature such as 10, 15 and $20^{\circ}C$. Effects of priming duration and temperature were different in all four pasture seeds examined. The germination of primed grass (tall fescue and orchardgrass) was the highest on 6 days in priming duration, whereas that of legume (alfalfa and white clover) was the highest on 2 days. In priming temperature, the germination of primed orchradgrass increased as decreasing temperature, however that of legume increased as increasing temperature. These results suggest that seed priming induced earlier and higher germination for all four pastures tested. However, the degree of priming effectiveness on pasture species depending on the priming duration and its temperature.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

This experiments was conducted to investigate the influence on growth of rye, triticale with legume and investigated their productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity in order to select the appropriate forage species in the central region of Korea. In the results, Rye+Red clover showed 5.2ton/ha of dry matter yield. But there was no significant difference with Triticale+Red clover and Rye in upland field. In paddy field, Rye+Hairy vetch showed 5.2ton/ha, but there was no significant difference with Triticale+Hairy vetch and Rye. Mixture effects with Rye, Triticale and Red clover, Hairy vetch by relative yield were more than 1.00 compared to monoculture, and their mixture effect was recognized in upland and paddy field. Relative feed value was highest in the applications of Triticale mixture in upland and paddy field. The average value of $K_{CP}$ and $K_{TDN}$ showed the highest one as 2.75head/ha/yr in Rye+Red clover in upland field and 2.84head/ ha/yr in Triticale+Hairy vetch in paddy field. According to the results, Rye+Red clover in upland field and Triticale+Hairy vetch in paddy field were considered to be the most appropriate winter forage crops for the central region of Korea in terms of productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2019

Soybean is the one of recalcitrant legume species for shoot induction. Shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis was investigated in five soybean cultivars, 'Dawon', 'Pungsan', 'Daewon', 'Taekwang' and 'Chongdoo 1' by using cotyledonary node explants. Out of 5 soybean cultivars, an efficient shoot regeneration condition was developed in the two soybean cultivars, 'Dawon' and 'Pungsan'. When various kinds of plant growth regulators with different concentration were estimated, the optimum medium condition for shoot induction in both soybean cultivars was MS + B5 vitamin supplemented with BA at concentration 2 mg/L. In addition, shoot formation efficiency was increased with 97.09% and 93.88% by the pretreatment of BA onto the explants before in vitro culture in both cultivars. Shoot induction in 'Dawon' cultivar was originated from epidermal tissue and sub-epidermal layers when histological changes were investigated under shoot regeneration after culturing cotyledonary node segments on shoot induction medium for 0 to 21 days. Especially, cell dedifferentiation was observed from parenchyma cells to meristematic cell in 3-day cultured segments.