• 환경정책연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-57
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• 2004

Attempts were made to compare and analyze the policies of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark concerning Korea's major problems associated with legal liability of the contaminated sites. These countries were chosen from a feasible preliminary analysis of 18 countries of the EU and the U. S. The major problems were revealed based on the analysis of Korean legacy and legislation, which are summarized as follows i) lack of clear detailed technical and legal guidance to determine the responsible party or parties of contaminated sites, ii) no distinction between the strict and non strict legal liability of innocent land owners, iii) no clearly set limit on retroactive legal liability. Comparison of the policies of countries chosen suggested improvements regarding these major problems as follows: i) activating national and international research on soil contamination prevention policy, ii) arranging distinct legal regulation between strict and non strict liability criteria, iii) establishing the limits on innocent and non strict liability, iv) establishing methodology and process of legal liability distribution and compensation, and v) establishing a legal process to redeem any benefit derived from remediation of contaminated sites with the public budget. Our policy suggestions above are not yet conclusive due to a lack of policy implementation simulation. Additional research is needed on aspects of social, economic and long term effects of the proposed policy directions. Nevertheless, application of the policy suggestions of this research would increase the efficacy of Korean policy regarding the survey and remediation of the potentially contaminated sites.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 Sentence-BERT 모델을 활용한 법률 문서 검색 방법을 제안한다. 법률 검색 서비스를 이용하고자 하는 일반인들은 법률 용어 및 구조에 대한 이해가 부족함에 따라 관련 판례 검색 등에 있어 어려움을 겪고 있다. 기존의 키워드 및 텍스트마이닝 기반 법률 검색 방법은 판결문의 문맥에 대한 정보가 없으며, 동음이의어 및 다의어에 대해 구분하기 어려워 성능을 높이는 데 한계가 있었다. 그로 인해 법률 문서 검색 결과에 대한 정확도가 낮아 신뢰하기가 어려웠다. 이를 위해, 대법원 판례 및 법률구조공단 상담사례 데이터에서 일반인의 법률 검색 문장에 대한 성능을 개선하고자 한다. Sentence-BERT 모델은 판례 및 상담 데이터에 대한 문맥 정보가 임베딩 되므로, 문장의 의미 손실이 적어 TF-IDF 및 Doc2Vec 검색 방법과 비교했을 때보다 검색 정확도가 개선된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.262-272
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• 1996

The objective of this paper is to present relevant information and for proposing legal standards on pesticide residues around golf courses. Among 67 pesticide ingredients used for the courses in Korea, 30 items necessary for standard setting were selected and theoretical residue limits were computed. Pesticide residue limits applicable to golf courses in Korea were for 16 pesticides in run-off water on the health and ecotoxicological bases and in soil on the health basis, as selected by practical use pattern. It is recommended to accumulate scientific data by continuous research efforts in order to justify the pesticide residue limits in run-off water and soils of golf courses.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2001

국내에서 1998년까지 잔류기준이 설정, 고시된 농약성분 202종에 대하여 예상되는 문제점을 확인하는 동시에 이에 필요한 시정 방안을 제시하였다. 기준치로 부터 계산한 이론적 최대섭취량이 ADI 의 80%를 초과하는 농약은 35개 성분에 이르렀다. 국내기준과 Codex기준의 격차가 10배 이상되는 항목은 35종 농약, 47종 농산물에서 나타났다. 국내에서는 202종 농약 중 어느 한 종목에서라도 적용작물이면서 잔류기준이 없는 것은 33개, 적용작물이 아니면서 잔류기준이 있는 것은 50개 항목에 이르렀다. Codex기준에서 농산물의 원료와 가공상태에 따라 잔류기준이 각각 다른 사례들을 검색하였다. 국내기준에서 발견되는 이상의 모순점들을 시정하기 위한 방안을 각각 제시하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2014

During 2011~2013, a total of 729 samples for 19 types of medicinal plant were collected from Seoulyekryungsi in Seoul, Korea, and investigated for the presence of aflatoxins. The samples were analyzed using immunoaffinity column cleanup and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector after post-column derivatization. Aflatoxins were found in 124 out of the 729 analyzed samples: 65 containing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 24 with aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), 15 with aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and 20 samples with aflatoxin G2 (AFG2). The ranges for positive samples were $0.1{\sim}404.7{\mu}g/kg$ for AFB1, $0.1{\sim}10.0{\mu}g/kg$ for AFB2, $0.1{\sim}635.3{\mu}g/kg$ for AFG1, $0.1{\sim}182.5{\mu}g/kg$ for AFG2, and $0.1{\sim}1,043.9{\mu}g/kg$ for total aflatoxins. Most of the medicinal plant samples (721, 98.9%) were below legal limits, but 8 samples exceeded the legal limits of 10 and $15{\mu}g/kg$ established by the Korean standard for AFB1 and total aflatoxins (the sum of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.591-608
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• 2023

With the emergence of advanced encryption technologies such as Quantum Cryptography and Full Disk Encryption, an era of strengthening information security has begun. Users respond positively to the advancement of privacy-enhancing technology, on the other hand, investigative agencies have difficulty unveiling the actual truth as they fail to decrypt devices. In particular, unlike past ciphers, encryption methods using biometric information such as fingerprints, iris, and faces have become common and have faced technical limitations in collecting digital evidence. Accordingly, normative solutions have emerged as a major issue. The United States enacted the CLOUD Act with the legal mechanism of 'Contempt of court' and in 2016, the United Kingdom substantiated the Compelled Decryption through the Investigatory Powers Act (IPA). However, it is difficult to enforce Compelled Decryption on individuals in Korea because Korean is highly sensitive to personal information. Therefore, in this paper, we sought a method of introducing a Compelled Decryption that does not contradict the people's legal sentiment through a perception survey of 95 people on the Compelled Decryption. We tried to compare and review the Budapest Convention with major overseas laws such as the United States and the United Kingdom, and to suggest a direction of legislation acceptable to the people in ways to minimize infringement of privacy. We hope that this study will be an effective legal response plan for law enforcement agencies that can normatively overcome the technical limitations of decoding.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

Objective: This study was performed to propose a domestic occupational exposure limit(OEL) following a health hazard assessment, calculation of a non-carcinogenicity reference concentration worker($RfC_{worker}$) value, and examination of international agencies' exposure limits. It also recommends legal management within the Occupational Safety and Health Act for PHMG-Phosphate(CAS No. 89697-78-9), It is a humidifier disinfectant that generated many lung injuries. Methods: We have investigated the recommendation or guidelines of foreign OEL for PHMG-Phosphate and the actual state of legal management in Korea. To examine the procedures and methods for recommendation OEL. Toxicological hazard and health hazard classifications were examined and a non-carcinogenicity $RfC_{worker}$ value was calculated for PHMG-Phosphate. An OEL and the necessity of legal management were recommended as well. Results and Conclusions: The OEL for PHMG-Phosphate is recommended to be $0.01mg/m^3$. The recommended OEL is close to 10 times the RfCworker value of $0.000833mg/m^3$ calculated from the chemical dose-response hazard assessment, which is a 2017 study. The CMIT/MIT(3:1) mixture, which was a social issue as a humidifier disinfectant substance, was also exposed to the same ratio in March 2018, establish the OEL. It is recommended to establish OEL for PHMG-Phosphate to prevent worker health hazards and for chemical safety management.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제26호
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• pp.59-87
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• 2011

경비업법의 주요 내용을 살펴보면, 경비업에 대한 규제적 측면에 치우쳐 있으며, 구체적인 권한 부여에 관한 규정이 명확히 제시되어 있지 않다. 이것은 경비업무을 실질적으로 수행하고 있는 경비원의 권한에 대한 근거 규정의 미비와 그러한 권한의 한계를 명확히 설정하지 못하는 문제를 야기하게 된다. 이에 따라 경비업법상 경비업 주체의 업무 수행의 한계를 부여함과 동시에 경비업무의 원활한 수행을 담보할 수 있는 권한 근거 규정을 도출할 수 있는 해석이 이루어져야 하며, 그러한 단서를 제공하는 것이 경비업법 제7조 제1항의 "관리권"이라 할 수 있다. 경비업법에 규정된 관리권의 범위에는 점유권에 기한 자력구제권을 근거로 하여 자력방위 및 자력탈환권이 포함되며, 사실적 지배행위로서 정지 및 질문권, 출입통제 및 퇴거요구권, 물품 검색 반입 보류 및 금지권 등이 인정된다고 할 것이다. 점유보조자의 지위에서 경비원은 관리권으로부터 도출될 수 있는 사전예방 활동을 할 수 있으며, 이러한 예방활동에도 불구하고 법익 침해가 예상되거나 이루어진 경우 관리권에 근거하여, 소극적 저항행위와 저항수단으로서의 유형력 범위 안에서 실력으로 침해를 저지 할 수 있다. 그리고 그러한 물리적 유형력을 행사하기 위해서는 형법상 위법성조각사유인 정당방위 긴급피난 정당행위의 요건을 구비하여야 한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.940-948
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• 2000

Noise and vibration generated at construction sites become serious issues because of bigger construction projects and growing use of heavy equipment. Especially in downtown construction, noise and vibration easily exceed the legal standards that can suffer the most of surrounding residents. The number of complaints by the residents who are exposed to the noise increases as their consciousness grows. However, the Korean regulations for the construction noise and vibration only present the overall limits for target areas and times zones, and this make it difficult to take effective measures. Also in rural area, disputes between construction sites and residents arise, but the dispute resolution or taking measures are difficult because clear standards concerning cause-and-effect, estimation of effective levels, calculation of damages, and future precautions and examples lack. This paper describes legal standards regarding the noise and vibration and presents judging standards for the physical damages. This paper also introduces example public complaints that happened at Daewoo construction sites to describe the problems in the existing law and further to enable smooth construction progresses by emphasizing the seriousness of public complaints.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1177-1184
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• 2011

One of the main objectives of noise control act is to define and ensure application and respect of noise exposure limits. Most advanced countries have prepared a legal framework for noise limits either by national laws, ordinances or municipal by-laws. A large number of advaced countries have adopted the Leq index for the main sources of noise(road, railway, industry). The exception is aircraft noise for which regulatory practice is highly disparate. These differences in the indices adopted, the periods and areas to which regulations apply, definitions of measurement conditions and ways in which noise levels are calculated make it difficult to compare the current advanced countries standards. This study presents the current noise abatement policy of the advanced countries and proposes the improvement of the current noise abatement policy of Korea to catch up with it of the advanced countries.