• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.558-567
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• 2011

One of the main objectives of noise control act is to define and ensure application and respect of noise exposure limits. Most advanced countries have prepared a legal framework for noise limits either by national laws, ordinances or municipal by-laws. A large number of advaced countries have adopted the $L_{eq}$ index for the main sources of noise (road, railway, industry). The exception is aircraft noise for which regulatory practice is highly disparate. These differences in the indices adopted, the periods and areas to which regulations apply, definitions of measurement conditions and ways in which noise levels are calculated make it difficult to compare the current advanced countries standards. This study presents the current noise abatement policy of the advanced countries and proposes the improvement of the current noise abatement policy of Korea to catch up with it of the advanced countries.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.351-373
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• 1995

The objective of this paper is to present relevant information and data from domestic and foreign references and to propose legal standards on pesticide residues in order to mitigate the pesticide contamination in the water environment. Among 200 pesticide ingredients in use in Korea, items necessary for standard setting were selected and theoretical residue limits were computed. The results are summarized as follows. In advanced countries, drinking water standards are established on the basis of health index ADI and water intake, whereas standards for surface water are established temporarily on the basis of different parameters, inconsistent with different countries. Pesticide residue limits applicable in Korea were proposed for 24 pesticides in drinking water(health basis) and for 25 pesticides in surface water(ecotoxicological basis), as selected by risk priority. It was recommended to accumulate scientific data by persistent research efforts in order to maintain the justification of the pesticide residue limits in water and relevant research topics to be undertaken in future were proposed.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.492-497
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• 2005

잔류농약과 관련된 포장시험 및 기준설정에는 데이터의 변이성이 뒤따르기 때문에 여러가지 허수(default value)를 채택하고 있다. 잔류농약 분석상의 오차는 $RSD\;{\pm}30-40%$에 이르고 있어 잔류허용기준(MRL)은 이것을 감안하여 geometric progression에 따르고 있다. 과거 5년간(1998-2002)의 JMPR 보고서에 의하면 포장시험에서의 변이계수(중앙치에 대한 최고치 비율)은 LOQ 이상에서의 486개 농약-작물 조합에서 평균 3.8배에 이르고 있고 기준설정시의 절상효과는 최고치의 1.5배로 나타났다. 한편 국내에서 기준설정시의 규제마진(최고잔류치에 대한 최대잔류기준의 비율)은 822개 농약-작물 조합에서 평균 4.8배로 나타났다. 이와 같은 규제마진을 적용하는 경우 국내의 잔류기준은 Codex보다 높게 설정될 것으로 예상된다. 앞으로 농약잔류 허용기준의 설정에서 Codex기준과 국내기준의 조화를 이루기 위한 검증작업이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2003

베타선 방출 핵종 측정을 위한 프로토 타입(prototype) 액체섬광검출기를 개발하고 이의 특성을 분석하였다. 액체섬광계수시스템의 신호처리부는 2개의 광전자증배관(photomultiplier tube, PMT)과 동시 계수 회로를 이용하여 구성하였다. 제작한 프로토 타입 시스템의 특성 분석을 위하여 4종류의 베타 핵종 $(^3H,\;^{14}C,\;^{36}Cl,\;^{90}Sr)$에 대한 샘플을 조제하여 베타 스펙트럼을 측정하였다. 차폐체를 전혀 사용하지 않은 상태에서 측정한 4종류의 핵종에 대한 베타 스펙트럼을 구하고, 최소 검출 한계를 계산한 다음, 법적 규제치 및 계산된 검출한계와 비교하였다. 이들 대부분의 선원들은 수분이내의 측정으로 배수중 방사선물질에 대한 법적 규제치 이하로 충분히 검출 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The law pertaining to medical service technologists does not discuss the scope and limits of doctors' guidelines. My paper aims to discuss these topics. METHODS: This study was based on a review of literature and an analysis of judicial precedents. RESULTS: Physical therapists have often noted the need for independent practitioners in their articles on health care. Their continued discussions on professional and educational differences have centered round this issue, but their ideas have not been accepted. Practitioners have continued to interpret doctors' guidelines in hospitals without discussing their scope. However, the Supreme Court presented a meaningful decision outlining the conceptual limits and the scope of medical practice. The court suggested, basing its interpretation in the goal of clarifying the concept of medical activities smoothly, was to follow a specific judgment on the levels of education, testing, and professionalism. CONCLUSION: The role of physical therapists is expanding in this country, in order to meet the needs of the ultra-aged society. Education is already responding to rising training needs. By dividing the doctors' guidelines into indirect and direct types, if there's no medical risk near or around the health center or hospital, it is a good idea to allow the management of physical therapy partially, while understanding the scope and limitations of these guidelines clearly. A teleological interpretation of the law is especially relevant, and can be implemented immediately by the authoritative interpretation on part of the health authorities without any legal amendments.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

The levels of five heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc) were analyzed in edible tissues of Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758 marketed in Sinop coasts of the Black Sea by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. With the present study, heavy metal values of this fish in the Black Sea were examined for the first time. The mean concentrations in mg kg^-1 wet wt. of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were 0.022, 0.009, 0.035, 6.3 and 16 mg kg^-1 wet wt., respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the consumption of muscle from anglerfish can be considered safe in terms of permissible legal limits. It is clear that, Zn showed the high accumulation in muscle tissue followed by Cu, while non-essential metals Hg, Cd and Pb showed the low accumulation. This could be explained by the fact that Zn and Cu are essential elements in the bodies of living organisms and has an important role in different physiological processes. In the present study, heavy metal levels in angler fish were low. Likewise, the calculated HI values were lower than one. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the consumption of muscle from anglerfish can be considered safe in terms of permissible legal limits and hazard index values.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

In order to efficiently manage groundwater resources, it is necessary to establish clear definition about the rights to use groundwater because it directly governs the interests of various stakeholders, from users to policy makers. In this paper, we examined the characteristics of Korea's rights to use groundwater through legal precedents, public recognition, laws, and institutional stipulaton. Inclarity about the scope and definition of the right, and the absence of legal basis ruling the exclusion and duration of groundwater use have entailed numerous cases of legal disputes between the parties with incompetible interests. In the perception survey, various responses were obtained from the surveyee regarding the scope of rights perceived by groundwater users, how to respond to groundwater shortages, and opinions about expanding public uses of groundwater. In Korea, the legal authority to use groundwater is governed by different laws while considering groundwater as both private and public property. In foreign countires, the right to use water is separated from property ownership, and it limits the volume and pumping rate of groundwater during a specified period. In order to better manage groundwater resources, it is necessary to come up with a public consensus on the right to use groundwater by considering the opinions of various stakeholders and accomodating them in adminstrative effort in directing groundwater management.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

Safety of residents could be considered and then increased when we plan, design, and operate a city. In Korea, CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) is currently being applied to new towns. However, it is not systemized and neither efficient, for there are no constraint provisions, and the foreign cases are not specifically customized to the current situation of the country. This means, the introduction of CPTED is an indispensable fact, but there are limits to the budget aids and actual application, for there is no legal base to support it. This study, therefore, aims to find the limits from analyzing related laws and regimes, administrative regulations, and applied cases, and to deduct improvement plans based on examined foreign cases. In this Study, the supporting system of foreign CPTED related laws and regulations was analyzed around the cases of England and U.S.A, and based on that information, the present condition and limits of CPTED related laws and regulations of Korea were deducted. As a result of this study, there were no constraint provisions to apply the design guidelines to actual planning, and there were limits on backup aid and actual application due to the lacking of analyzing the relevant area. Also, an acceptable framework must be arranged by the revision of laws and ordinances to compel the system, and link it with the CPTED certification system which will revitalize the whole system.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.535-540
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• 2005

In environmental impact assessment, noise impact assessment usually consists of three stages surveying the existing noise levels by measurements, predicting noise levels induced by construction works and predicting noise levels after the completion of project. When predicting noise level in urban area, this method does not consider acoustic phenomena like multi reflection, diffraction and absorption due to complex topographic configuration of building and terrains. For the purpose, a noise mapping tool is utilized to produce a series of noise maps, which are those for the present, for the works of construction and for the future. For accurate noise mapping, acoustical and topographic information is essential. Standard sound power levels and directivities of various construction equipments are required and scheduling of construction processes and locations of the equipments should be provided. In the case of exceeding legal limit, mitigation measures are applied to satisfy the legal limits and subsequent noise map is obtained and checked.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2014

Dorang - the Korean term for headwater streams - occupy a large portion of the total stream length in a basin, and contribute significantly towards the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, and the ecosystem, of the main river. The Ministry of Environment of South Korea has supported the investigation of the status of Dorang in the nation's four major basins, since 2007. Without a widely accepted academic or legal definition of Dorang, however, there are limits to understand the distribution of Dorang at the national scale and to systematically compile a Dorang database. This paper, through a review of the stream classification system and Korean legal system delineating streams, defines Dorang as 1st and 2nd order streams according to the Strahler ordering method, in a 1:25,000 geographical scale. Analysis of the Geum River basin, with this definition, reveals that the total length of Dorang is 20,622.4 km (73.6% of total stream length), and the number of Dorang catchments is 23,639 (71.3% of the basin area). Further analysis of the geomorphological characteristics of Dorang catchments shows that the average total stream length is 1.1 km, average catchment length is 1.2 km, average drainage area is $0.4km^2$, and average drainage density is 3.08/km.